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Introduction to the Study of the Greek Classic 
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14 



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' Salem. Feb. 13, 16 

4 1 have examined the copy of the last edition of the " Greek Reader," 
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>ut the greatest improvement is in the Lexicon. This is now scarcely 
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4 Respectfully yours, 
4 OLIVER CARLTON, Master Puolie Latin School' 

16 



SELECT 



POPULAR ORATIONS 



OF 



J 

DEMOSTHENES, 



AVI Til NOTES 



A C II It X L G I C A L TABLE, 



UT 

J. T. (' II A M I" I. I N, 

PROFK8SOR oi' (,ki:i:k and lati.n in WATIKTOU college. 



SECOND EDITION, REVISED. 



*>',. 



BOSTON AXI) CAMBRIDGE: 
JAMES MUNROE AM) COMPANY. 

1 8 5 5 . 



^ 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by 

J. T. CHAMP LIN, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 



CAMBRIDGE : 

ALLEN AND FARNIIAM, STEREOTYPERS AND PRINTERS. 



PREFACE 



This book is not, in all respects, what it was 
intended to be when commenced. It was my pur- 
pose, at the outset, to embrace in the selection 
specimens of each of the three different lands of 
orations found in Demosthenes, — Private, Judicial, 
and Popular. But as, upon more reflection, it was 
thought best to make the selections rather with 
reference to their use as a text-book in the earlier 
part of the college course, than to exhibiting speci- 
mens of the different styles of address employed by 
Demosthenes, this plan was abandoned. 

While all the orations of Demosthenes are per- 
vaded by a spirit of life and power which awaken 
attention, — while they all have "a frenzy in the 
words which none can fail to understand, if not the 
words themselves," — only the popular orations, by 
their simplicity, brevity, and unelaborate style, are 
entirely fitted for the use of students in the earlier 
part of their academic course. As these were de- 
livered in the popular assembly, where all classes of 

(3) 



iv PEEEACE. 

the inhabitants of Athens were expected to attend, 
they were necessarily thrown into the simplest form 
of which the subject admitted, in order that they 
might be understood and felt. Besides, being upon 
questions of great public interest, they are animated 
by stirring appeals and earnest expostulations, by 
pointed allusions and keen invective, by sportive 
raillery and scorching sarcasm, by home thrusts and 
pertinent illustrations which kindle the mind of the 
reader and make his task easier. 

Of the seventeen popular orations which stand 
accredited to Demosthenes, a few of them under 
some suspicion as to their genuineness, I have se- 
lected such as seemed to present a fair specimen of 
his manner in such addresses, and, at the same time, 
are upon subjects of as much general interest as 
any. That so many of them relate to Philip is 
only because nearly all of the popular orations have 
to do with him, since he was the great enemy of 
Athens during the larger part of the public life of 
Demosthenes. 

This able and insidious monarch, coming to the 
throne of Macedonia at a period when it was dis- 
tracted by divisions within, and pressed on the north 
and west by savage hordes, while it was begirt on 
the coast by a line of Grecian cities, mostly in 
alliance with Athens, as soon as he had quieted 
internal divisions and repelled the savage tribes, 
commenced opening for himself a freer access to 



PREFACE. v 

the coast, by subduing and adding to his kingdom 
one Grecian city after another, and finally, having 
thus destroyed these outposts of Grecian power, de- 
scended upon Greece itself. Demosthenes early per- 
ceived his designs, and set himself to resist him at 
every step. He harangued the people against him 
on all suitable occasions, went on embassies to stir 
up the other States, and both in public and in pri- 
vate did every thing in his power to open the eyes 
of the Greeks to his hostile character and dangerous 
designs. But it was all to little purpose. The 
pleasure-seeking Athenians of his time, trained un- 
der the demagogues to theatrical exhibitions and 
other exciting indulgences, shrunk from leaving 
their beloved Athens to take the field, and hence 
listened to the soothing assurances of peace and 
safety given by the venal orators, rather than to the 
warning voice of Demosthenes. 

Of the merits of the book others must judge. 
I can only say, that I have employed in its prepa- 
ration as much care and as diligent a use of all the 
helps at my command, as I could well exercise. 
Schaffer, Vomel, Franke, and Sauppe have been 
continually before me and constantly consulted. 
To indicate, in some small degree, my indebtedness 
to these commentators, as well as to contribute 
something towards forming in pupils the very useful 
habit of using Latin notes with facility, I have trans- 
ferred to my pages many of their notes in Latin, 



vi PREFACE. 

when 1 entirely coincided with them, and when they 
seemed sufficiently simple to be readily understood, 
Aa the hook is designed for the earlier part of the 
college course, I have bestowed considerable atten- 
tion upon mere questions of language, and have 
made copious references to grammatical principles. 
As the historical events of the times referred to are 
very complicated, and the historical allusions in 
these, as well as in the other orations, very numer- 
ous, I have added a Table of the Life and Times of 
Demosthenes, which will be found useful in reading 
any of his orations. This is based upon the Chrono- 
logical Table of Franke, appended to his edition of 
the Philippics, but has been entirely remodelled, 
and revised by the light of Clinton and Thirlwall, 
and extended over the whole period of the life of the 
orator. In fixing upon the date of the birth of De- 
mosthenes, I have felt compelled to follow Clinton, 
against many weighty authorities which place it 
three years earlier. 

For the mere preparation of a drill-book, many 
other authors might have been selected with equal 
advantage ; but for adaptation in matter and tone 
to the spirit of the age and the genius of our insti- 
tutions, I know of nothing in Greek, nor indeed in 
any language, which can take precedence of the 
popular orations of Demosthenes. An age so thor- 
oughly agitated as the present by the great contest 
between popular and aristocratic institutions, and a 



PREFACE. v ii 

people like ours, who have embraced democracy as 
their birthright, cannot fail to feel a sympathy with 
the great defender of democratical institutions in 
ancient times, when threatened with extinction from 
the overwhelming pressure of oligarchical and mon- 
archical power. In a country where every thing is 
arranged upon the popular principle, — where mind 
is moved by motive rather than by force or authority, 
and where, consequently, power of thought and ex- 
pression constitute the grand instrument of useful- 
ness as well as of success, the breathing thoughts 
and burning words of the greatest of orators will not 
be lost. Why should a single oration of such an 
author, who has left more than fifty, be thought 
sufficient for the educated youth of a free country ? 
Why should not a more extensive reading of his 
works be encouraged among the young, that they 
may both acquire something of the power, and catch 
something of the spirit, of the patriot orator ? 

"Waterville College, September, 1848. 



This edition has been carefully revised, and will 
be found, it is hoped, not unworthy of the continued 
patronage of the public. 



JHM0ZQEN0T2 
O AT N IAK02 A. 



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(1) 0AYN6IAK02 A. 3 

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4 AHM029EN0Y2 (1) 

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dvTLppoirov, civ fiovkJ)fJL60a ^pr]a6ai, rr)<; Trap' e/ceivcov 
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'q/jbasy o) dvopes ' AOrjvaloi, (ppovTicrac, 'tva TavT eira- 
vopOcoudfjuevoc ttjv eirl toIs ireirpaypievoi^ aoo^tav airo- 
Tpc^fj)/Jbe6a. 
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rott$ avOpanrovSt eVr ' OXvvOov efcelvos KaTao-Tpe-tyeTai, 
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^eiv ottol fiovXeTai. ' Apa Xoyt^eTac Tt? v/jlcov, o> dvope? 
AOrjvaloi, tcao Oeojpel tov Tpoirov Ci ov fxeya^ yeyovev, 



(1) 0AYN6IAK0 2 A. 5 

aaOevris cov ro kclt ap%a<;, ifriXiiriros ; To Tpcorov 
AjA(pL7ro\Lv Xaflcov, fierd ravra IIvBvav, ttoKlv Hot'l- 
Baiav, MeOcovrjv clvOls, elra QerraXias eTrefai • fierd 13 
ravra <I>epa<;, Uayaads, Mayvrjalav, ttcivO' bv efiovXero 
13 evTp67ricras rpoirov co^er el? ©paKrjv • elr eicel rov? 
fiev €KJ3aXcov, rovs Be Karaarr\aa<; rcov fiacnXecov, rjcrde- 
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aXX evOvs OXvvOiols eire-^etp^aev. Tas B eir IXXv- 
piov$ Kat Ilaiovas avrov icai 77-/309 Apv/iftav ica\ biroc 
Ti? av eirroi TrapaXearco arpareta^;. 

Ti ovVy Tt? av eiiroi, ravra Xeyeis rj/uv vvv ; ' Iva 14 
yvcore, co dvBpe? Adrjvaiot, Kac alaOrjaOe dficpdrepa, teal 
ro irpo'CeaOai KaO eKaarov aei re rcov irpaypxircov 
&)? aXvcrireXes, Ka\ rrjv (f>tXo77payfxoavv7]V y yjpr)rai /cat, 
crvtfl $iXnnro$, vcp ?;? ovk ecrriv hirco? ayar:r\cra^ rol<; 
7T€7rpay/jLevoL<; rjav^iav cr^crec. El B 6 fiev &)? aec ro 
fiel^ov rcov virapyovrcov Bel irparrecv eyvcoKco<; ecrrai, 
v/jiels Be &)? ovBevos avri\7]7rreov eppcofievco<; rcov rrpa- 
yfidrcov, crKoirelcrde &s ri iror eXirl^ ravra reXevrrjcrai. 
JTpo? Oecov, rU obrcos evr]6r]<; earlv vficov oar is ayvoei 15 
rov e/ceWev iroXefiov Bevpo ij^ovra, av cifieX^acofiev ; 
AXXa fiiyv ei rovro yevrjaerai, BeBoc/ca, co avBpes AOrj- 
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paBicos €777. rols fieyaXocs roKois, fiiKpov evTropijcravres 
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enravra irpos ijBovijv Qirovvres, iroXXa /cat %aXe7ra, cov 



6 AHM026EN0Y2 (1) 

iftouXofieOa, vcttcpoi* eU apayicqv ekOtopep wotear, 

KtU KirCv:-€V(7Ci\u€r wept rccv er avry r;} \ccpa. 

'-■ To fjbep ouv ewiTUMUt, 'ictclS or era i tk civ. pactov kcu 
wavrm elrai, ro 8' vwep rccv wapovranv 6 ri het TrpUT- 
rew a—ooaivecrOai, tout elvai <tv/.i3ov\ov. Eyco £e 
owe clyvoco uev, w arCpes A&r;vaioi, tovO , on woXkaun* u 

js on tols airiov?. aWa tows wrrarowi Trepi tcov 
wpayuortov emovros ev opyyj wotelaOe, av n ui] Kara 
yrcouijv ejcfij} • ov fiijv olouai ye Set* Tip. 1 ihiav dcrcba- 
\eiav ckottoitO vrrocTeiXacrOai wept cov vfitv av/icbe- 

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pecri kcu (TTpaTicDTai? irepoi? • ei Be Odrepov rovrcov 
o\tycop7-(7£Te. ow cd fir} uaraio? vfjuv ?;• crrpareia yevrjrai. 

^ Eire yap, vucov Trp> eiceawv kclxcos woiovvt&v, virouelva? 
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tj-jV (Sorfieuw elvai. 

19 Kcu wept oev Ttfi fSmfieloq tovto yiyvcocTKco ■ rrepl 
oe xpy/JUMTtov wopou, eorur, co avBpes 'Adrjvatoi, XPV' 
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trrparrtarruca • ravra ce vpek ovrco? w? fSovXeaOe \au 



(I) 0AYN6IAK02 A. 7 

fiavere. El p,ev ovv ravra roc? crrparevoiievoL? arro- 
cwcrere, ovcevo? vp.lv rrpocrcel 7rdpov, eu ce {jltj, rrpocrcel, 
fMaWov c arravro^ evcel rov iropov. Tc ovv, av tk 
enrol, av ypdfyei? ravr elvai err par ccor ikci ; 
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TLcoTa? celv KaracKevacOr/vai, koll ravr elvai crrpa- 

TLCDTlKa, KOLL fALCLV CTVVra^iV eivai, TT\V aVTTjV TOV T€ 

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fcai dvev rovrcov ovcev ecrrc yevecrOat rcov ceovrcov. 
Aeyovat Be /cat a\\ou? rcva? dXXoc rropov?, ojv e\eo~6e 
ocrri? vfuv crvfitbepeiv cokcI • tcac eco? ecrrl /caipos, 
avnXa(Becr6e rcov irpaypiarcov. 

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ev co Ka6eo~TT]fce vvvi, ra ^iXtrrrrov. Ovre yap, to? 
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Tavra yap drricrra fiev rjv Crrrov 6vaei Kac del rracnv 22 
avvpcoirois, KOULLcrj o , ojcrrrep jjv. Kai ecrrt vvv rovrco, 
Kal yap Uayacra? arraireiv avrov eicriv e^sr\cbicrp.evoi, 



8 - AHM0S9EN0Y2 (1) 

koI Mayvrjo-LCLV K&c&kvKCun TeL^eLV. "Hkovov 8 
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hwaoiev avrcp KapirovaOau ■ ra yap KOLvd ra GerraXwu 
dirb tovtcov BeoL BioiKetv, ov ^lXlttttov Xa^dveLV. El 
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Ko/ii&f) rd tt]? Tpotyrp toU ^e'vocs avTcp Kara<TT7]cr€rai. 

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K0V6LV TIVOS elcU, KCLL dvOpCOTTO^ vfipUFTTfi, to? CpaaLV. 

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avreffl Ta tcov 'OXvvOlcov, v/ze£? eKel TroXefirjaere Kac 



(1) OAYN0IAKO2 A. 



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aeaOaL ; Kal irpoaeaB rj v/3pL$ icaL €tl t) tcov irpa- 
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dircoOelv e/celae tov TroXefiov, tovs fiev ev7ropovs, lv 
virep tcov ttoXXcov chv /caXco? nroLovvTes e^pvai fALKpa 
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ye'voovTai, tov$ Be XeyovTas, lv aL tcov ireiroXLTevjJLevcov 



10 AHMO20ENOY2 OAYN0IAKO2 A. (1) 

avTois evQvvai pahiai yevcovrac, w? ottui tirr av Vfiat; 

\ f m V V 

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6 Eyco fiev yap, &> avBpes Adrjvaloi, afydBp av rjyovfirjv 



(2) 0AYNGIAK02 B. 13 

kcu avros cfiofiepov tov ^iXnrTrov kcu OavfiacrTov, ei, ra 
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w? ol Trapa ti}v cxvtCov a^iav BeBovXco/ievot QeTTaXou 
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14 AHMO20ENOY2 (2) 

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(2) O-AYN0IAKO2 B. 15 

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iroLovvras eTOt/icos, elirep tls vpuv irpoaQ^t rbv vovv. 
Kiiv ravra €0e\rj(TrjT€ w^ 7rpoai}K€i /ecu See irepaiveiv, ov 
fiovov, to avSpes A6i]valoL, ra avfXfxa^LKa aaOevcos Kai 
«2 aTTLCTTtos eyovra cpainio-ercu <PiXi7nr(p, aXXa Kai ra T179 
oiKela<; ap^fj^ Kai Swdfiecos kclkws e-^ovra ^eXey^Oi}- 
aerai. 

( OXo)? fiev yap 1) MaKeSovLKrj &vva/uu<; Kai ap%7) ev 14 
fiev 7rpoa0j]Krj^ fiepec eart T6? ov fic/cpa, olov virrjptje 

7TO0' V/JLLV €7rl TljloOeOV TTpOS 'OXwOlOVS ' TTLlXlV CLV 

rrpos Horthaiav OXvvOiois ecpavrj n rovro crvvafupo- 
repov ' vvvl Be OerraXols aracria^ovai kcu rerapaypie- 
vol<$ eirl rrjv rvpavvLK7]V oifcuiv eftoridrjae • kcl\ oitoi Tt9 
av, olfiai, rrpoaOrj kclv pUKpciv hvvapuv, iravr cocpeXec. 
Avrr) Se kcl6* avri]v aaOevi}^ kcu rroXXcov kcuccdv earl 
/jLearrj. Kcu yitp ovros diraai tovtols, ot? cw Tt? pueyav 15 
avrov 7iyr\crcuTO, rols 7roXe/ioi<; kcu rat? arpareiai^, er 
eiriacpaXearepav r) virrip^e cpvaei KareaKevaKev eavrco. 
Mr) yap oiecrde, co dvSpes ' AOrjvaioi, rocs avroc? <f>iXnr- 
irdv re yaipeiv Kai rov$ ap^ofievov^;, aXX 6 fiev 8of;r}<; 
€7TL0vfjLe2 Kal rovro efyjXcoKe, Kai irporjpr)rai rrparrcov 
Kai KtvBvvevcov, av crv/jifif) ri, rvaQelv, rrjv rod Scarpa- 16 



16 AHM02GEN0Y2 (2) 

%acr6ac ravra a /jL7]8el$ rrwirore aXkos MatceSovcov 
jSaacXevs Bdgav avrl rov %rjv ao~(f>aXco<; yprjfievos * rot* 
Se ttjs fj,ev cfrcXorcficas 7-779 arro rovrwv ov fierearc, 
KOTTTOfievoL Se del reus arparecac^ ravracs Tat? avay 
/cdrco Xvirovvrac tcai awe^s raXacrrwpovacv, ovr em 
Tot? epyov? ovr eirc tol? clvtcdv cScol<; ecofievot Scarpc- 
f3ecv, ovO oa av rropcaaycrcv ovro)<; birois av hvvcovrac, 
ravr e^ovre? ScaOeaOac tcetcXecfjce'vcdV tq)v eyuiropcwv rwv 
ev rrj X w P a Sea rov rrroXe/iov. 

17 Ol /lev ovv ttoXXoc Ma/ceSovoov 7T&J9 eyovac $Cklinr(p t 23 
etc tovtcjv civ rt? a/ce^jracro ov ^aXerrco^ • ol Se Srj rrepi 
avrov bvres %evoc kcil ire^eracpoc So^av fiev e^ovocv a>9 
ecal Oavfiaaroi kcli crvyKe/cpor7]fievoc ra rov TroXe'fiov, 
&)9 o eyo) toov ev avrrj rrj yj^pa yeyevy/xevwv twos 
tjkovov, avSpos ovScl/jLws ocov re ^evSeaOac, ovSevcov 

is eccrc fieXrcovs. Ec fiev yap rc<; avr\p earcv ev avroc? 
olos e/JLirecpo? TroXefiov koc aywvwv, rovrov? fiev (f>cXo- 
rc/ica rravras airoiOelv avrov ecprj, ftovXofievov rrdvra 
avrov Sotcecv elvac ra epya (irpo? yap av roU aXXocs 
tcai rrjv (pcXorcfjucav ravSpo<; avvirep(3X7]rov elvac) ■ el $e' 
res o~Gxf)p(ov 7] Sctcacos aXXois, rrjv tca0' ^fxepav dtcpa- 
acav rov ftcov /cat, fieOrjv Kai KOpSa/ctafiovs ov Svvd- 
Hevos (pe'pecv, nrapewaOac tcai ev ovSevbs elvac fiepec rov 

I9 roiovrov. Aocrrovs Sr) rrepi avrov elvac Xrjcrras tcai 
tcoXatcas, rocovrovs avOpwirovs olovs /ledvaOevraq op%ec- 
crOac rocavra ola eyw vvv otcvw irpbs v/jlcls bvo/idaac. 
Aifkov S ore ravr ecrrcv aXrjOr) • teal yap ovs evOevSe 



(2) 0AYN9IAK02 B. 17 

7T6M>Te? airrfkavvov &>? itoXv rcov OavfiaroTrotoiV aaeXye- 
Grepovs bvTCLS, KaXXlav eiceivov tov B^/ioaLov kcll tolov- 
tou? avOpwTTOvs, fiL/jLovs yeXolwv kcll 7roLr)Ta<; ata^pwv 

aCTfACLTCOV (x)V 6t? TOU? <JVVOVTCl<$ TTOLOVCTLV €V€fCd TOV 

yeXacrOrjvaL, tovtovs ay air a kcll ire pi avrov €%et. 

K.CLLTOL TCLVTCL, KCLL EL fJLLKpd Tt? r/jeLTCLL, fieydXa, ft) 20 

avBpes AOrjvaloL, Bely/xaTa ttj^ eKeivov yvd)/jL7]<; kcll 

KaKO&CLL/LLOVLCL<; eCFTL T0t9 ev (frpOVOVCTLV. A XX , olflCLL, 

vvv fjuev eirLo-Korel tovtols to Karopdovv • al yap ev- 
irpa^LaL BeLvaL crvyKpv^raL ra tolclvtcl ov6l8t) • eL Be tl 

7TTCLL0-€l, TOT CLKpLJ3w<; CLUTOV TCLVT €^€Taa0r)O-€TaL. 

24 AoKel B e/jLOLje, d> avBpe<; AOrjvaloL, BeL^eLV ovk et? 
fidKpav, av ol te OeoL OeXcoaL kcll v/ias /3ovX7]o-0e. 
flairep yap ev toIs crcoLiaaLv^ eco? /xev av eppco/jLe'vos y 2i 
rt?, ovBev eiraicrOaveTaL, eirav Be appajaTTj/ia tl av/jiftrj, 
iravTa KLvelTaL, kclv prjyfia kclv o-Tpep,\ia kclv aXXo tl 
twv virapyovTwv aaOpov fj, ovtcd KaL twv TroXewv kcu 
twv TVpavvwv, eo>? fiev av e£w iroXefiwaLV, acpavr} tcl 
KaKCL TOfc? TToXXols 6CTTLV, eireLBav Be o/j,opo<; TroXefios 
o~v{JL7rXaKrj, iravTa eTTOLrjcrev eKBrjXa. 

El Be / rt? v/xwv, w avBpes AOrfvaloL, tov ^lXlttttov 22 
evTvyovvTa bpwv TavTj] cpofiepov TrpoairoXefiijaaL vo/j,l- 
Ql, crwcfrpovos fiev avdpwKov Xoyto-fiw xprJTaL. Me- 
yaXrj yap poirr], fiaXXov Be to bXov i) Tvyr\ irapa nravT 
eaTL tcl twv avOpwrrwv irpay\xaTa • ov p,7]v aXX eycoye, 
a tl$ atpealv /llol Boltj, tt/^ t?}? i]p,eTepa<; iroXews Tvyyqv 
av eXoLfxrjv, eOeXovTWV a TrpoarjKeL iroLelv v/awv avTWi 



18 AHMO2 0ENOY2 (2) 

kclI Kara puKpdv, rj rrjv eKeivov ' 7ro\v yap rrXetovs 
d<t>op fia<; els to ri)v rrapd rwv Oecov evvoiav eyew opco 

23 )]yuv evovaas *; e/ceivrp. *AXX\ olpiai, KaQi)p,eQa ovSev 
irotovvres • ovk €Vt 8* avrbv apyovvra ovSe rots (j)tXois 
ernrdrrecv vrrep avrov re rroielv, paq Tt ye &r] rocs Oeols. 
Ov Srj 6avp,aardv eanv, el crrparevofievos Kau ttovcov 
etcelvos avrbs kcll rrapiov ecf) diraai koli fi7]Seva icaipov 
pbt]V lopav irapaXelircov rjpuwv fieXXovrcov Kau yjr7]<f>L^ofie- 
vcov kclI 7rvv6avofjLe'vG)v rzepiyiyverai. OvBe Oav/ia^oj 
rovr eyco ' rovvavriov yap av tjv OavpLaarov, et, fiyoev 
rrocovvres rjfiels cov rols rroXep^ovat rrpoar\Kei rov iravra 
irocovvros irepiripbev. 

24 'AXX* i/celvo Oavfid^w, eu AaKeBaipLovcots fiev rrore, 25 
<w dvBpes ' 'Adrjvaioi, virep rcov t EXkrjVLKcov BtKaicov avrrj- 
pare, kclI iroXKa iBia rrXeoveKrrjcraL iroXXaKis vpuv e%ov 
ovk yOeXrjcrare, aXX* Iv oi clXXol rv^coai rcov SiKatcov, 
ra vfierep avrcov dvrjXlcrKere eiacj>epovres Kau rrpoe- 
KivBvvevere crrparevofievoi, vvvi S oKvelre e^ievai nai 
/xeXXere eicrcpepeiv virep rcov vfxerepcov avrcov Kryfiarcov, 
Kau rovs /xev aXXovs crecrcoKare rroXXaKis rravras Kau 
Ka6 eva avrcov efcaarov ev puepei, ra $ vfierep avrcov 

25 airoXcoXeKores KaQr\o~Qe. Tavra Oavfid^co, tcai en rrpos 
rovrots, et firjhe els Vficov, co ctvBpes AOrjvaloL^ Svvarat 
XoyicracrQai rrocrov iroXefielre %povov ^iXlirircp fcal ri 
iroiovvrcov vficov o y^povos hie\i]Xv6ev ovros. Icrre yap 
£7777-01/ rovO , on fieXXovrcov avrcov, erepovs revets eXiu- 
'Cpvrcov irpd'^eiv, aincofievcov aXXr\Xovs, Kpivdvrcov, rraXiv 



(2) OAYN0IAKO2 B. 19 

eX/m^ovTCdv, a^eBov ravra drrep vvvo ttooowtcov, airas 
6 ^povos BoeXi]Xv6ev. 

EW ovTcos dyvcofidvcD<; e^ere, w dvBpes AOrjvaooo, 26 
ware Bo cov e/c xprjarcov cpavXa ru 7Tpayfiara rrjs rro- 
Xecos yeyove, Boa rovrcov eXiro^ere rcov avrcov nrpa^ecov 
e/c cpavXcov avra xprjard yevr\aea6ao ; *AX\! ovr ev- 
Xoyov ovr eyov earo cpvaov rovro ye • iroXv yap paov 
e)(0VTa$ cpvXarreov r) Krr\aaaQao nravra nrecj)vicev. Nvvl 
Be b to fiev cpvXa^ofiev, ovBev earov vito rov iroXefiov 
Xooitov rcov nrporepov, KTi)aaaQao Be Bel. Avrcov ovv 
rj/icov epyov rovr rjBr]. ^tj/io Br] Belv eoac\>epeov XPV' 27 
fiara, avrovs e^oevao 7rpo0vfi(o<?, /jorjBev aorodaOao nrpov 
av rcov TTpayixarcov Kparrjarjre, rrjvoicavra Be air avrcov 
rcov epycov Kpovavras, rov? fiev agoovs eiraovov rofidv, 
rovs B clBokovvtcls KoXa^eov, t<x? irpocpaaeos B acpeXecv 
koo rd /cad vfia$ eXXeofjOfiara • ov yap earo TTOKpcos 
e^eraaao to nreirpaicrao rol<; aXXoos, cov fir) Trap v/jlcov 
avrcov irpcorov inrap^r) ra Beovra. 

Tovo? yap eveica, co avBpes A6r)va7oo, vo/xo^ere rovrov 23 
fiev cj>evyeov rov iroXefiov iravra^ baovs av e/CTre'/uLyjniTe 
arparrjyovs, oBoovs B evpoaiceov rroXepiov^, eo Bel to rcov 
ovrcov Kol irepo rcov arparr^ycov eoirelv ; r Oto evravOa 
fie'v earo Ta aOXa, virep cov early 6 7roXe{Mo$, vfierepa — 
A/jLcfinroXos tchv XrjcpOrj, Trapa^prj/jia avrrjv vfjoel? ko- 
fioeoade — oo Be kovBwoo twv ecpearrj/cdrcov oBooo, /noados 
S' ov/c earov • e/ceo Be kovBwoo \xev eXarrovs, rd Be Xrjfjo- 
fiara rcov ecpearrjtcorcov tcao rcov arparocorcov, Ad/jb-^ra- 
tcos, ^oyeoov, rd irXooa a avXcoaov. *Eir ovv to Xvao- 29 



'JO AHMO2 0ENOY2 OAYN0IAKO2 B. {'2) 

reXovv avroU eKacrrot ^wpovatv. 'T/uei? oe, brav fiev 
eU ra rrpdypcara aTro^Xeyjrrjre (fiavXco? eyovra, rovs 
€(f}6ar7]fcora^ Kpivere, orav Be Bovres Xoyov ras avajKa? 
diKovcnjre ravra?, dcpUre. TleptecrrL roivvv vjj.Iv aXXr}- 
Xoi? epiZeiv Kal Bieardvai, roU fiev ravra Trerreiafie- 
voi$, T©*5 Be ravra, rd kolvli B eyeiv cpavXcos. Upo- 
repov fiev yap, a) dvBpes AOtjvcuoi, eicrecpepere Kara 
crvfifiopias, vvvl Be iroXtreveade Kara cvfifiopia?. Prj- 
rcop r t yefiwv exarepoov, Kal trrpaTqyos viro rovrco, Kai 
ol ftojiadjievot rpiaKOGioi • ol B aXXoc irpoavevefi-qaOe, 
ol fiev &)? rovrovs, ol Be a>? eKeivovs. 

30 Ael Bi] ravra erravevras Kai vficov avrcov en Kai vvv 
yevofievovs, kolvov Kai ro fiovXeveaOai Kai ro Xeyeiv 
Kal ro rrpdrreiv rroirfcrai. El Be roZ? fiev coairep e/c S7 
rvpavvidos vficov emrarreiv airobcoaere, rois o avayKa- 
%eo~6ai rpirfpapyelv etacpepetv arparevecrdai, roi? Be 
tyr](f)l£eo-dai Kara rovrcov fiovov, dWo Be firjB oriovv 
crvfirrovelv, ovy(i yevi]crerai rcov Beovrcov vp.lv ovBev ev 
Kaipco ' ro yap rfBiKiifievov aei fiepo? e\\e(|e(, eld vfiiv 

31 rovrov? KoXaKeiv avn rcov eyQpcov rrepiecrrai. Aeyco 
Br) KecbaXatov, rravra? eLcrcpepetv acp b'crcov eKacrro? ^X ei> 
ro icrov ' rravras e^tevai Kara fiepo^, eo)? av diravres 
crrparevarjcrde • rracri rot? rrapiovcri Xoyov BiBovai, Kal 
ra fieXricrra cov hv ciKovcnjre aipelcrdai, fii] a av 6 
Belva, ?; o Belva eirrrj. Kav ravra rroirjre, ov rov 
eirrovra fiovov rrapay^prffia erraLveaeaOe, aXXa Kal vficis 
avrovs varepov, /3eXriov rcov oXcov rrpayficircov vfiiv 
eyovrcov. 



AHM0ZQEN0T2 
O AT N G I A KO X T. 



Ovyj, ravra iraptararai \ioi yiyvwa/ceiv, w av$pe$ l 
AOrjvaioi, brav re el? rd ir pay fiara anropXe^ca zeal 
brav rrrpos tovs \oyovs ov? clkovg). Tov<? fiev yap 
Xoyovs rrepi rod TLfjL(opr]craadac ^tXtirirov opw yiyvo- 
/uevovs, ra Se Trpayfiara et? rovro rrporjKOvra, were 
07n»? /jlt} '7T€Lcr6{i€0a avrot irporepov kclkws crKe-yjracrOai, 
Seov. OvBev ovv aXXo fJboi So/covaiv ol ra roiavra 
Xeyovres rj rrjv vrroQeaiv, 7repl r)$ fiovXeveaOe, ow^i rrjv 
ovaav irapiaravre^ vplv djiaprdveiv. Eyco 8 on fiev 2 
7tot e%r)v rrj iroXei kcu ra avrrjg e^eiv acrtyaXcos kclL 
QiXiirirov TipbwpriaaaOai, kcli jiaXa aicpi/3co<; olSa • eir 
6/j.ou yap, ov%L rraXai, yeyove ravra afKporepa • vvv 
29 puevroi TreireuTfiai rovd iKavov TrpoXa(3eiv tj/mv elvai 
rrjv Trpcorrjv, hirco? tol'? avfJLfJLayov^ crwawfjuev. Edv 
yap rovro fleftaicQ? virap^r), rore fcal rreph rov riva 
rpoirov rifMcoprjcrerai -u? etcelvov e^earat aricoireiv ' rrplv 
he rr)v apyrjv op0co<$ viroOeaOai, /uLaracov rjyovjjLai irept 
t^? reXevrrjs bvrivovv TrotelaOab Xoyov. 



22 AHMO2 0ENOY2 (3) 

3 'O fiev ovv irapcov icaipos, w dvBpes AOrjvaloi, et irep 
rrore, 7ro\\r}$ cj)povrcBo<$ teal (3ov\r)<$ Belrat • eyw Be ov% 
b ri %pr) nrept, rwv irapovrwv avfAJSovXevaai ^a\e7rco- 
rarov r)yovfiai, du' enelv airopco, riva %pr) rpoirov, &> 
dvBpes AOrjvaloi, 7rpo? u/m? irep\ avrwv earelv. Ue- 
ireuTfiat, jap eg o)v rrapwv icai atcovcov crvvotBa, ra 
irXeiw tcdv Trpay/idrcov vjjlcls eiarefyevyevai ra> fir) ftov- 
Xecrdai ra Beovra iroielv r) tw fir) crvvtevai. 'Agca) Be 
vfias, av fiera Trapprjaca^ irocwfiai rovs Xoyovs, vtto- 
fievetv, rovro Oewpovvras, el rdXr)6rj Xe'yco ica\ Bid rovro, 
Iva ra Xonra (BeXrlco yevrjrai • Spare yap &)? etc rov 
7rpo<s ydpiv Brj/jbrjyopelv eviovs et? irdv irpoeXr]Xv6e 
fJbo^6r]pla^ rd irapovra. 

4 Avaytcaiov Be viroXafi/Bavco fiiKpd rwv yeyevrj/ievcov 
rrpwrov vfid$ virofivrjcrai. Me'fivrfaOe, co dvBpes 'AOrj- 
valoi, or airrfyyeXQr) <0>iXiinro<$ vfiLv ev Gpatcr) rpirov 
7] reraprov eros rovrl 'Hpacov rel^o? iroXiopKcov. Tore 
rolvvv fir\v fiev rrv Maifia/crrjpLwv, 7roXX(ov Be Xoycov 
teal 6opv{3ov yiyvofievov irap vfiiv, e-^rrj^icraaOe rerra- 
paKovra rpir\pei<? fcaOeXfcetv icai rov; ^XP L 7rei;T€ Kac 
rerrapaKovra erwv avrovs efiftauveiv Kal raXavra e%r]- 

5 Kovra eicrcpe'pecv. Kal fiera ravra BteXOovro? rov 
eviavrov rovrov, 'Eicarofiftaiwv, Merayetrviwv, Borj- 
BpofiLwv ' rovrov rov firjvo? fioyts fiera ra fivarripta 
Beica vav$ airecrreiXare e^ovra /cevas Xapo&rjfiov Kal 
rrevre raXavra apyvpiov. /2? yap r)yyeX6r) <f>i\nr- 30 
7TO? daOevwv r) reOvecos (rjXde yap dficf>orepa^, ovKeri 



(3) OAYN0IAKO2 r: 23 

Ktiipov ovSeva tov /3or)0e2v vojJLLo-avres atyeire, &> avhpes 
AOrjvaloi, tov (iTToaroXov. ' Hv 8' ovto<? 6 Kaipos av- 
to<s • ei yap Tore eiceiae eftorjOrjcra/JLev, coairep e^r^tcra- 

/jL€0a, TTpoOv/bLCOS, OVK GLV rjVW^Xei VVV T)pA,V QlXlTtTTOS 
<T(O0€l$. 

Ta [iev hrj Tore nrpa^Oevra ov/c av aXXcos €%ot • vvv 6 
8 erepov iroXefiov /catpos i]tcei rt?, Si bv /cal rrept rov- 
tcov efivrjaOr/V, iva fir) ravra iraOr^re. To 8rj %pr}cro- 
fieOa, d> avSpes AOrjvalot, tovtw ; El yap /xr) ftorj- 
0r]aeT6 rravrl crOevei Kara to Suvarov, OeaaaaOe bv 
rpoirov v/jueh eaTpaT7)<yr}K0T€<$ iravra ecrearOe virep 

$l\l7T7T0V. ^TlTTlpyOV OXwdlOl SwajJLlV TlVa K6KT7J- 7 

fxevoi, real Bte/ceid ovrco ra nrpayfiara • ovre ^lXltttto^ 
eOappec toutou? ov6 ovtoi <&iXnnrov. Eirpa^afjuev 
rjjAels /cafcelvoc 777)09 rj/jua^ eipr)vr\v • r)v tovto cocnrep 
e/jL7roBc(TfjLa to Tft) ^lXlttttw tcai Bvcr^epeg, ttoXiv fieyaXrjv 
ecpopfielv Tot? eavTov icaipols BirjXXay/ievrjv 7rpo<; rjpa&. 
EKiroXepLwo-ai Selv cpofieda tovs avOpanrov? etc TravTO? 
rpoirov ' Kai b iravTe? eOpvXovv, tovto ireirpaKTai, vvvl 
oirwcrhrfroTe. To ovv viroXoarov, c5 av$pe$ AOrjvalot, 8 
ifkrjv (3o7)9eiv eppco/JLevcos teal TrpoOvpbm ; 'Eyco fiev 
ov% opco. Xaypi? yap 7-779 TrepiaTaar]^ av ^a? aicryy- 
vrjs, eu KaOvfyetixeda ti twv Trpay/maTcov, ov'Be tov (poflov, 
a> av$p€<; 'AOrjvacoi, puKpov opw tov tcov per a Tavra, 
e^ovTcov fiev <W9 eyovvi Grj^aicov r)juv s aireiprjKOTcov Be 
ypryiacri ^coKecov, firjSevos $ efiiroBcov 6W09 QiXiinrcp 
ra TrapovTa, KaTao-Tpeyfrap,ev(p nrpo^ Tavra ewLKXivat ra 



21 AHM029EN0Y2 (3) 

9 irpayfiara. 'AXXa p,i]V et Ti? v/ncov et? tovto avaftaX- 31 
Xerat iroti'iaetv ra BeovTa, iBelv eyyvOev fiovXercu ra 
Beivd, e£ov d/covetv aXXoOt ytyvofieva, /cat ftorjdovs 
eavTco fyrelv, e£bv vvv erepois avTov {3or]6etv • on yap 
els tovto 7T€piar7)(TeTac tul irpayfiara, eav ra Trapovra 
TTpou)i±e6a, a^eBov tcrptev airavres Brjirov. 

10 'AXX* otl fiev Br) Bel (BorjOelv, etirot Tts av, 
iravres eyvw icaiiev, Ka\ /3or]6r]aofjtev • to Be 
07ra>?, tovto Xeye. Mr] tolvvv, O) avhpes AOrivalot, 
6av[xaarjT€, av irapaBo^ov et7ra) tl toI<$ 7roXXots. No- 
fioOeTas Ka0ccraT€. 'Ev Be tovtols tois vojioOeTat^ /jlt) 
6i)o~6e vofjiov /xrjBeva {etai yap l/cavot vplv), aXXa tovs 

11 6t9 to irapov /3Xa7TT0VTas v/ias XvaaTe, — Xe'yw Be 
tovs irept twv QewptKwv, cracpcos ovTcoat, koI tou? irep\ 
twv o-TpaTevofievodv evtovs, cov ot ptev Ta o~TpaTiwTiK.a 
Tot? oikoi ptevovcrt Btavepbovat Oewpuca, ol he tou? ara- 
KTOvvTas adcpovs KaOtaTaatv, eha /cat tovs Ta BeovTa 
irotelv (3ovXo ptevovs advpLOTepovs irotovatv. EiretBav 
he TavTa XvarjTe /cat tt)v tov tcl /BeXTtGTa Xeyetv 6Bov 
Trapao-yr\Te acr<paXrj, TijvtfcavTa tov ypa^jrovTa a 7ravTe$ 

12 to-Te otl avptcfrepet %V T€ ^ T€ - TLplv Be TavTa irpa^ai, ptr) 
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airoXecrOat /3ovXr]o~eTat. Ov yap evpr]aeTe, aU&)? re 
teat tovtov ptovov ireptytyveaOat pteXXovTos, iraOelv 
aBtfccos to KaKov tov TavT eiirovTa icai ypd^jravTa, ptrjBev 
Be cocpeXrjcrat Ta irpayixaTa, aXXa real eU to XoL7rov 
ptaXXov eTC i] vvv to Ta fieXTtaTa Xeyetv (froftepwTepov 



(3) OAYN0IAKO2 I\ 25 

iroiTjcrat. Kai Xvecv ye, a> avBpe? AOrjva'coL, tovs vo- 
/xou? Bee tovtovs tovs avrovs a^covv olrrep Kai TeOei- 
Kaaiv ' ov yap ecrrc BUaiov tj]V /iev y^apiv, V 7r ^ crav 13 
32 e/3\ayfr€ ttjv ito\iv, Tot? Tore Oeicriv virapyeiv, tt)v B 
aireyQeiav, Bi -§? av airavTes apbeivov irpa^aifiev, rco 
vvv T(* (SeXTLara elirovTi ^rjfiiav yeveaOai. IIplv Be 
ravra evrpeirlcrat, jjL7]8ap,GJs, o) avBpes Adrjvaloi, /jirjBeva 
agiovTe ttjXlkovtov eivai irap v[uv, ware tovs Popovs 
tovtovs irapafidvTa fir) Bovvai BiKrjv, /jltjB oi/tgo? avorj- 
tov ware eU irpovirrov kclkov avrov e/ji/3a\e2v. 

Ov firjv ovB eKelvo y tyxa? ayvoeiv Bel, cj civSpes 14 
Adfjvaloi, or i •sjrrjfao'fUL ovBevos atjiov eariv, av fxr) 
7Tpo(rye'v7]Tac to iroielv eOeXeiv ra ye Bogavra 7rpo6v/jLco<; 
vfJLa<$. El yap avrap/cr} ra yfrTj^ia-fiaTa rjv r) vfjias 
avayica^eiv a irpocnqKei irparreiv rj irepi ojv av ypacfrfj 
Biairpa^acrdai, ovr av i/^et? iroXXa yfrrjfpi^ofievoi, jJLiKpa, 
/xaXXov B ovBev eirparTere tovtcov, ovre <&iXnriro<$ 
toq-qvtov vftpliceL %povov • iraXai yap av eve/cd ye 
^rjiptcr/jiaTcov eBeBcoKei Biktjv. AXk ov% ovrco tdvf 15 
e X ei ' T0 y a P irpcLTreiv tov Xeyeiv Kai yeipoTOvelv vcrTe- 
pov ov rrj ra%ei, irporepov rf) Bvva/xei Kai /cpelrrov ecrriv. 
Tovt ovv Bel irpoaelvai, ra 8 aXXa virapyei. Kai 
yap enreiv ra heovra irap vfuv elaiv, c5 avBpe? *A6r)- 
valoi, Bwajxevoi, Kai yvwvai iravTwv uyLtet? o^vraTOi ra 
prjOevra, Kai irpa^ai Be Bvvrjo-ecrOe vvv, edv opOco? 
iroLrjTe. Tiva yap %povov rj Tiva Kaipov, w av8pe$ 16 

Adrjvaioi, tov irapovTos {3e\Tico ^iiTetTe ; ' H ttotg a 
3 



26 A H M O 2 E N O Y 2 (3) 

Bel irpd^ere, el fir] vvv ; Ov% airavra puev rjficov irpoei- 
\r}(pe ra ywpia dvOpcoiros, el Be /cat TavTr\<$ Kvpios t?J? 
ywpas yevrjcreTcu, nravTwv aicryiGTa iretaopbeOa ; Ov% 
ovs, el iro\eixr\o'aiev i erot/jLcos awaeiv virLcr^vovfieda, 33 
ovtol vvv TToXe/jLovvrai ; Ova eyOpos ; Ov/c e^cov ra 

u rj/jie'repa ; Ov ftdpftapos ; Ov% o tl av enrol t£? ; 
AhXa 7rpo<$ Oewv irdvra edaavres kclI fiovov ovyi 
crvyfcaTao-KevdcravTes avTcp Tore tou? aniovs, olrives 
eiat, rovrcov grjTrjao/jLev ; Uv yap avToi y aiTioi cprj- 
ao/iev etvai, aacfrcDS dlBa tovt eyw. OvBe yap ev tol$ 
tov nrdXepbov kivBvvols twv (frvyovrcov ovBets eavrov 
KarTjyopec, d\\d tov cTpaTrjyov Kai tcov ttXtjo-iov real 
vravrcov /xaXXov, 7]TT7]vrai B 6/x<w? Bta '/rdvras tov<$ 
fyvyovras Stjttov * fieveiv yap e^rjv t&> KaTrjyopovvTi 
tcov aXXcov, eo Be tovt eiroiei efcacrTos, evcKoov av. 

is Kal vvv ov Xeyet, rt? tol /3eXTio~Ta ; 'AvacrTd? aXXo? 
earaTW, /itj tovtov aiTiaaQw. r ETepos Xeyet tj? fleXTico ; 
TavTa iroielTe ayadjj Tvyrj. AXX ovy^ r/Bea TavTa ; 
OvKeTi tov6 6 Xeycov aBtKel, ttXtjv ei Beov ev^aaOat 
TrapaXeiTrei. Ev^acrOat fiev yap, co dvBpe? Adrjvaloi,, 
paBiov, et? TavTo iravO baa /3ovXeTaL t£? aOpouaavTa 
ev oXiycp * eXeaOai Be, brav irepl nrpayfiaTCdv TrpoTeOfj 
aKonrelv, ovtceO 6[aoicqs eviropov, aWa Bel Ta /3e\Tio~Ta 
avTt twv rjBecov, av fir] crvva{i<f>0Tepa e^rj, Xa/jiftavetv. 

\§ El Be Tt? 7] fjuiv e%€L Kal tcl OecoptKa eav kcli 
Trdpovs eTepov? Xeyeiv crTpaTLcoTLKovs, ov% ov 
to? KpetTTcov ; Enrol Tt? av. Qt}^ eycoye, enrep 



(3) 0AYN9IAK02 r. 27 

ear iv, o) avSpes A0r)valoi • aXXa 0av fiasco ei too nrore 
av0 payrrwv r) yeyovev i] yevr}aeTai, av ra irapovTd dva- 
Xwcttj irpos a /JL7] Sel, twv airdvTwv ev7roprjo~ai irpos a 
Bel. AXX olfiai, fxeya toI$ tolovtols virapyei Xoyois 
7] Trap efcaarov (3ovXr)o~i<;, Bioirep pao~TOV diravTcov 
earlv avrov e^airarrjaat,. ^O yap /3ov\erai, rov0 y 
34 €Ka<TTo$ fecu ol€tcli, tcl Be Trpay/maTa iroXXaKis OV% OVTO) 
7re(f>vfcev. 'Opare ovv, 0) dvBpes A0r\valoi i tglvO* otrro)?, 2c 
07r&)9 fcal to, Trpay/xara evBe^eTai fcal Bwr\crea0e e^ievai 
kcli jAiaOov efere. Ov toi craxfipovwv ovBe yevvaicov 
earrlv dvOpcdircov, eXXenrovTas tl Bi evBeiav ^prjfiaTcov 
T(ov tov iroXe'iiov, ev^epw^ tcl rocavra oveiBrj (fyepeiv, 
ovB* €7r! {iev Kopiv0iovs Kai Meyapem dpiraaavra^ tcl 
owXa TTopeveaOctL, <f>iXnnTov 3' eav TroXeis 'EXXrjvlBas 
avBpairoBi^ > eo-0ai St airoptav ecpoBicov tois GTpaTevo- 
fAe'vois. 

Kai tcivt ov% iv cnre n )(0wiiaL Tiaiv v/ulcov, tt)v aXXcos 21 
irporjprjfiai Xeyeiv. Ov yap outgo? cKJzpcov ovB aTvyjYi 
ei[xi eyd>, coaTe direy0dveG0ai j3ovXecr0ai fjirjSev dxfyeXelv 
vojjli^wv ' aXXa BiKaiov ttoXltov Kpivco tt)V twv irpayfia- 
tcov crwTTjplav avri T?j? ev tQ> Xeyeiv yapiTos alpeia0ai. 
Kal ydp tou? iirl tcov Trpoydvcov 7]\x(av XeyovTas a/covco, 
(oairep tcrco? Kai u/xet?, ovs eiraivovai /uuev ol irapiovTe? 
awavTes, fii/jiovvTai o ov iravv, tgvtcd t&> evei Kai tgo 
Tpdrrw Trjs ivoXiTeias %pfjo~0ai, tov ApiaTeiByv eKeivov, 
tov NiKiav, tov 6/1(ovvjjLov efiavTco, tov UepiKXea. E£ 22 
ov B 01 BiepcoTcovTes vfias ovtoi ire^>r\vaai prjTopes, tl 



28 A H M O 2 E N O Y 2 (3) 

ftovXeo~6e ; Ti ypd-^rco ; To vfxlv papier cop^at, ; 
UpoireTTOTCLL ttJ? TrapavTi/ca ^apLro^ ra tt}? 7roXeco<; 
irpdy\xaTa kclL rotavrl <jvp,$aivei> /cat ra fiev tovtcov 

23 irdvra KaXcos e%«» Ta B vfierepa ata^pco^. Katroc 
(TKeyjraaOe, co dvBpe? 'AOrjvaiot, a Tt? av KecpaXaia eiirelv 
e^ot tcov t eiTi tcov irpoyovcov epycov /ecu tcov ecp v/jlcov. 
Earai Be ^pa^v<i kcli yvcopi/xos vjmv o Xoyo? • ov yap 35 
aXXoTpiow v/mv ^pcofievoi<; irapaBeiypbacnv, aXX OLKetocs, 

co dvBpe? : Adijvaloi, evBai/uLocnv e^eart yevecrOai. 

24 'EiceivoL Totvvv, oh ov/c eyapi'CpvQ ol XeyovTes ovB 
efyiXovv avrovs coairep v/JLa<i ovtol vvv, irevre /iev Kat 
TerrapaKovra err] tcov EXX-rjvcov rjp^av e/covrcov, rrXeico 
B' r) fjLvpia raXavra a? rrjv aKpoiroXiv avrjyayov, vttt)- 
Kove Be 6 ravrrjv ir\v %copav e%cov avroh fiao-iXevs, 
coenrep earl TrpocrrjKov /3ap/3apov EXXrjcri, 7roXXa Be 
Kai Kdka /cai 7re%rj kcli vavfia^ovvTe^ eaTrjaav Tpoizaia 
avrot o-rparevo/JLevoi, pbovoi Be avOpcoircov KpeiTTCo rrjv 

25 67rt Tot? epyoi? Bd^av tcov cpOovovvTcov KareXiirov. Eiii 
jnev Br] tcov 'EXXtjvlkcov f)crav tolovtol • ev Be rot? Kara 
T7]v ttoXiv avTrjv OeacracrOe ottolol ev Te Tot? KOivoh kcu 
ev rot? iBlois. Arj/jboaca /uuev tolvvv ol/coBofJL7)fj,aTa teal 
KaXXr] ToiavTa Kai TocravTa Korea Kevacrav rj/jblv lepcov 
icai tcov ev tovtois avadrj/jiaTcov, coaTe fiTjBevl tcov eiri- 

26 yiyvojxevcov inrepfloXrjv XeXelcf)6ai • iBia S' ovtco ctco- 
eppoves rjaav Kai acpoBpa ev tco t^? iroXiTeias rjdec 
fie'vovTeSy coaTe tijv ApiaTeiBov Kai tt]v MikTidBov kcu 
tcov TOTe XapiTTpcov OLKiav et ta? apa olBev v/jlcov biroia 



(3) OAYN0IAKO2 T. 29 

7ror eaTiv* opa r??? rof yeiTOVos ovoev crepLVorepav 
ovcrav. Ov yap et? irepiovaiav eirpaTjero avrol? tcl 
T77? TroXecos, aXXa to kolvov av^eiv e/caaro^ coeTO helv. 
Etc Se tov ra /xev .'EXXrjvifca iricnco^, tcl 8e 7rpo? rou? 
6eovs ei/<re/3aj?, tcl S" 1 ev avrols Icrcos Bioucelv, jJLeyaXrjv 
€LfcoTa><; 6KTr]crapTO evcaipLoviav. 

Tore pLev Brj tovtov tov rpoirov elye to- irpaypLara 27 
efcetvots, %pwjJLevoL<; ot9 evirov irpoararac^ • vvvi be 7rw9 

36 7?/£tZ/ V7TO TCOV Xpr\GTCOV TCOV VVV TCL TTpdyfiaTCL 6^€L ,* 

Apa ye opioid)? kcli, 7rapairXr]o-ico<; ; Kao t<x piev aXXa 

GICOTTCO, IToXX CLV e^COV €L7T€LV * aXX OCT??? CLTTaVTe? OpCLTG. 

eprj/jbias e7rei\r)pLpLe'voi,, tcau Aa/cedaipLovicov /xev airoXcoXo- 
tcov, Qr){3aicov 8 aa^pXcov ovtcov, tcov 6 aXXcov ovSevos 
ovtos a^co^peo) irepl tcov irpcoTeicov 7]plv clvtitcl^cio-Ocu, 
e£bv o° rjfuv fcal tcl rjpLerep avTcov acrcpaXcos e^eiv kcu 
ra tcov aXXcov BiKaia fipafieveiv, direaTep^pbeOa piev 28 
ywpa<$ oLfceca?, irXeico 6 rj ^iXta nai irevTaicocna rd- 
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(TV/jL/ia^ov? €KT7]crdjuL€0a } €ipv t v7]<; ovcrrjs aTroXcoXeicacTiv 
ovtoi, e%6pov 6° ecf) r)pLa<; avTOv? ttiXlkovtov r)o~fcr}fcapLev. 
'\ET (ppacraTco Tt? epLol irapeXOcov, irdOev aXXodev io-)(ypo<z 
yeyovev 77 irap r)pLcov clvtcov QiXiinros. AXX , co tclv, 29 
el ravTa cpavXcos, tcl y ev avTy tt) nroXet vvv 

a /ie ivov ex ei ' at ro av et7reLV TL S e X ot * ^ a? 

€7raXi;et,<; a? fcovicopLev, /ecu tcl? 6Sov<? a? eTricr/chfa^opuev, 

kclI Kpr\vas, fcal Xrjpovs ; AiropXe^aTe 077 irpos tov 5 

ravTa TroXbTevopLevovs, cov ol p,ev e/c irTcoy^v ttXqvctiqi 
3* 



30 AHMO20ENOY2 * (3) 

yeyovatriv, ol 8' ef dBdtjcov evTi/ioi, evioi Be ra<; iBia? 
ot/aa? tcov Brj/jboalcov oiKoBo/jbrj/jiaTcov aepuvoTepa^ eicrl 
fcaT€<TK€ua<j \xevoi, baco Be ra Trj<i TroXecos eXaTTco yeyove, 

TOCTOVTCp TCI TOVTCOV 7)vtjr)TCU. 

30 Ti Br) to irdvTcov clltiov tovtcov, feat ti Brj iroTe 
airavT el^e KaXcos tot6 kcu vvv ovk op6co$ ; Otl to 
fiev irpcoTOV kcu LTTpaTevetrOai toXjjlcov ai/ro? 6 Br}/j.o<; 
BecT7r6T7)<; tcov 7roXiTevop,evcov rjv kcu fcvptos clvtos drrdv- 
tcov tcov ayaOcov, Kai ayarrrjTOV rjv irapd tov Br]/iov 
tcov aXXcov eKacTTCp kcu TLfir}? kcu (ipxn^ K( * L dyaOov 

31 tlvos fieTaXaftelv ' vvv Be tovvclvtiov Kvpioi fiev ol ttoXi- 37 
TevdfJbevoL tcov ayaOcov, kcu Bid tovtcov diravTa irpaTTe- 
tcu, vfiels B 6 Br}fjLo<; eKvevevpicr/xevoi kcu TrepiTjpTj/jLe'voi 
yjpi)lxaTa Kai o-v/jLp,a%ov<; ev vTrrjpeTOV kcu Trpocr6r\KT)<$ 
fxepei yeye'v7)cr0e, ayaircovTes edv /i€TaBiBcocri OecopiKcov 
vfuv 7] j3o7]Bpofiia irepdfcocriv ovtol, kcu to irdvTtov 
avBpeiOTdTOv, tcov vfieTepcov clvtcov %dpiv TrpocrocpeiXeTe. 
Oi B ev avTrj tt) rroXei KaOeip^avTes tyta? eirayovaiv 
eiTi tclvtcl kcu TiOaaevovai %eipor)0eis avTois TroiovvTes. 

32 Ectti B ovBeiroT , ol/xai, fie'ya Ktu veaviKov cppovrj/bia 
Xa/3eiv fitKpa Kai cpavXa TrpciTTOVTas • oirol aTTa yap 
av Ta eiriT^BevfiaTa tcov avQpcoircov f), toiovtov avdyKT) 
Kai to cppovrjfxa eyeiv. TavTa, fia ti]V Ar\p,7)Tpa, ovk 
av 6avfiacrai/jLi, ei puei^cov eiirovTi efxoi yevoiTO Trap v/jlcov 
fiXafST] tcov ireiTOiTjKOTCov avTa yeveaOai • ovBe yap 
Trapprjcria Trepl iravTcov aei Trap vplv eaTiv, aXX eytoyt 
otl Kai vvv yeyove Oavaa^co. 



(3) 0AYN9IAK02 T. 31 

Eav ovv aXXa vvv y ere diraXXayevTe? tovtg>v tcov 33 
edcov e0€\rj(T7}r€ arpareveaOal re kclL irpdrretv dgto)? 
v^cov avrwv, Kai tcu<$ irepiovala^ tol<; olkol ravrais 
afopfAcus eiri, rd ego) tcov dyaOcov XprjarrjaOe, l'ctcos dv, 
to-cos, (o avBpe? AOrjvaloL, reXeidv tl teat, fie'ya ktt\- 
crcuo-06 ayaOov, kclL tcov tolovtcov Xrj/jLfiaTcov diraXXa- 
yeirjre, a tols aaOevovaL irapd tcov larpcov ctltlol? BlBo- 
lievoLS eoiice ' /ecu yap our Icr^yv eicelva evrlO^crtv ovr 
a-Kodvr](jKeiv ea. Kai ravra, a vefiecrOe vvv v/xei?, ovre 
rocravra eciTLV cocTTe cocpeXeLav e%eLV TLvd StapKr}, ovr 
airoyvovras aXXo tl irpdrreiv ea, aXX! ears, ravra rrjv 
efcacrTOv paOvfxiav v/jlcov eirav^dvovra, 
38 Ov/covv o-v fiiadocpopdv Xeyet? ; $r\creL rt?. 34 
Kau irapa-^prjfid ye ttjv avrrjv avvra^iv d-rravTcov, co 
avSpes AOrjvaloL, tva tcov kolvcov efcao~TOs to pepo? 
Xafifidvcov, orov BeoLTO r) ttoXl?, tovO* virdp^oL. "E%e- 
o-Tiv dyeiv ^crv^av ; Olkol puevcov fteXrlcov, tov Bl 
evBeLav avdyicr) tl nroLelv alcr^pov dwrfSXayfjievo^. 

ZVflftaLVeL TL T0L0VT0V olov ICOL Ta VVV ; %TpaTLCOT7]$ 

avro<; virapyjov airo tcov avrcov tovtcov Xrj/jL/ndTcov, w? 
irep eo-TL BLKaLov virep Trjs TraTplBos. "EctTv tl? egco 
t?5? rjXL/cias r)/jLwv ; "Ocra ovto? aTaKTcos vvv Xa/nj3d- 
vwv ov/c cocpeXei, Tavr ev Icrrj TageL Xa/ji/3aveTco irdvr 
ecpopSv KaL Blolkcov a %pr) nrpaTTecrOaL. "OXcos Be ovr 35 
acpeXcov ovre irpocrOeis ttXtjv [iLicpcov, ttjv aTa^lav dve- 
Xcov et? Tafyv rjyayov tt\v ttoXlv ttjv avTrjv tov Xaftelv y 
tov crTpaTeveo~6aL, tov Blku^lv, tov iroLelv tovO' o tl 



32 AIIM029EN0Y2 OAYN0IAKO2 I\ (3) 

kclQ^ rfkiKtav eKaaTos e^ov tcai brov /caipos €Lrj, ra^tv 
7T0LJ]cra<;. Ovtc earcv ottov f^rjBev iroiovaiv eyco ra tqov 
ttolovvtcov elTrov W? Bel ve/xecv, ovB avrovs fiep apyeiv 
Kol <T')(oXd%€iv kcli diropeiv, on Be 01 rod Seovos vikoxji 
tjevoL, ravra irvvOdveaOai, • ravra yap vvvi yiyverai. 

30 Kal ov%l /jLejjb(j)OfiaL rov rroiovvra ri twv Beovrcov virep 
v/iwv, aWd kol vfia? virep vjjlcov avrcov a^tw irpdrruv 
ravra e(f) oh erepovs rifiare, Kai fir) irapa^copelvt co 
av$p€$ AOrjvaloi, rrjs rd^ew^, rjv v/jlcv ol rrpoyovoi rrjs 
aperrjs jiera iroXkwv Ka\ tcaXwv klvSvvcov Krijcrdfievoi 

" KarekiTTOv. 

2x e ^ 0V eiprj/ca a vofjLifo avjM^epeiv ■ v[iei^ S' eXoicrde 
b re Kal rrj iroXei Kal diraai avvoiaeiv v/ilv fieWei, 



AHM0XQEN0T2 

rata $iAinnor a. 



40 El jjl€v Trepl kcuvov tivo? nrpayfiaTO^ 7rpovTi0€ro, ] 
a) avBpes AOrjvaioi, \eyeiv, eirca^cov av eco? ot ifkelo'Toi . 
tcov etcodoTcov yvcofirjv a7r€<$>r\vavT0, €i fjiev rjpeo-fce tl fioi 

TCOV V7T0 TOVTCOV pTjdeVTCOV, T)CTV)^laV CLV TffOV, €1 Be fl7], 

tot av avTos eTTeLptofx^v a yiyvcoo-fcco Xe'yeiv • 67T€iBr) Be 
virep cbv TroWa/as eipr\Kacnv ovtol vrpoTepov crv^aivei 
tcai vvvi gkottuv, rjyovjmac kcli TrpcoTos avaaTas ei/coTco? 
av avyyvcofir)? Tvyyaveiv. El yap e/c tou Trapekr^Xv- 
Ootos yjpovov ra BeovTa ovtol crvve{3ov\evcrav, ovBev av 
vfias vvv eBec fiovkeveaOai. 

npcoTov fjuev ovv ovk advfjL7}T€ov, co avBpes '■ 'AOrjvaiot, 2 
tols irapovcn irpay/juaaiv, ovB et iravv cpavXcos eyeiv 
Bo/cel. L yap €o~tl ^eipiaTov avToov e/c tov 7rape\7]- 

XvOoTOS yjpOVOV, TOVTO 7TpO$ TCL fXeWoVTa /3e\TlGTOV 

vrrapyei. 1 o ovv eo~TC tovto ; Utc ovoev, co avbpes 
AOrjvaloL, tcov BeovTcov ttolovvtcov v/jlodv Kafcax; to, 



1 /»' A 

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TOVTCOV OVTCOS el%€V, OvB (IV e\77Y9 V\V aVTCL /3e\Tl(0 



34 AHM029EN0Y2 (4) 

3 yevecrdai. "Eireira evOv^reov uai Trap dXXcov d/cov- 
ovai /col Tot? elBoaiv avrols dvafUfJ,vr)o-fcofj,evoi<;, ^Xlktjv 
hot I^ovtwv Bvvap.iv Aa/ceBatfiovicov, e£ ov %poVo9 ov 
ttoXvs, co? koXw kol irpoG-rjfcoVTW ovBev dvdfyov vfxeh 
eirpd^are rfj<s iroXem, dXX* vTrefielvare virep twv Bc- 
fcalcov tov irpos efcelvovs iroXefiov. Tlvos ovv eve/can 
tclvtcl Xeyco ; "Iv elBrjTe, w avBpes 'AOrjvatoL, kol 
OedarjaOe on ovBev ovre (pvXaTTO/xevo^ vplv earl c/>o/3e- 
pov ovr, av oXtycoprjre, tolovtov olov av vfiels fiov- 
\r)(T0€, irapaBeLyfxaai ^pcofievoc ry Tore pd>fu>y tcov 
AaxeBaipLovlcov, rjs eKpareore e/e tov TTpoae-^eiv rot? 
irpdy/JLaat, tov vovv, kcll tt\ vvv v/3pec tovtou, Be rjv 
raparrofieOa etc tov pur^Bev (frpovTC^eiv <bv eyjpr\v. 

4 El Be rt? vficov, co dvBpe? A6r)valoL, BvaTroXe/XTjTov 
oleTCLi tov QiXittttov elvai, GKOITWV TO T6 ttXyjOos TTj? 
virapyovarj^ avT(p ovvafiecos icai to tci ycopua nravra 
airoXcoXevai 777 iroXei, opOax; fiev oieTai, Xoyco-aaOco 
jjuevTOi tov9\ oti et^pfiev iroTe ?][ie2<;, co avBpe? 'Adrj- 
vaioi, TIvBvav kcli HoTiBaiav kcli MeOojvrjv /cat, ttuvtcl 

TOV TOITOV TOVTOV OL/CeloV KVkX(0, KCLI TToXXci T(OV fieT 

e/cecvov vvv bvrcov eOvcov avTOvopovfieva kcli eXevOepa 
vTTTjp^e tcai fiaXXov 7)jmv eftovXeT eyeiv ot/ce/co? ?) \etvw. 

5 Ei TOLVVV ^lXlTTTTO^ T0T6 TaVTTjV ea^€ T1]V yVte/JLTJV, Gl>$ 

^aXenrov TroXe/xelv eo~Tiv AOrjvatot^ eyovai togclvtcl 
eiriTei^Lo-fiaTa tt}? avTov %wpa? eprj/iov ovtcl avpLLid- 
%(0V, ovBev av d)V vvvi ireTroirjKev eirpa^ev, ovBe Toaav- 
T7)v eKTT\craTo Bvva/XLV. 'AXX' elBev, w dvBpe? 'AOq- 



(4) KATA $IAiniIOY A. 35 

vaioiy rovro KaXcos eKelvos, on ravra puev eartv airavra 
ra ycopia aOXa rov iroXefiov Kei\xeva ev fieaco, cpvcret B 
vrrapyei rots irapovai ra rcov arrovrcov kcli toIs ede- 
Xovcri rrovelv Kal KtvBvveveiv ra rcov afieXovvrcov. Kcu 6 



yap roc ravrr) xpr)cra/j,evo<; rrj yvcop,rj iravra Karearpa- 

TTTCLl KCLI e%€C, TO, /JL€V &>? CCV eXcOV Tt? €%0C TToXepLCp, TCL 

42 Be av/JL/jua^a Kal cpcXa irocrjaapbevo^ • Kal yap crvfjifia^elv 
kcu rrpocreyecv rov vovv toutols eOeXovacv airavres, ou? 
av opcoac rrapecrKevao-^evov^ kclc rrparrecv ede\ovra<$ a 

' Av rocvvv, co avBpes AOrjvaloc, Kal vp,ecs errc t?}? 7 
roiavT7}<z e6eXr]ar)re yeveaOac yvcofir^ vvv, eirecBriirep ov 
irporepov, Kac eKaaros v/jccov, ov Bee Kal Bvvacr av 
rrapaa^elv avrov %pr)cTC[Aov rrj rroXec, iracrav acpels rrjv 
ecpcovecav eroc/xos 7rparreiv vrrap^rj, 6 pcev ^pr]fiar e^cov 
ecacpepecv, 6 B ev rfKcKca, arpareveaOac, — crvveXovrc B 
drrXcos rfv vjacov avrcov eOeXrjarjre yeveaOac kcu irav- 
crr]a6e avros fiev ovBev e/ca<xTO? rroc^crecv eXirc^cov, rov 
Be TrXrjcrcov rravO virep avrov irpaijecv, Kac ra vpcerep 
avrcov KopccelcrOe, av Oeos OeXrj, kol ra KareppaOv/jcrj/jce'va 
rraXcv avaXi^eaOe, KUKelvov rc/jLcopqcrecrOe. Mr] yap 8 
co? Oeco vo/jLt^er eKeivcp ra rrapovra rreirrjyevac rrpay/jba- 
ra aOdvara, aXXa Kal /jcccrec res eKelvov Kai BeBcev, co 
avBpes ' A07]valoi, Kac cpOovel, Kac rcov iravv vvv Bokovv 
rcov ol/ce/co? eyecv kcli airavO baa rrep Kai ev aXXoc? 
rcalv av6po)7TOt<; eve, ravra kuv Tot? fier eKeivov ^pr) 
vopLL^eiv evelvac. Kareirrrj^e pcevroc iravra ravra vvv, 



30 AHMO20ENOY2 (4) 

ovk e^ovr a7roaTpo(f>r)v Blcl rrjv vfierepav ^paBvrrjra 
koI paOvfMiav, i]V diroOeadai (frrjfii Belv rjBrj. 

c Opare yap, w dvBpes 'AO^valoL, to irpaypLa, ol 
irpoeXi)Xv6ev daeXyelas a'vOpcoTro*;, b? ovB aipeaiv vfuv 
BlSqhti tov TTpaTTew rj ayeiv rjcrv^tav, aXX aTreCkei Kai 
Xoyovs vir€p7](j)dvov^, w? §acri, Xeyeo, kcu, ov% oio? eariv 
e^wv a KarecrTpaTrrac fievetv em tovtcov, aXX aei ti 
TrpoaTrepifiaXkeTCLi kcll kvkXg) izavTayrj fieXXovTa? 97/za? 43 

10 kcll KadrjfjLevov? TTepLaro^i^eraL. Hot ovv, co avBpe<; 
*A6rjvaioL, 7rore a %pr) wpd^ere ; EireuBav to yevrjTcu ; 
'ETrecSdv vr) AT dvdy/cr) fj. Nvv Be ti ^(prj tcl 
yLyvd/xeva rjyetadaL ; Eyco fiev yap OLOfiai rot9 eAeu- 
Oe'pois ixeylaTriv dvdyfcrjv Ti]v virep twv TrpayfxaTWV 
ala^vvrjv elvat. *H ftovXecrOe, eLire /jlol, irepLLovTes av- 
twv irvvOdveo-Oai' AeyeTal tl kcllvov ; TevoiTO yap 
av tl KaivoTepov 7) Ma/ceBcov avr)p AOrjvaLOVS KaTairo- 

XefJLWV KCil TCL TCOV ' EXXr\V(OV BlOLKGOV ; Te0v7JK6 $ /- 

ii\t7T7ro?; Ov pua Al , aXX a a Bevel, TV B v/jllv 
BLacpe'peo ; Kal yap av ovtos tl irddr], ra^ea)? vfiels 
eTepov ^lXlttttov TroL7]creTe, avirep ovtco irpoae^Te rot? 
irpaypuaaL tov vovv • ovBe yap ovto? irapa tt]V clvtov 
pa)/i7]v ToaovTov e7T7]vgr)TaL bcrov irapa tt]V rjfieTepav 

12 d/ieXeiav. KahoL kcll tovto * el tl irdOoi kcll tcl tt;? 
Tf^? tj/jllv, rfirep aeL fieXTLov if r)/j,ei<; tj/jlwv avTcov eiTL- 
fieXovfieOa, Kai tovt e^epyaaaoTo, Lad otl ttXtjo-lov 
fiev ovt€<;, airaaiv av tols Trpayp,ao~L TeTapayfievoL? 
e7rLo~TavT€<s oVa)? (SovXeaOe BooLK^craLaOe, a>9 Be vvv 



(4) RATA siAinnoY A. 37 

e^ere, ovBe BiBovtcov tcov fcaipwv A/jlc^lttoXlv Be^aaOat 
Bvvacad av, dirr/pTr/fjuevot /ecu rat? Trapacricevals icat, 
rat? yvco/xais. 

\f2? fxev ovv Bel ra irpocrr}Kovra iroielv edeXovTas 13 
virdp^etv airavTas eTOifxcos, cos eyvco/coTcov v/xcov teal 
Treireiajxevcov, Travofxai Xeycov > rov Be Tpoirov Trjs ira- 
pao-/cevr}<; r)v airdKXa^ai av tcov tolovtcov irpayfJuaTcov 
TjfjLa? olo/jlcu, Kctl to TrXrjOos bcrov, real iropovs ovcrTivas 
Xprjfidrav, real TaXXa cos av fioo /3e\rtaTa Kai ra^tara 
8o/ce2 TrapacFKevaaOrjvai, icai Brj ireipao-opLai Xeyeiv, 
44 Berjdeh v/ulcov, <w dvBpes 'AOrjvaloi, toctovtov. EireiBdv 14 
airavra dfcovcrrjre, Kptvare, ftr) irporepov irpoXafi^avere • 
firjB^ av ef dp^rjs Bo/cco tivl Kaivr\v irapatrtcevriv Xeyeiv, 
avaftaXXecv fie ra irpayfiara r)yelcr0co. Ov yap ol 
Ta%v teal TTjfiepov euirovTes fiaXicrTa et? Beov Xe- 
yovcriv (ov yap av rd ye rjBrj yeyevrj/ieva ry vvvl 
fiorjOelq KcoXvaac BvvrjOeLrjfiev^, aX)C o? av Belgr/ t/? is 
TropiaOelcra irapacncevT) tcac ttogt] /cat iroOev Btafxelvau 
BvvrjcreTai, ecos av rj BtaXvcrcofjueda TreicrOevTes rov TroXe- 
fiov r] irepiyevwpLeOa tcov eyQpcov » ovtco yap ov/ceri tov 
Xonrov 7raa^0L/iev av /cafccos. Olfxai tolvvv eyco ravra 
Xeyeiv e^euv, firj kcoXvcov eo tos aXXos e7rayyeXXeral ti. 
H pev ovv vwoo-^eens ovtco fieyaXr/, to Be irpayfjua 
7]Brj tov eXeyxpv Bcoaec* KptTal S' vfiels ecreaOe. 

UpcoTov fjuev tolvvv, co avBpes Adrjvalot, Tpir]pets \b 
7revT7]K0VTa Trapacr/cevdcrao-dal cprj/ju Belv, elt avTovs 
ovtco ra? yvco/ias e^ecv cos, eav ti Bey], irXevaTeov eis 



38 AHM029EN0Y2 (4) 

ravTCis avrols e/Mpaaiv. IIpos Be rovrois, roh rjfucreo-i 

t / r \ f \ ~ t \ y 

rcov iirirewv irnraycoyovs rpcripets kcli irKoua ucava ev- 
17 rpeirlaai KeXevco. Tavra [lev olfiai Belv vrrapy^eiv em 
Ta? iljatyvT]? rav7a$ arro tt}? oiKeias ^copa<; avrov 
crrparelas el? Uu\a? teal Xeppovrjcrov Kal OXvvOov 
Kal ottol (SovXerai ■ Bel yap eKecvw rovro ev rrj yvcofirj 
Trapaa-rrjaat, &>? v/xel^ e/c rrjS a/xeXeia? tclutt]? ttjs ayav, 
cocrirep eU Evftotav Kal rrporepov rrore (fracriv et? AXc 
aprov kcli ra reXevrala rrpcdrjv et? HvXas, lctcos av 
13 opfiriq-aiTe. Ovroi rravreXm ovB* eu /xtj rroi^o-air av 45 
rovro, a>? eycoye (prj/M Belv, evKara^povrjrov eoriv, Iv 
r) Bed rov cfroftov elBcos evrperrel^ vjid? {elaeraL yap 
aKpi^w^' elo~l yap, eicriv ol rrdvr egayyeXXovre? eiceivto 
wap rjfjLcov avrcov rrXelovs rov Be'ovros), rjav^iav eyrj, 
rj TraptBcov Tavra dcpvXaKro? XrjipOrj, jjLTjBevos ovros 
efjLiroBcQV rrXelv errl rrjv e/cetvov %(opav vpuv, av evBco 
Kaipov. 

19 Tavra fie'v eanv a iv,dai BeBoyOac <$7]/jli, Belv teat 
TrapecncevaaOat rrpocr^Keiv ol\xai • rrpo Be rovrcov Bvva- 
jJLLV rtva, a> avBpes A07]valoi, cprj/u rrpoyeipiaadOai Belv 
vfias, 7] (Twe^cD? rroXefirjo-ei, Ka\ fca/cax; etcelvov rroir\(Tei. 
Mr] fioc fivpiov? fxrjBe Bccr/jLvptov? %evov<;, firjBe. rets 
ernaroXtfjuacov^ ravra<; Bwa/ieis, d\X' r) rrjs 7r6Xeco$ 
ecrrai, kglv u/xet? eva kclv rrXecovs fchv rov Belva kclv 
ovrivovv ^eLporovriayre arparijyov, rovrw rreiaerai kcli 
aKo\ov6j]aret. Kal rpocfi-qv ravrrj rroplaai KeXevco. 

20 Earai B avrt] t/? r) Bwa/jLt,? Kal ttoctt), Kal iroQev rrjv 



(4) RATA $iAinnoY A. 39 

TpO<f)r)V €%6l, KOL 7T<W? TCLVT €0€X7]O~€t 7T0L61V ', EyCO 

cppaaco, ica6* eKaaTov tovtcov Bcegicov %copis. aevovs 

jM€V XeyCO KCLL 07Tft)? [17] Tr0t,7]<T7)T€ TOvO O TToXXaiClS 

v/u,d$ eftXa-fyev (rrdvT eXaTTco vofxi^ovTes elvac tov 
BeovTOS, Kal rd fieycar ev Tot? yfrrjcpLcr/xao-iv aipovpLevoi, 
eirl tco irpdneiv ovBe rd /jutcpd Troielre), aXXa ra fictcpd 
7roi7]<rai>T€S Kal iroptcravTes tovtols TTpoaTtOeTe, av 
eXaTTco cpaivrjTai,, — Xeyco Br] tovs nravra^ arpariwra^ 21 
8(,o"%c\iov$; tovtcov Be AOrjvatovs $7)1x1 Belv elvac irevTa- 
koctlovS) eg 779 av twos vjucv rjXcKcas KaXcos e^ecv Bo/cfj, 
j^povov Ta/cTov crTpaTevofjuevovs, fir] [xaKpov tovtov, aXX 
bcrov av BoktJ- Ko\to<; e^ecv, 6K BcaBo'yrjs aXXrjXocs • tov<$ 
46 B aXXovs gevovs elvac KeXevco. Kac fieTa tovtcov 
£7T7rea? Bcafcocriovs, Kal tovtcov irevTrjKovTa Adrjvacovs 
TovkayicTTOv, cocnrep tov<$ 7re£bu9, tov avTov Tpoirov 
crTpaTevo/jLevovs * Kai 'cirizaycoyovs tovtocs. Elev * tc 22 
tt/309 tovtols 6tl ; Ta^ecas t per] pecs BeKa. A ec yap, 
€ X°^ T0< ? eicecvov vavTCKov, Kac Tayeccov Tpcr\pcov tj/jllv, 
07Tft)9 acrcf>a\co<; r] Bvvap.cs irXer). UoOev Br] tovtocs rj 
Tpocpr) yevT}creTac ; Eyco Kac tovto cjypacrco Kal Becgco, 
eirecBav, Bcotc TrfkiKavTrjv aiTo^prjv ol/juac ttjv Bwapucv 
Kai iroXcTas tovs crTparevofievovs elvac KeXevco, BcBdgco. 

ToaavT7]v [lev, c5 dvBpes 'AOrjva'coc, Bid TavTa, otc 23 
ovk eve vvv rj/julv iropccraaOac Bvvapuv Ti)v eicecvcp irapa- 
TagofJLevrjv, aXXa XrjcrTevecv avayicrj icdi tovtco tco Tpdrrco 
tov 7roXefjLov yjy?\o-6ai ttjv 7rpcoT7]v • ov tolvw virepoyKov 
avTrjv (ou yap ecni ficcrOos ovBe Tpocjn]), ovBe iravTeXcos 



-10 A H M O 2 9 E N O Y 2 (4) 

TCL7reivi]V elvac Bel. JToXn-a? Be irapelvat kcll avfiirXelv 
Bed ravra KeXevco, otl Kal irporepov ttot ukovg) geviKov 
rpecpeiv ev Kopivda) Ti]v ttoXlv, ov UoXvarparos rjyeoTO 
Kal 'Icpircpdrris /ecu Xafipta? Kal dXXoi rives, Kat, avrovs 
21 vfias avarpareveaOai • Kal olBa a/covcov otl AatceScu- 
fioviovs 7raparaTTOfievoi fieO vpicov eviKcov ovtol ol gevoc 

v e ~ * ■> i 'XT'*- ? £>» » v /}» ' v % 

teat, v/jbecs /xer efceevcov. J&£ ov o avra kclu aura ra 
Ijevifca v/jllv o-TpCLTeverai, tou? (piXovs viKa teat row? 
avfifia^pv^i ol o° e%dpol fiei&vs tov BeovTO? yeyovacriv. 
Kal TrapcucvtyavTCL eirl tov rrjs TroXecos TroXepLOV, irpos 
Aprdfta^ov Kal iravra^ol fxaXXov oiyejai irXeovTa, 6 Be 
arparr]yo<i aKoXovOel, eucoTcos • ov yap earcv dpyeiv 47 
jat) BiBovra /jllctOov. 

25 Tl ovv iceXeva) ; Ta$ Trpocfrdoreis afaXeiv Kal tov 
o-rparrjyov Kal rwv arparccorcov, paaOov iropiaavras koI 
G-rparLwras oifceiovs coenrep eiroirras rcov aTpaTr]yov[ii- 
vq)v nTapaicaTaa-TT)o-avTa<$, eirel vvv ye yeXws eaO' &>? 
XpoifxeOa toIs irpayixacriv. El ydp epoiTo Tt? ty^a?, 
Etpr]vr)v ayere, w avBpes 'AOrjvaioi ; Ma AT 
0V X 7 // x6 ^ 7 € > ghtoct civ, aXXd ^lXIitttw 7roA,e- 

20 /jbovfiev. Ovk e^eipoTovetre Be eg v/jlcov avrcov Beica ra- 
& a PX 0V *> KaL GTpaTijyovs tcai (pvXap^ovs Kal lirirdp^ovs 
Bvo ; Tl ovv ovtol ttoiovglv ; IlXrjV eVo? dvBpds, ov 
av €K7re/xyjr7]re em tov rroXejiov, ol XolttoI to.? Trofurd^ 
7rep.7rovaiv vfxiv puera rwv lepoiroccov • (aairep yap ol 
TrXaTTovres tov? Trifkivovs, et? tt)v dyopdv ^eiporovelre 
roi/? Ta%iupxov<; Kal tov? c^vXap^ov;, ovk eirl tov 7ro\e- 



(4) KATA $iAinnoY A. 41 

fjbov. Ov yap e^prjv, to avBpe<; ' AOrjvalot, Ta^tap^ov^ 27 
Trap vficov, \irirapyov Trap vficov ap^ovra^ ouceiovs 
elvai, tv r)v &>? aXrjOcos t?}<? TroXeco^ rj Svva/jus ; AXX 
6t9 fiev Arj/jbvou tov Trap v/jlcov iTrTrap^ov Bel TrXelv, tcov 
B virep tcov tt}? iroXecos KTrj/xarcov aycovitpyuevcov Meve- 
Xaov liiTrapyeLv ; Kal ov tov avBpa fieficpo/jLevos ravra 
Xeyco, aXX vcj) v/jlcov eBet Ke^eipOTOvrj/ievov etvat tovtov, 



t/ >\ T 

ocTt? av rj. 



Icrcos Be Tavra /lev opdco? r/yelcrOe XeyeaOai, to Be 28 
tcov Xprj/AaTcov, Trocra koL iroOev karat, /xaXiGTa tto- 
Oelre aKovcrat. Tovto Btj koi irepacvco. Xprj/iaTa 
tolvvv, ecrTi /iev r] Tpo<f>j], aiTr/pecnov rrj Bvva/iei ravrij, 
rakavra evevrj/covTa koi /xitcpov ti irpos, Beica fiev vavcri 
48 Ta^e/at? rerrapa/covra TuXavra, eucocriv a? tt/v vavv 
fivac tov fjLTjvo? €fcao~Tov, GTpaTi(x)7ai<$ Be BicryCXiQis 
rocravd erepa, Iva Beica rov /jltjvos 6 o-rpartcorr]^ Bpa- 
yj/ias o~LT7)pecnov Xa/ijBavr/, rot? B iTTTrevcrt Bia/cocrloi$ 
ovcnv, eav Tpiaicovra Bpa^/ia? e/cao"TO? Xa/iftavr/ rov 
pyvos, BcoBe/ca raXavra. El Be Tt? oierai [liicpav 29 
acf>opfjL7)v etvat, GLTr/pecrtov to2<z aTparevofxevoi^ virapyetv, 
ov/c opOcos eyvcofcev • eyco yap olBa aacpcos oti, tovt av 
yevrjTat, irpocnropiel ra \onra avio to GTparev/ia airo 
tov TToXe/jiov, ovBeva tcov EXXtjvcov aBtxovv ovBe tcov 
av/i/xa^cov, coctt eyeiv /jllctOov evTeXrj. Eyco av/LTrXecov 
eOeXovTTjs iracr^ecv otlovv eTOL/ios, eav fir/ TavO ovtco<$ 
eyr/. TloOev ovv 6 iropos tcov ypr//iaT(ov, a Trap v/jlcov 
KeXevco yevecrOai, tovt r/Br/ Xe%co. 



42 AHM026EN0Y2 (4) 

nOPOT AIIOAEIBIZ. 

so *A fiev ovv rjfiels, a> dvBpes 'Adrjvaloc, 8e8vv7)fie6a 
evpecv, ravrd Igiiv • eireiBdv 8 eTTL^eLpoTovrjre ra? 
yvcofias, a ay vplv dpe'crtcr) yeipoTOvr^aeje, iva fir) fiovov 
ev rot? -^rrjcplcr fiacre kcu ev rah einaroXal^ TroXe/irjre 
$L\i7nrq), aX\d zeal tois epyots. 

31 AoKeire Be fioi iroXv (SeXriov av rrept rov iroXefiov 
kcu oXrj? rrjs irapcKTKevrjS f3ovXevcraa6at, et rov to7tov, 
c5 dvBpes 'AOrjvcuoi, rrjs %wpa?, irpos ryv iroXefielre, 
evOvfirjOetrfre, kcli Xoyiaatade ore toIs irvevfiaat, kcu 
Tat? copcus rov erov<; rd iroXXa 7rpoXafi(3avcov Biairpar- 
rerai $l\i7nro? kcu <£u\afa? tou? errjenas rj rov yei- 
fitova eiri^etpely rjviK av rjfieh fir) BvvatfieOa eKelae 

32 dfyiKeaOcu. Aei rolvvv ravr evOvfiovfievovs fir) fior)- 
Oeicus iroXefielv (vcnepiovfiev yap diravTwv), aXXa ira- 49 
pacrKevrj o-vve^ei kcu Bvvdfiei. 'Tirapyei B bfiLv xeifia- 
Blw fiev yjpr\(jQai rf) Bvvafiei Ar)fivw kcu Qaaco Kat 
XkuWco koi rats ev tovto) ra> toitco vrjerots, ev ah 
Kat, Xtfieve? Kat crlros Kat a yjpi) crrparevfiarL iravQ* 
virapyei ■ tt)v o° copav rov erovs, ore koi irpos rf) yrj 
yevecrOai paBiov kat, to tow 7rvevfiarcov acrcpaXe's, irpos 
avrrj rrj ywpa Kat, 7rpo<; rots rcov efiiropccov crrofiacrt 
paBtcos karat. 

33 l A fiev ovv xpriaerai Ka\ irore rrj Bvvdfiei, irapd rov 
Kaipov o rourcov Kvpios Karacrra^ v<p vfiwv (BovXevcre- 
rac • a B vrrap^at Bel trap vjicov, ravr ecrrlv a eyco 



(4) RATA $uinnoY A. 43 

yeypac^a. *Av tclvtcl, co avBpes AOrjvaioi, iropia^re tcl 
Xprj/jLara irpcoTOV a Xeyco, elra kcu raXXa irapaaKevd- 
cravTes, tovs crTpaTLcoTas, t<z? TptrjpeLS, toi/? liriria^, 
evreXrj iraaav ttjv BvvafiLV vofico KaraKXeicrrjre eiri tw 
7roXe/xw fieveiv, tcov /nev ^prj/xarcov avrol rafjuicu Kat, 
7ropi<JTal ycyvofievoi, tcov B\ irpd^ecov irapa rod crrpa- 
Trjyov tov Xoyov ^rjrovvre^, iravcreaQ aei irepl tcov 
avTcov ftovXevo/JuevoL kcu irXeov ovBev 7tolovvt€<;, kcu ere 34 

7TpO$ TOVTCp TTpCDTOV fJL6V, CO CtvBpe? AOrjVCUOl, TOV fli- 

yiarov tcov e/ceivov iropcov acjyaiprjaecrOe. Ecttl B ovtos 
tls ; Airo tcov vfjuerepwv vfuv iroXefiel avfjifjud^wv, 
aycov /cat cpepcov tou? ifkeovra? ttjv Oakartav. Eirevra 

Tt 7T/30? TOVTCp ', ToV TTOLGyeiV CLVTOL KCLKWS 6^0) y€Vr\- 

trecrOe, ov% coenrep tov irapekOovra %povov et? Arj/xvov 
koI 'Ififtpov e/juftaXcov alxfiaXcoTOVs 7ToX/t<x? v/xere'povs 
<PX 6T ^X cov> ^pos T< £ Tepauarcp tcl irXola crvXXaftcov 
afivdrjra xprj/jiaT egeXe^e, tcl Tekevrala et9 Mapadcova 
50 direj3r] kclI ttjv lepdv dirb rrjs ^co^a? cpx er ' e%(ov rptripT], 
vfAeis B ovt€ tclvtcl Bvvaade kcoXvslv ovt et? tovs XP°" 
v^m ov? av wpodrjerde (SorjOeiv. 

KdLTOL TL Br] 7TOT6, CO CLvSp€<; AOrjVCUOL, VO/JLL^€T6 T7]V 35 

fiev tcov IlavaOrjvaLcov kopTiqv kcu tt)v'tcov Aiovvg'lcov 
ail tov kclOtjkovtos xpovov yiyvecrBaiy av re Belvol Xcl- 

XCDCTLV CLV T€ L&LCOTaL 01 TOVTCOV €KaT€pCOV eTTLfJuekovfievoL, 

et? a TocravT ava\L<TK€Tac xP 7 lf iara 0(Ta ov § €L< * €Va 
TCOV aTTOCTToXcOV, KCU TOtTOVTOV o^kov kcu irapacrKevrjv 
bcrr)v ovk olB el tl tcov anravTCOv e^et, tov? 8' dirocrTQ- 



44 AHMO20ENOY2 (4) 

\ou? Travras vfiiv vcrrepi^eiv rcov Kaipcov, rov et? Me6co- 

36 vtjv, rov eU Uayaads, rov eU TIorlBatav ; 'On eiceLva 
p,ev diravra vdfico reraKrat, koli rrpooiBev eKacrros vjjlcov 
€K nroXXov t/? X°P r )y°' i V 7^A t ^ ao "^P%o? rrjs cpvXrjs, 
irore Kal rrapd rov tcai rs Xa/3dvra rt Bel iroielv, ovBep 
ave^eraarov ou6° adptcrrov ev rovrots rj/jLe'Xrjrai, ev Be 
rot? irepl rov TroXepbov kcu rfj tovtov irapaaKevr) dra- 
KTa, dBiopOcora, adpiara diravra. Toiyapovv dpua 
a/CTj/cdafiev ri Kal rpt^pap^ov^ KaOtarapiev kcu tovtol? 
avriBocreis iroiov/j,e0a kcu irepu yjp^arcov iropov <tko- 
irovfiev, kcu puerd ravra ejifBcuveiv tovs pueroiKovs eBo%6 

KCU TOVS %&>/H? OLKOVVTCLS, clr dVTOVS irdXtV aVTefl^L- 

/3d£eiv, elr ev bora) ravra pueXXerai, rrpoairoXcoXev ro 

37 i(f> 6 av eKirXecopbev • rov yap rov nrparrew %povov et? 
to irapaaKevd^eadai avaXiaKOfiev, 00 Be rcov irpaypud- 

. rcov ov fievovcTL Kaipov rr]v rjpuerepav /3paBvrrjra Kal 
elpcovelav. *-4? Be rov pueragv yjpovov Bvvafiei? oldjued* 
t)/jliv virapyew, ovoev otai re ovcrai rroieiv err avrcov 
rcov Kaipcov e^eXeyypvrai. O B et? rovO i>/3pecos 51 
eXrfXvOev coar eiricrreXXeiv Evfioevcrcv rjBrj rotavra^ 
€7rtcrToXa?. 

EIIIZTOAH. 

38 Tovrcov, co ctvBpe? AOrjvaloi, rcov aveyvcoo-fie'vcov 
aXrjOrj puev eari rd iroXXa, a>? ovk eBei, ov /ultjv dX\! 
Icrcos ov% 7]Bea aKoveiv. AXX ei [iev, bcra av rt? 
virepprj rep Xoyco 1 Iva purj Xvirrjar), Kal rd irpdypbara 



(4) KATA <MAIIIIIOY A. 45 

v7rep/3r]o-€Tac f Be2 7rpo? r)Bovr)v Brj/jLTjyopeiv • et B rj tcov 
\oycov %«f»t?, av j) fir] 7TpocT7]KOVcra, epyco fyuta ytyve- 
rat, a\cryjpov earcv, a> avBpes 'Adrjvaioi, cpevafci^eiv 
iavrovs, koI airavr avafiaXko[Aevovs a av fi Bvcr^eprj 
iravTcov varepc^eiv tcov epycov, kcu urjBe tovto BvvaaOat, 39 
fiadelv, ore Bel tov? opOco? iroXeucp xpeoue'vovs ovk a/co- 
XovOelv Tot? Trpdy/JLacriv, aU avTOvs efiTrpoorOev elvai 

TCOV TTpayfJLCLTCOV, KCLL TOV CZVTOV TpOTTOV C0<77T6p TCOV 

o-rparevfidrcov afycoaeiev ti$ av rov a-rparrjyov rjyetcrOai,, 
ovrco /cal tcov irpayixcLTcov tovs ftovXevo/jievovs, Iv a av 
e/ceivoi? Bokyj, TavTa 7rpaTT7]Tai kcu fir] Ta crv/AJSavTa 
avayica^covTai BicoKew. 'Tyu-et9 Be, co ctvBpes AOtjvoiol, 40 
7r\eicrTr)v Bvva/uv clttclvtcov eypvTes, Tpirjpets, 07r\fcT<x?, 
Unreal, Xprj/xaTcov irpoaoBov, tovtcov fiev peyjpi 777? 
Trj/xepov rjfie'pas ovBevl ircoiroTe et? Beov ti Ke'%pr)cr0e, 
ovBev B airoketireTe, coenrep oi Papfiapoi, irvKTevov 
ctiv, ovtco 7ro\e/jLelT€ <&i\c7T7rcp. Kcu yap e/ceevcov 6 
7r\r]yei<; ael t?}? irXriyrj^ e^eTac, kclv eTepcocre 7raTa£r}<;, 
e/celcre eiatv at %6?/oe? • irpo^aXKeaOai B r) pXeireiv 
evavTiov ovt olBev ovt eOeXei. Kcu vuels, eav ev 41 
52 Xeppovr]crcp TrvdrjcrOe ^lXlttttov, eteeicre ftorjOelv ^rjcftl- 
%eo~0e, eav ev IIvXai<;, efcelare, eav aXXoOi iroi, crvuTra- 
paOeoTe avco kcltco, kcil aTpair]yela9e uev vir e/ceivov, 
/BeftovXevaOe B ovBev avTOi ervuepepov irepi tov 7roXe- 
fjbov, ovBe irpo tcov irpayuaTcov irpoopaTe ovBev, irpiv av 
r) +feyevr)fievov r) yiyvouevov ti irvOrjade. 

TavTa B co-cos irpoTepov fiev evrjv • vvv Be eir avTrjv 



46 AHM029EN0Y2 (4) 

42 rjfcet ttjv aKfirjv, war ovket ey^copei. noKei be fiot 
6ecov rt?, c5 avbpes 'AOrjvaloL, roU yiyvofiivois virep rr)<; 
7roXeft)? aio-yyvofievos ttjv fyiXoir -pay 'fioo~vvr)v ravTrjv 
efij3aXelv ^lXlttitw. El yap eywv b KarecrrpaTrraL Kal 
TrpoelXr/cpev r)av^iav e^ecv rjOeXe Kai firjbev eirparrev 
en, airo^prjV evLots vficov av fioi SokgI, ef u>v aLcryyvr)v 
Kal avavbplav Kal iravra ra diayiGTa cocpXrjKore^ av 
r)fiev BrjfiocrLa • vvv b' eniyeipwv aet tlvl Kai rov irXeio- 
vo$ opeyofievos t<x&)? av efCKoXeaaiu vfias, eiirep fir) 

43 iravrairaaiv aireyvwKare. Oavfidfo S' eycoye, ei firj- 
Set? vjjlwv /JLTjT evOvfielrat firjr opyi^erai, opcov, co av- 
Bpe<; AQrrvaloi, ttjv fiev apyj)v rov iroXepuov yeyevrjfievrfv 
irepl rov Ti/jL(op7](Tacr0ai QiXittttov, rrjv Be reXevrrjv 
ovaav rjBrj virep rov fir) TraOelv KaKws vtto <&CKnnrov. 
'i\Xa fjLrjv on, ye ov crTrjo-eraL, BrjXov, et firj Tt? kco- 
Xvo~ei. 

Elra tovt avafievovfiev, Kal rpirjpeLS icevas Kal ras 
irapa rov Belvos eXirtBa^ eav aTroaTetXrjre, iravr eye.LV 

44 oiecrOe koXcos ; Ovk efi{3rjo~ofie0a ; Ovk egi/iev avrol 
fiepei ye nvi crrpaTLwrwv oiKeiwv vvv, et Kal firj nrpd- 
repov ; Ovk eirl rrjv eKelvov irXevaofieOa ; TIol ovv 
7r pocrop fitovfieOa ; Hpero Tt?. Evprjaet ra craOpa, 

w avBpes AOr/vaioL, twv ckclvov 7rpay/idrcov avrb? 6 53 
iroXefios, av eiri^eipwfiev • av fievroi Ka6o)fie0a olkol, 
Xoibopov/ievcoy aKovovres Kai airico/ievcov aXXrjXov? twv 
Xeyovrcov, ovBeiroT ovBev r)filv ov fir) ye'vrjrac twv Bedv- 

45 TQ)V. r Oiroi fiev yap av, olfiac, fiepos re Tr}$ iroXeo)^ 



(4) KATA $iAinnoY A. 47 

crvvairocTTaXf], kclv fir] Traaa, kclc to tcov Oewv evfxeve^ 
kcli 10 rrjs ti^?7? rjfilv avvaywvi^eTai, • oizoi B av o~Tpa- 
Trjyov kcli ^r-qcjacr/JLa icevbv teat t<x? airo tov /3rj/naT0<i 
ekTriBas eKTrefi^rfTe, ovBev tj/hlv twv BeovTwv ytyverai, 
aXX ol fiev e^OpoL icaTayeXwaLV, ol Be av/jL/xa^oL 
reOvaai tw BeeL tovs tolovtov? airoo-ToXov?. Ov yap 46 
kdTiVi ovk ecTTiv eva dvBpa BvvrjOrjval irore ravd' v/jllv 
irpa^at iravO baa (BovXeaOe • viroayeaQaL fxevTOL /cat, 
<f>r}o~at, koI tov Belva auriaaaaQai kcli tov Belva eaTLV. 
Ta Be 7rpdyfJbara eic rovrcov airoXwXev • brav yap rjyfj- 
tcll fiev 6 o~TpaT7]yos aOXtcov airoyuLaOwv %e'vwv, ol B 
virep wv av eKelvos Trpa^ij 7rpos v/xa^ ^frevBofievoc pa- 
olws evvao cjotlv, vfieLS o eg wv av afcovar]Te o tl av 
Tv^r\Te yjrr](fn^r]ade, tl Ka\ yjpi) irpoaBoKav ; 

IT<w? ovv TavTa iravaeTaL ; ' OTav vfjcels, w avBpes 47 
AdrjvaloL, tov? avTovs aTToBeL^rjTe aTpaTLWTas /cat 
fidpTvpas twv cTpaTrjyovfjLevcov /cal BifcaaTas oi/caB 
eXOovTas twv evOvvwv, wcrre jjlj) aicoveLV \xovov u/m? Ta 
vfieTep avTwv, aXXa tcaL irapovTas opav, Nvv B et? 
Toi>6' Tjfcec Ta TTpay/naTa aLa%vvr)$, waTe twv aTpaTTj- 
ycov e/cao~TO<; Bh zeal Tpi$ KpLveTai Trap vjjllv irepl 6a- 
vaTOV, 7Tj0O9 Be tov$ e%0pov<; ovBeis ovBe cnra% avTwv 
aycovLcraaOaL irepL Qavarov ToX/uba, aXXa tov twv av- 
BparroBLGTwv Kal Xw7toBvtwv OavaTov fiaXXov alpovvTai 
54 tov Trpoo~7]KOVTO<$ • KaKovpyov fiev yap eaTi KpiOevT 
airoQaveivy o~TpaT7]yov Be fia^o/nevov rot? 7ro\e/uot?. 
'HfJLwv B* ol fxev irepLLovTe? fieTa AaKeBaL/xovlwv <j>aal 48 



48 AHM026EN0Y2 (4) 

^tXlTTirOV 7TpaTT6lV TTjV ©7}fiai(0V KdTaXvCTLV Kal Ta? 

nroXiTeias 8iao~7rav, ol B a>? ir peo-/3eis nreirofji^ev co? 
fiaeriXea, ol 8* ev 'IXXvpiois 7r6Xei$ Tei%i£eiv, ol Be — 
Xoyov<; TrXaTTovres e/cao-Tos irepiep^ofieOa. 

49 Eyco B olfiac fie'v, co avBpes AO.rjvaloi, vrj tovs 
Oeovs efceivov pieOveiv tQ> fieyeOei tcov ireirpay^evcov Kal 
iroXXa jotavra oveipo7roXelv ev ry yvwp.r), rrjv r eprj- 
fiiav tcov kcoXvo-ovtcov opwvra kcu toI<$ Treirpayfxevois 
e7rr)p/jLevov, ov fievToi ye fia Ai ovtco jrpoaipelaOai 
Trparreiv aKrre rovs avorjroraTOVs tcov nrap tj/mv eiBevat 
t'i /me'XXei iroielv eicelvos • dvorjTOTaroi yap eicriv ol Xoyo- 

50 TToiovvres. 'AW* edv afyevres ravr eicelvo elBwfxev, ore 
e^Qpos avOpcDTros teal Ta rj/nerepa rjfjua? airoaTepei Kal 
%povov ttoXvv vftpiKe, Kal airavO baa itoottot rfKTriaa- 
fie'v Tiva irpci^eiv vwep tj/jiSv Kad rjficov evprjraiy Kal ra 
Xoiird ev avrois' r)[uv eo~Ti, kclv fJLrj vvv eOeXtofiev eKel 
7ro\ejjLe7v avT<p, evOdB' l'cra>? avayKaadrjo-d/ieda tovto 
iroielv, — av Tavra eiBco/iev, Kai Ta BeovTa eaopLeOa 
eyvcoKOTes Kai Xoycov piaTaicov airrjXXaypLevoi • ov yap 
aTTa 7tot eaTai Bel GKoirelv, aXX otl <pavX , av firj 
irpoae-^riTe tois irpay/iao'i tov vovv Kai Ta irpoaT]KovTa 
Troieiv edeXrjT, ev eiBevai. 

51 *Eyco fiev ovv ovt aXXoTe irooiroTe 7rpo<; yapiv elXo- 
fM7]v Xeyeiv, o tl av /jltj Kai avvoiaeiv v/iiv 7re7reio~fjievo5 
c5, vvv T€ a yiyvwcrKW iravO airXws, ovBev viroaTeiXa- 
fievos, TreirapprjaiacrfJiai. Ej3ovXo/ui7]v B av, wairep otl 55 
vplv avfji^epei tcl /3eXTio~Ta aKOveiv olBa, ovtcos eiBevai 



(4) RATA fclAIIUIOY A. 49 

(Tvvolaov kcli TO) ra fieXrccrra etTTovTi ' 7toX\q) yap av 

T)8l,OV 6L7T0V. NOV S' €7T ttS^Xot? OVCTt TOL? OTTO TOVTWV 

e/navTw yevrjo-o/jievoLs, o/xo)? eirl tco crvvolcreiv vfuv, eav 
Trpa^re, ravra ireireiaQai \ey€iv alpov/juac. Nckmtj 8' 
6 ti rrraacv vjuv fieWei avvoMreiv. 



JHM020EN0T2 
IIEPI TS2N EN XEPPONHSfll. 



1 "E8ei fjiev, co avSpes * AQt)vaioi, tov$ Xeyovras ci7rav- go 
t«? ev vfilv fXT]Te irpos e^Opav iroieicrQai Xoyov /i7]8eva 

fMTjTe 7T/309 X^P LV} **^ ° j3e\THTTOV eKCKTTO? rjyevTO, 

tout airofyaivecrdai, aXXcos re kcu irepi kolvcov wpayiia- 
tcov kcu fjueyaXcov v/xcov fiovkevofievcov • eirei 8 evioi tcl 
fjLev <f)i,\ov€itcia, tcl 8 rjTivt87]7roT cutLcl irpoayovrai 
Xeyeiv, v/acls, co avBpes AOrjvcuoi, tol»? ttoXXovs Bee 
iravra TaXX atyeXovTas, a rf} iroXec vofxi^ere o-vfupepew, 

2 ravra kcu tyTjcpi^ecrdcu kcu TrpciTrecv. 'H fxev ovv 

(TTTOvBrj 7T€pl TCOV €V XeppOVTjCTCp TTpCiy/JLClTCOV €Ot\ KCU 

t?;? arpareua^, r\v iv8eKarov fjLrjva rovrovl $iXi7nro<$ ev 

QpaKT) 7T0L6LTCU' TCOV 8e XoyCOV Oi ifkelcTTOl 7T€pl COV 

AioireiOris nrpciTTei kcu ixeXXei iroieiv etprjvTcu. 'Eyco 
8' oa a fjuev T£? cuTiarai riva tovtcdv, ou? Kara rov? 
vd/Jiovs ecj> v/jlIv ecrrlv otclv (SovXrjcrOe KoXa^eiv, kclv t}8tj 
8oktj kclv emcryovcTi irepi avrcov crKoireiv eyycopeiv rjyov- 

fJLCU, KCU OV TTCWV 8e2 TTEpl TOVTCDV OUT 6/16 OVT aXXoV 

3 ov8eva lo-^vpc^eaOaL ■ ocra 8 e%0po<; vwap^cov Tjj iroXek 



(8) AHM026EN0Y2 IIEPI TON EN XEPPONH2QI. 51 

Kai Bwafxeu ttoXXtj nrepo ' EXXr}0"7rovTov cov ireipaTai 
TrpoXaftelv, kclv ccrra^ vaTeprjaco/xev, ovKeO e^o/xev 
«l crcocrai, izepi tovtcov B ol/xao ttjv Ta^LcrTrjv crv/icpepeiv 
Kai /3e/3ovXevcr0ai Kai TrapeaKevdcrOac, Kai /mtj toIs irepl 
tcov aXXcov OopvjSois Kai rals KarrjyopiaLS airo tovtcov 
aTToSpavac. 

IloXXa Be Oavfia^cov tcov elcoOoTcov XeyeaOai irap 4 
v/uv, ovSevos riTTov, co avBpe? AOrjvaloi, Tedav/juaKa, b 
Kai, irpcprjv tlvos rj/covcra cittovtos ev tt) fiovXrj, &)? a pa 
Bel top <yu/jLJ3ov\evovTa rj TroXefielv ci7r\co<; 77 
tt)V etp7]vrjv ayeiv crv/jL^ovXeveiv. Ecttc Be, el 5 
fjuev rjcrv^lav $iXi7T7ro<; dyeu Kai pnqTe twv rjfieTe'pcov e^et 
irapa T7\v eipr\vr\v /jLTjBev fir]Te crvcrKevaCfzTai irdvTas 
avOpwTrovs ecj> rjfia?, ovKeTi Bel Xeyeiv, aXX* a7rXco$ 
€Lp7]vr)v aKTeov, Kai Ta ye acj> v/jlcov eTOifia virdp^ovTa 
opco • eu B a fiev cofioaafjiev Kai ecf> o£? ttjv eipr^vryv 6 
eTToirjo-a/ieOa, ecrTtv iBelv Kai yeypafifieva Kelrai, <paive- 
Tai B air ap^s 6 $iknriro$, irplv AioirelQriv eKirXevcrai 
Kai tovs Kkrjpov)(ov<$ ol>? vvv aiTicovTai ireiroiTjKevai, tov 
TToXefxov, ttoXXcl fiev tcov rj/jueTepcov aBtKcos etX7)cpco<;, 
virep cbv Tfnjcpio-fjLad' v/ieTepa eyKaXovvTa Kvpia TavTc, 
nravTa Be tov yjpovov crvve^m Ta tcov aXXcov *EXXr\vcov 
Kai fiapjSdpcov Xa/uiftdvcov Kai ecf) rj/jia^ crvcrKeva^o/jLevo^, 
Ti tovto Xeyovcnv, &>? TToXejielv rj ayeiv eip7]vrjv Bel ; 
Ov yap alpecris eaTiv r]{uv tov irpayjxaTos, aXX viro- 7 
XeareTai to BwaioTaTov tcov epycov, b virepftaivovcriv 
e/coWe? ovtol. Tl ovv eo-Tt, tovto ; AfjLvveaOai top 



52 AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

wpdrepov iroXeixovvO^ rj/xlv. IlXrjv et rovro Xeyovai vt] 
Aia, &)?, av aire^qrai rfjs Attiky)<$ kcll rov IleipaLws 
6 <£/?U7r7ro9, out dBiicel rrjv ttoXlv ovre iroiel iroXefiov. 

8 El 8' €/C T0VTC0V TCL Sl/CClLd TlQeVTCLl KCLb TT)V €0p7]V7)V 

tclvtt)v opt&vrat, ore fiev §T}Trov6ev ov6 ocrca ovr 93 
aveicrd Xeyovacv ovd* vplv dcr<f)aXr}, BrjXov eariv arra- 
aiVy ov fJLTjv aXX evavria av{i/3aiv€t, rals /carrjyo picu$ 
at? AioireiOovs KarrjyopovaL kcli avrd ravra Xeyeuv 
clvtovs. Ti yap Bryrrore ra> jiev ^iXirrirw irdvra raXXa 
iroielv egovo-lav Bcoaofiev, av rrjs * Arriicrfi airey^rai, 
to!) AioireiQei B ovBe /Sor]6elv rols Gpa%w etjecrrai, rj 
TT0\e[JL0V 7T0L6LV avTov ^crofiev ; 

9 AXXa V7] Aia ravra fiev e^eXey^ovrai,, Aeivd ttoi- 
ovctiv Be oc j~evoc irepLKoirrovre^ ra ev *EX- 
\r)<nrdvT<)L>, /cal Ai07rei6r]<i aBi/cel Karaycov ra 

lOirXota, Ka\ Bel fjur} ' eirirperreiv avra>. Ecrrco, 
yiyvecrOay ravra • ovBev avriXeyco, Olfiau fievroi Becv, 
elirep a>9 dXrjdws eiri iraai BucaLois ravra av/i^ovXev- 
ovcnv, cjcTTrep rrjv virapyovaav rrj 7roXeL Bvvaynv Kara- 
Xvcrat, QqrovGb rov efeo-rrj/cora /cal rropl'Cpvra yji^ara 
ravrrj Bca{3aXXovre<; ev vjmv, ovrco rrjv tfriXlnnrov Bvva- 
/mv Beltjat BtaXvOrjo-o/jLevrjv, av vfjbels ravra 7reia6fjre. 
El Be [AT], dKoirelre on ovBev aXXo itoiovgiv \] icaOi- 
GraGL ri]v iroXiv et9 rov avrov rpoirov Be ov ra irapovra 

n irpdyfiara arravr airoXcoXefcev. I are yap B-qiTov rovO , 
ore ovBevl rwv iravrwv irXeov fce/cpdrrjice <&iXL7nro<; rj to> 
irporepo^ rrpos rot9 rrpdypbacn ycyveaOai. '0 fjiev yap 



(8) nEPI TflN EN XEPP0NH2QI. 53 

ey<£>v Svva/iiv avveaTificvlav aei irept avrov, Kai irpoet- 
S&>? a ftovXerac wpa^at, e^accj>vrj^ ecf) ovs av avra> Sofy 
nrapecrTLV • rj/xeis 8' eireihav 7rv0(op,e0a tl yiyvo/xevov, 
Trjvifcavra 6opv{3ovjJLe9a kclv irapao-Keva^ofieOa. Elr , 12 
OLfiai, avyLpaivei rca fiev ecp a av eXurj, ravr eyeiv 
Kara iroXXr)v rjav^lav, rj/uv S' varepl^etv, kcli ocra av 
93 BaTravrjcrco/jLev, curavra fiarrjv avrjXcoKe'vai, Kai rrjv fxev 
e%6pav teat to jSovXeaOat KcoXvetv evSeSel^Oac, vaTepi- 
tpvias Be rcov epycov aia^yvrjv ir poo- o$Xio~ kclv eiv. 

Mr] rolvvv ayvoelre t co avSpes AOrjvaloi, ore Kai ra 13 
vvv raXXa fiev eo~n Xoyoc ravra Kai Trpotyacreis, irpaT- 
rerai Be Kai KaraaKeva^eiai tovto, 6770)? vjjlwv fiev oikoo 
/JLevovTcov, efo) Be firfBefiia? ovcrr}? rrj iroXei Bvvafxeco^^ 
fjiera TrXeiGTrjs rj<TV%ia<; airavO baa ftovXerai <& iXnnros 
BioiKTjo-erai. ©ecopeire yap to irapov irpcorov, yiyve- 
rai. Nuvl Bvvafiiv fieyaXrjv e/celvos e^cov ev Gpa/cr) 14 
BiarpijSei, Kai fierairefiTTerai nroXXriv, w? (pacriv 01 7ra- 
povres, airo MafceSovias Kai GerraXia?. 'Eav ovv 
irepifieiva^ tou? eTrjaia^ eirl Bv^avnov eXOcov iroXiopKrj, 
mpwTov fiev oleaOe row? BvtfavTiov? fievelv €7rl tt}? 
avoias ttJ? avrrjs coenrep vvv, Kai ovre irapaKaXeaeiv 
vfias ovre ftorjdeiv avroi? a^icoaeiv ; *Eyco fiev ovk 15 
olfiai, aXXa Kai el rial fiaXXov arriaTovaiv r) rjfiiv, Kai 
tovtovs .elo~(f)pr]o-ea6a(, fiaXXov rj Keivw irapaBwaeiv rrjv 
iroXiv, av irep firj (f)dao~r) Xaficov avrovs. Ovkovv r)fiwv 
fiev fit] Swa/jievcDV evOevh' avairXevaai, eKel Se yit^Se/ua? 
VTrap^ovar)^ eToifiov fio7)6eia$, ovhev avrovs airoXwXevai, 



54 . AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

16 k(o\vg€l Nrj Ala, fcaKohaL/JLOVovai yctp avOpco- 
TTOi fcai v7rep/3aXXovo~iv avoia. Haw ye, aXX 
6/xw? clvtovs Bel am eivai • crvficpepec yap rfj rroXeu 

Kac fXT)v ovB e/celvo ye BrjXov eariv ^/jllv, g>9 em 
Xeppovrjaov ov% rfeei* aXX el ye etc rrfi eTncrroXr)^ Bel 
(jKoirelv r\s erreptye rrpo<; v/j,a<;, apLwelaOau (fjrjcri, tovs ev 

1 7 Xeppovrjaw. ' ' Av jiev roiwv tj ro aweary/cos crrpa- 
revfjua, kcll rfj %u>pa /3o7)0r}o~cu Bwrjcrerai teal rcov e/cel- 94 
vov ti kclk£)<; Troirjcrai • ev B airai; BtaXvOrjcrerai, tu 
TTOiTjcro/Aev, av em Xeppovrjaov irj ; Kpivovfiev Aio- 
rreiOrjv vrj Aia. Kal re rd irpayfiara ear at (BeXrlco ; 

AXX evOevB av fioTjOrjaaifAev avrocs. ' Av S* 
i>7To rcov irvev/JLarcov fir) BvvcofieOa ; 'AXXd fid A I* 

18 °VX V% et " K ao Tl $ eyyvr)TT]<s eart, rovrov ; ' Ap 
opare teal Xoyl^eaOe, to avBpes AOyvalot, rrjv emovaav 
copav rov eToi/?, et? rrv eprjfiov rtves olovtcu Belv rov 
t EXkr\aiTOVTOV vfiwv iroLrjaai real mxpaBovvai ^LXtrrmo ; 
Tl B\ av direXOcov etc QpaKT)? Kal firjBe nrpoaeXOcov 
Xeppovr]aco firjBe Bv^avrlco [koI ravra Xoyl^eaOe) em 
XaXKcBa Kat Meyapa rjrer) rov avrov rpdrrov ovirep eir 

flpeov irpcorjv, rrorepov Kpelrrov evOaBe avrov afivveaOat 
Kal irpoaeXOelv rov iroXefiov 7rpo? rrjv ArrtKrjv edaai, 
7) Karao-Kevd^etv e/cel riv aa^oXlav avrco ; Eyco fiev 
oifxat rovro. 
'9 Tavra rolvvv dmxvras ecBdras Kal Xoyi^o/JLe'vovs %pr) 
fid At ovy^ r)v AioireiQi]^ rreipdrai ry rroXei Bvvafiiv 
rrapaaKevd^ecv, ravrrjv ftaa/caiveiv Kai BiaXvaai ireipa- 



(8) nEPI TflN EN XEPP0NH2QI. 55 

ordai, aXX* erepav avrovs nrpoairapacrKeva^etv /cat, ctvv- 

eVTTOpOVVTCLS i/CetVCp yjpj]\iaTLOV KCLl raXXa oL/ceicos (Tvva- 

ycovt^ofievov^. Et yap T£? epotro ^iXlttttov, EtTre fiot, 20 

7T0T6p CUV ftovXotO TOVTOVS TOl/? (TT p CLT tCOT a? 

ou? A ioTT€i6r)<; vvv e^et, tovs ottolovctt tvacr- 
ovv (ovSev yap avrtXeyco^j evOevelv /cal Trap 
'AOrjvatots evBo^etv /cal 7rXetovs ytyveaOat 
rrjs 7ro\6ft)? crvvaycovt^o fiev7]<$, 7] BtafiaXXov- 

TCOV TtVCOV KCLI KCLT7} y O p O V VT CO V 8 tadlT aCT OrjVat 

/cal Stacf>6ap7]vat ; Tovr av, o%\xat> cp7]cretev. EW 
95 a 3>/\i7T7ro? av ev^atro Tot? Oeots, ravO v/xcov rtve? 
evddBe iTpaTTOvaLV ; Elra ejt ^rjrelre iroOev ra T?}? 
vroXecos airoXcoXev airavra ; 

BovXo/Mat rolvvv vfia? /xerd 7rappr)cria<; e^erdcrat ra 21 
irapdvra Trpdyfiara rrj iroXet, /cat a/ce^aaOat rt irotov- 
fiev avrot vvv /cat ottcos ^pcofieO avrols. iif/xet? ovre. 
Xprjfiara elacpepetv ftovXofieOa, ovre avrot arparevearOat 
ToXficofiev, ovre rcov /cotvcov aireyecrQat BvvafieOa, ovt6 
Ta? crvvrd^et^ AtoiretBet BtBofiev, ovO* bcr av avro? 
avrcp iroptarjrat eiratvov/jtev, aXXa j3acr/catvofi€V /cat 22 
crKOirovjxev iroOev /cat Tt fieXXet iroieiv /cat iravra ra 
rotavra, ovr eTretB^irep ovrcos e^p/Jtev, ra rjfieTep avrtov 
Trparretv edeXopev, aXX* ev /xev rot? Xoyot? rov<; rfjs 
7roXeco<z Xe'yovras a£ta eTraivodfiev, ev Be rot? epyot? 
Tot? evavrtovfievot? rovrots crvvaycovt^ofieOa. 'Tyitet? 23 
fie'vrot etcoOare e/caarore rov iraptovra epcorav, Tt ovv 
XPV trotelv ; 'Eyco B vjia^ epcorrjaat /3ovXo/jLat, rt 



56 AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

ovv ftp?) Xeyeiv ; El yap /xj^re etaotcrere, /xrjre avroi 
arparevaeaOe, ^re rcov koivcov acpe^eade, fxrjre to.? 

(TVVTa^eiS S(t)(T6T€, fjL7]T6 OCT CUV CLVTO? OVTCO IT Op 1(71)7 dl 

eacrere, yui\re ra v/xerep avrcov rrparreiv e6eX7]crere, ovk 
eyo) ti \€ya>. El yap ijBtj roaavriqv e^ovatav rol? 
aLTiaaOai teal BiapaXXeiv /3ovXofie'voi<; BiBore coo-re kcli 
rrepl mv fatal [xeXXetv avrov iroieiv, Kai rrepi, rovrcov 
TrpoKarrjyopovvrcov d/cpoaaOe, ri av tls Xeyoc ; 

24 'On tolvvv Bvvarai ravra iroieiv, eviovs fiaOelv 
vjjlcov Bel. Ae^co Be iierd irapprjcrias • teat, yap ovB av 
aXXcos Bvvai/jirjv. Havre? oaoi irtoiror e/cireirXev/cacri 96 
Trap vyucov arparrjyoi (t) eyco irdcryeiv oriovv rificofiai), 
/cal irapd Xicov kcll irapd EpvOpaicov nai Trap cov av 
kfcaaTOL Bvvcovrai (rovrcov rcov ttjv Aaiav oi/covvrcov 

25 Xe'yco^) y^pr^xara Xajx^dvovaiv. Aaybfidvovcri Be ol fxev 
e^ovres pnav rj Buo vav$ eXarrova, oi Be fiei^co Bvva/iiv 
irXeiova. Kal BiBdacriv ol BiBdvre? ovre to, fii/cpa ovre 
ra iroXXa dvr ovBevds (ou yap ovrco /xalvovrai^, aX~)C 
covov/xevoi fjurj aBi/celaOai rov? Trap avrcov etcirXeovra? 
e/xiropov?, /xr) avXdcrdai, irapairefxirecrOai ra irXola ra 
avrcov, ra roiavra • cpacri B evvoia? BiBovai, /cai rovro 

26 rovvo/xa e%ei ra Xrjfx/xara ravra. Kal Br] Kal vvv 
AioireiOei arparevjx eyovri craepco? ecrri rovro BrjXov 
ore BcocTovcn ^pri/xara iravre? ovroi • irdOev yap oieaOe 
aXXoOev rov fir/re Xafiovra map v/xcov /XTjBev fxrfre 
avrov eyovra oirddev [xia6oBorr]&ei crrparicora? rpe- 
<f>eiv ; E/c rov ovpavov ; Ov/c eari ravra, aXX a<j> 



(8) nEPI TQN EN XEPP0NH2QI. 57 

<ov ayetpei Kai irpocracreo kcu Bavet^eTat, airo tovtwv 
Btdyet. 

OvBev ovv ciXXo irotovatv ol KaTrjyopovvTe? ev vjuv 27 
?; irpoXeyovatv ctiraai firjB otlovv eicelvw BiBdvai, &>? 
kcll tov fieXXrjaai BwaovTi Bt/crjv, p,r\ tl 7roir)aavTi ye rj 
/caraTTpa^a/jLevG). Tovt etalv ol Xoyof Me Wei tto- 
Xiopfcetv, tovs ' EXXrjva? eicBiBcdai' fxeXei yd^p 

TLVL TOVTCOV TWV T7]V AataV GlKOVVTCOV ' EXXrjVOOV ,* 

Afjueivovs fievrav elev twv aXXcov 7) 777? Trarpihos kt\- 
8ea6ai. Kav to ye et? tov EXXriairovTov etaTreprrretv 23 
eTepov GTpaTrjyov tovt eaTLV ' ei yap Beiva Troiel Ato- 
Treidrjs icai icaTayei tcl irXola, fit/cpov, w dvBpe? A6t)- 
vaiot, fiiKpov TTivoLKiov tclvtci iravTa KwXvaat BvvaiT dv, 
97 teat Xeyovatv ol vofiot, Tclvtcl tov? dBi/covvTa? ela- 
ayyeWeiv, ov fxa Aia Bairavai^ icai Tpirjpeat Toaav- 
Tat? ^ytta? avTovs (frvkcLTTetv (eVa tovto y eaTiv virep- 
fioXr) fiavla^ • aX)C eiri fiev tol;? e^Opovs, ovs ovk eaTi 29 
Xafteiv V7T0 to?$ vo/MOts, kcli aTpaTtu>Ta<$ Tpecfretv /cat 
Tpi7]pei<; eKirepnreiv kcli yjpr\ixaTa etafyepetv Bel tcai 
avay/catov eaTtv, e7rl 8' tj/jlcls avTOv? yfrrjcj) tafia, etaay- 
yeXta, 7rapaXo?, TavT eaTtv. TavT rjv ev cfypovovvTcov 
dv0pa>7ra)v, e7rr}pea£dvTCDV Be /cal BtacfrdetpdvTcov tcl 
TTpayfxaTa a vvv ovtoi irotovatv. 

Kat to fiev tovtcov tlvcl? elvai tolovtov<; Beivov ov ov 30 
Beivov eaTtv • aXh! v/iets ol KaQr\fxevot outgo? tjStj Btd- 
KetaOe coaTe, av fiev tas eXirrj irapeXOaiv oti At07ret6r]<$ 
eaTi twv xa/ccov irdvTcov alnos r] Xapr)$ rj 'AptaTO<pa)V 



58 AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

t) OV CLV TCOV TToXiTCOV eiTTT) Tt?, 6V06COS (j)CLTe KCLl 0OpV~ 

31 jBelre &)? opOcos Xeyei ■ av Be nrapeXOwv Xeyy ti$ raXr}- 
6rj, on Arjpelre, co avBpes AOyvaloL' iravTwv 
twv fca/ccov Kal tcov irpaypbarcdv tovtcov <£lXi7r- 
7T0? eanv airios' et yap e/cetz/o? r)yev r)o-v%iav, 
ovBev av rjv Trpaypua tt) iroXet, a>? fiev ovk aXrjOrj 
ravr ecrrlv ov% efene avriXeyetv, d^OeaOai Be fioi 

32 BotC6LT€ Kal C0(T7T6p aTToXXwai Tt VOfJLlQlV. AItLOV Be 

tovtcov {^Kal fjboi 7rpo? decov, orav eve/ca tov fieXrlaTov 
Xe'yco, ecrTa) Trapprjcrla^ • irapeo-KevaKaaiv v/icis tcov 
7roXt,Teuo/jLevcov evioi ev fiev Tat? €fCfcX7)criaL<; fyoftepov? 
Kal %aXe7rovs, ev Be rats TrapaaKevals Tat? tov TroXefiov 
pqBvfiovs Ka\ evKara<j)povrjTOv<;. ' Av fiev ovv tov alriov 
eiTTT) Tt? ov Icrre ore XnqtyecrOe Trap vfiiv avrois, (f>are 
Kal ftouXeaOe' av Be tolovtov Xeyrj tis, bv Kparrjo-avras 
Tot? birXois, aXXft)? B ovk eari KoXacrai, ovk e^er , 

33 olfiat,, tl iroirio-eTe, e^eXey^ofievoi Be a^QeaOe. ^E^pr^v 
yap, co avbpes Aurjvaioi,, rovvavrcov r\ vvv aizavra^ tovs 
iroXvrevofievovs ev fiev Tat? eKKXrjorLai? Trpdov? Kal <£t- 
XavOpanrovs u/xa? eOl^etv elvac (7rpo? yap u/xa? avrovs 
Kal tou? crvfifidyovs ev Tavravs earl ra BiKaia), ev Be 
Tat? nrapacTKevais Tat? tov TroXefiov (f)ojSepov<s Kal %a\e- 
7rou? einBeiKvvvai (Vpo? yap tovs e%6pov<; Kal toi>$ 

34 avTiTToXovs eKelvo? eaO* 6 dycovj. Nvv Be Brjfiayco- 
yovvres u/xa? Kal '^apiCpfievoi KaQ* v7rep/3oXr)V ovtco 
BiaT€0eiKao~LV, coorr ev fiev Tat? eKKXrjcriaLS rpvcfyav Kal 
KoXaKevecrOac iravra 7rpo? rjBovrjv aKovovras, ev Be Tot? 



(8) nEPI TQN EN XEPPONH212I. 59 

irpayfiaai teac rot? ycyvop,evoi<; irepv rcov ea^arcov rjBrj 
KLvhvvevew. 

$epe jap 77-00? A to?, el Xoyov v/jlccs amaiTr\<j£iav ol 
EXXrjves wv vvv\ irapeUare icaipwv hia paOvpbcav, teat 
epoivO vfia? Avhpes Adrjvatoc, irepLirere w? 7]pua^ 35 
etedarore 7rpecr/36i$, teal Xeyere &>9 eirifiovXevet, 
$ iXiinros rjfiLV teal iracri tois EXXrjcro teal &)<? 
(pvXarrecrOat, Set rov dv6 proirov teal trdvra ra 
roiavra ; (^Avdyteij (pdcrteetv teal opboXoyetv • irocov- 
fiev yap ravra'^ elr, co irdvTtov dvOpcotrcov <fiav- 
XoTaroi, Setea /jLTJvas airoyevopuevov TavOpcoirov 
teal vocrco teal ^eipbcovt tca\ 7roXepbot$ airoXr)- 
<j>6evro<! cocrre pur) av hvvacrOai eiraveXOelv ot- 
teaBe, ovre rrjv Evfiotav rjXevOepcocraTe ovre36 

TCOV VfJL6T€p(OV ttVTCOV OV$€V 6K0 fJb La aa 6 €, aXjC 

eteeivos fiev vjjliov ovteot puevovTcov, o-%oXt]v ayov- 
tcov, vycacvovrcov (et Brj.rov^ rd rocavra Troiovvra? 
99 vyiaivuv t\>K}<7aiev) Bvo ev Evftoia tearecrrTjcre rv- 
pavvovs, rov fiev airavritepv ttJ? ^Attlktj^ eVt- 
ret^tcra?, rov eiru Ateiauov, u/Ltet? o ovoesr 
ravr aireXvaacrOe, et firjSev aXXo eftovXeo-de, 
aXX eiatcare teao acpecrrare BrjXov ore avrco, 
teai cfravepov rreiroi7\Kare on ovB av Sefeateis 
a7roddv7), ovbev fiaXXov KLV7]aecr6e. Tc ovv 
7rp€<rj36V€T€ teai tearrj y op etre teal irpay fiaO 
rjpuiv irape^ere ; ' Av ravra Xeycocrc, to epovfiev 77 tl 
(pTjo-ofiev, o) dvSpes AOrjvaioc ; Eyco fiev yap ov% 6pa>, 



60 AHM026EN0Y2 (ft, 

33 Elal To'tvvv rives 06 tot egeXe'y^etv tov iraptovTa 
olovtcll, eiretBav epcoTTjcrcoo-t, Tt ovv XP^ iroieiv ; 
Oh e'yo) ptev to hucaioTwrov Kal aXijOeaTaTov tovto 

aTTOKplVOVfiai, TCtVTCl flT] 7T0L6LV tt VVVt TTOtetTC, 

ov fX7]v aXXa Kal kclO etcao~Tov aKptflcos epw. Kat 
07ra)?, wcnrep epcoTcoat irpoOvfKo^, ovtco Kat irotetv eOe- 
Xrjo-ovcrtv. •■ 

39 IIpcoTov ptev, w avBpes 'AdTjvatot, tovto Trap vfuv 
avTots /3e/W&)? yvcovat, otl tt} iroXet ^tXtiriro? iroXeptet 
Kal ttjv elpr\v7)v XeXvKe (/cal iravaaaOe 7repl tovtov 
fcaTTjyopovvTes aXX^Xcov^ Kal KaKovovs ptev eo~TL Kal 

40 e%0po$ okr) tt) iroXeL Kal to) Trjs 7roXeo)9 eBacpeL, nrpoG- 
6r)o~co Be Kai tov$ ev tt} woXet iraatv avOpwrrois, Kat 
T0t9 ptaXtcrT olofievois avTcp ^ap/£ecr#at (el Be ptrj, o~Ke- 
^jracrOcocrav EvdvKpaTT] Kat AaaOevrj tovs OXvvOlovs, 
o% BoKovvTe? otKetoTaT avTw BtaKelaOat, eTretBr) tt)v 
ttoXiv TrpovBocrav, iravTWV kuklq-t airoXcoXaaLv^, ovBevl 
fjuevToc fiaXXov r) ttj TroXtTeta 7roXeptet ovB eirifBovXevei, 
Kai aKoireu ptaXXov ovBe ev twv iravTwv rj 7Toj? TavTrjv 

41 KaTaXvcrec. Kat tovt etKOTcos Tpoirov Ttvct irpaTTet • 
olBe yap aKpifSws otl ovB* av ttclvtcov twv aXXcov yevij- 
Tac Kvpios, ovBev eaT avTu> fieftaLcos e%eiv, eo)9 av v/iets ioo 
BrjfioKpaTrjcrOe, aXX eav iroTe av/x/3^ Tt TTTalafia, a 
TroXXa yevotT av avOpwirw, rfeet iravTa tcl vvv avfijBe- 

42 fitao-fjLe'va Kat KaTafyev^eTat Trpos v/jlcis. Eo~t€ yap 
vptets ovk avTOt TrXeoveKTrjcrat Kat KaTaayetv apyyjv ev 
7re<f>vK0T€^ } aXX erepov Xafielv KcoXvaat Kal e^pvr 



(8) nEPI TfiN EN XEPPONHSfll. 61 

acf)eXeo~6ac Becvoc, Kac oA,&)? evoyXr\o~ac rot? ap^ecv /3ov- 
Xo/jcevoa teal rravra? avOpwirovs et? eXevOeptav acfye- 
XeaOac eroc/ioc. Ovkovv /3ovXerac rols eavrov fcaipols 
ri]V irap v/icov eXevOeptav e(peBpevetv, ovBe ttoXXov Bet, 
ov fca/cw? ovB apycos ravra Xoyt%op,evo<;. 

Upcorov [lev Brj rovro Bet, e^Opov virecX^evac rrjs 43 
rroXcrecas /cat rrjs Brj/xoKparta? aBtaXXaKrov eKetvov • 
ec yap /JL7] rovro iretaOrioreaOe rats yjrv%als, ovk eOeXr]- 
aere virep rcov irpay/Jtarcov cnrovBa^eiv • Bevrepov B 
ecBevac orcKpGo? ore rravO baa Trpay/xareverac tcai Kara- 
GKeva^erac vvv, eirc rr\v r)/jterepav ttoXcv rrapaaKeva^e- 
rat, fcal ottov res eicelvov aptvverac, evravO virep vptwv 
a/jtwerac. Ov yap ovrco y ev7]0rjs eartv ovBets b? vtto- U 
XafijSdvec rov ^cXcttttov rcov fJtev ev &pa/cr] fca/ccov (ou 
yap aXXo rts av enrol ApoyycXov Kac KaftvXrjv tcai 
Maarecpav Ka\ a vvv e^atpet Kal KaraaKeva^erac), rov- 
rcov fiev eircOvfielv, /cal virep rov ravra Xaftelv Kal 
rrovovs fcai %et/Jtcovas Kal rovs ea^arov? kcvBwovs vtto- 
fjceveiv, rcov Be 'AOrjvaccov Xcptevcov kcu vecopecov /cal 45 
rpcr\pcov Kal rcov epycov rcov apyvpeccov Kac roaovrcov 
irpoaoBcov ovk enrcOvfJue'tv, aXXa ravra jutev ectaetv rjfias 
e%etv, virep Be rcov fieXcvcov Kat rcov oXvpcov rcov ev rots 
101 OpctKiocs atpols ev rco fiapaOpco ^etfia^ecv. Ovk eart 
ravra, aXXa KaKelva virep rov rovrcov yeveaOac Kvpco? 
Kac raXXa iravra irpayfiareverac. 

Tc ovv ev eppovovvrcov avOpcoircov ecrriv ; EcBora? is 

ravra Kal eyvcoKoras rrjv fjtev virep/3aXXovaav Kac avr\- 
6 



62 AHMOS6ENOY2 (8) 

fcearov rai>T7jv paOvfJLLCLV airoOiaOair ^p7]fiara 8 acr</>e- 
peiv, /cal tovs aujuLfici^ov<; a^tovv, icai bircos to avvearr)- 

AC09 TOVTO CTVpLpL€V€L aTpUT€VjULa OpCLV KCLL TTpCLTTeiV, IV 

coenrep e/celvos eTOifiov eyei hvvapuv ttjv aBi.Krjaovaav 
Kal KaraSovXcoao/jLevrjv airavra's tov<; EXXrjvas, ovtco 
ttjv crcocrovaav v/xel$ Kai ^or]9r]GOVcrav anracnv eroifAov 

47 ^X r l T€ ' ®v 7^P ^ aTi fiorjOeldLS ^pcofxevovs ovheiroT 
ovSev tcov BeovTcov irpa^ac, aXXa /caTaa/ceuacravTas Sec 
Svva/Mv, /ecu Tpo(j>r)V ravrrj iroptaavTas icai rapuas kcli 
hr]fjLocriov<$, Kal ottcos evi ttjv tcov ^pyfiarcov cpv\a/crjv 
aKpi^eardrTjv yeveaOai, ovtco TTOir\cravTas, tov puev tcov 
XprjpLaTcov Xoyov irapa tovtcov Xa/x{3av€iv, tov Be tcov 
epycov irapa tov crTpaTrjyov. Kav ovtco 7roi,7]o~7)T€ /cat, 
TavT edeXrjarjTe cos o\t)6co<;, dyeiv elpyjvrjv St/catav Kal 
fie'veiv eirl ttJ? avTov ^cXcttttov clvayKciaeTe, ov fiel^ov 
ovhev av yevotT ayaOov, t) iroXepaiaeT e£ ccrov. 

43 El Se tco Sokel TavTa Kau BaTravTjs pLeyaXrjs Kac 
ttovcov ttoXXcov Kal 7rpayf.LaT€ia<; elvai, Kal puaXa op6co<; 
8ok€l' aXX edv Xoyi&Tat tol tt) iroXeu fieTci TavTa 
yevrjero/jieva, av TavTa pur) eOeXrj, evpi]a€L XvaiTeXovv to 

49 eKovTas iroieiv to. SeovTa. Ei fxkv yap Ictt'l rt? eyyvrj- 
T17? Oecov (ov yap avOpcoircov y ovhels av yevotTO d'^id- 
Xpecos TrjXiKovTOV irpdypiaTO^ cos, civ ayr]0' rjav^ctv 
Kai airavTa irporjo-Qz, ovk err avTovs vpias tcXcvtcov 

€K€LVOS 7]^€C, aiO"%pOV fM€V, VT) TOV Ala Kal TTClVTaS TOV? 102 

Oeovs, Kav ava^cov v/jlcov Kai tcov virapyovTcov ttj TroXet 
Kac ireirpaypbevcov tols irpoyovois ttjs iSia? eveKa paOv- 



(8) HEPI TON EN XEPPONH2QI. 63 

fJLL a? tov$ aXXovs iravra^ ' EXXrjvas et? BovXelav irpo- 
ecrOcu, kcll eywye avros puev jeOvavai fiaXXov av r) lavr 
apwKevai /3ovXoi/ubr)v • ov [xr)v aXX ei rt? aXXos Xeyei 
teat, v/jlcls iretOei, eorrco, fmj ajxvvecrde, airavra irpoeeOe. 
El Be firjBevi tovto BoKel, rovvavrtov Be Trpoio-puev so 
airavTes, on haw av ifketovwv edacofiev eicelvov yevecrOai 
KVpiov, roaovro) 'yakeirwrepw /ecu, la^vporepcp yjp7]G0- 
fieOa e^Opa), ttol avaBvofxeOa r) tl /jLe'XXofiev ; *H irore, 
6) avBpe? AOr/valoi, ra BeovTa iroielv eOeX^crofiev ; 
Orav vtj Ai avay Kalov r). ^AXX! tjv fiev av Tt? 51 
eXevOepoav avOpwircov avay/crjv euiroi, ov piovov rjBrj ira- 
peaTW, aXXa Kai iraXai irapeXrjXvOe • tt)v Be rcov Bov- 
Xcov awev^eadai Bel. Ata^epet Be n ; . Otl earlv 
eXevOepw jxev avOpooirw fieyio-TTj avay/crj r\ virep rcov 
yiyvopuevcov aioyyvr), Kai /jlci^co ravrr]? ovic olB tjvtlv 
av enroi/iev • BovXcp Be irXrjyal Kai 6 tov o-cofiaro^ 
aitao-fios, a firjTe yevoir ovre Xeyeiv a^iov. 

Havra TOivvv tclXX enrwv av rjBows, kcll Betljas ov 52 
rpoirov f/xa? evtoi KaTairoXiTevovTai, ra puev aXXa 
edcra) ' aXX* eireiBdv Ti tccv irpos <&tknrirov epLirear], 
evOvs avaciTas Tt? Xeyei, to tt)v eipr\vr]V ayeiv &)9 
dyaOov Kal to Tpe'(f)€iv Bvvapav pueyaXrjv &>? 
^aXeirov, Kai Biapira^eiv Tives Ta ^prjfiaTa 
fiovXovTai, Kau tolovtov? Xoyovs, e£ wv avaftaXXovcn 
fxev Uyita?, rjcrv^iav Be iroiovaiv eKelvcp irpaTTeiv o tl 
103 ftovXeTai. Ek Be tovtojv irepiyiyveTai vpulv fiev r) 53 
o-ftoXr] Kai to fMijbev rjorj iroieiv, a oeooi^ 07T&)? fir] woo 



64 AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

ryyricreaOe eVt iroXXco yeyevr/adac, tovtols Be at ^a^tre? 
Koi 6 /iicrOos 6 tovtcov. 'Eyco S' ol/iac ttjv fiev eipi]vr)v 
dyeiv ov% vfias Belv irelQeiv, ol ireireicrfievoi KaOrjaOe, 

54 aXXa tov tcl tov TroXe'fiov irparrovra {av yap e/cetvo? 
7T€UT0rj, tcl y aft vficov eTOifia virdpyeiv), vo/it^eiv B 
elvcu ^aXeird ov% ocr av et? acoT7)piav Bairavcofiev, aXX 
a ireicrd/ieda, av ravra fir) eOeXcofiev Troielv • nai to 
8t,ap7raa6r]<j€o~6ai ra %p rj fi ar a' tw (pvXatcr)v eiirelv 
Bl t)<; aw9i]aerai, fccoXveiv, ovyj, tw tov crv/icpepovTos 

55 dcpeaTavac. KaiTOL eycoy dyavaKTco Kav avTO tovto, 
to dvBpes ' 'A0r)valoi, el tcl jiev ^prjfiaTa Xvirel Tiva<$ 
v/icov, et StapTraaOrjcreTai, a icai cpvXaTTet,v nai KoXa^etv 
tovs aBucovvTa? ecj> vfilv etTTi, tjtv Be 'EXXaBa iraaav 
ovtcool <2>t\t7r7ro? ecfiejpjs dpird^tov ov Xvirel, Kai TavT 
ecp ?;/za? dpira^tov. 

56 Tl 7tot ovv ecrrt to aiTiov, to avBpes AOrjVCUOl, TO 
tov [iev ovtco cpavepax; crTpaTevovTa, ciBtfcovvTa, 7rd\€Ls 
KaTaXap-fiavovTa, jirjBeva tovtcov irt07T0Te enrelv &)? ird- 
Xe/iov TTOLel, tou? Be jit) eiriTpeTTeiv fir/Be TTpo'ieaOai 
TavTa av/ifiovXevovTas, tovtovs tov iroXefiov ironqo-eiv 

57 aiTiaaOai ; Eyco BiBa^co • otl ttjV opyr)v r)v et/co? ecrrt 
yevecrdat Trap v/ilv, av tl Xv7rrja6e tco rroXeficp, et? tovs 
virep v/ivv XeyovTa<i tcl (3eXTio~Ta Tpeyfrat (BovXovTai, 
iva tovtov? Kpivr)Te, /ir) ^lXlttitov ajivvrjaOe, /cal KaTrj- 
yopcocriv avToi, fir) Bucrjv Bcoctlv tov itoiovcti vvv. Tout 
auTOis" BvvaTat to Xeyeiv &)? apa j3ovXovTat 7roXe/idv 
Ttves Troirjaac Trap vjilv, tcai irepi tovtov r) BiaBi/cacrla 



(8) nEPI TON EN XEPPONH2QI. 65 

icj4 cLvjr] eo-riv. ' Ej(D 8 olSa a/cpt/3co<? ore ov ypa-^ravros 53 
ABrjvatwv ovSevos iroy iroXeiiov kcli aXXa 7roXXa <&lXltt- 

7TO? I^ft TtoV Tt}? 7T0A,e0)? KOL VVV 6t? KapBlCLV 7r€7r0fjL(f)€ 

ftor'iOetav. El /xevrot ftovXo/jLtO' rj/xel^ /xi) TTpoairoielaOai 

7ToXefl€iV aVTOV Ij/MV, aVOTJTOTCLTOS TTCLVTfiiV CIV 6L7] TCOV 

ovrcov dvdpoiiTCDV, el rovr e^eXeyyoi. AXX eirechav 59 
eir avrovs rjfjLa^ it), to (prjcro/aev ; Etcelvos fiev yap ov 
TTokepuelv rj/MVy aienrep ovS flpetrcus rcov arparLcorwv 
ovrcov ev rr) %&)/)a, ov ^ e ^pa/ot? nrporepov irpos ra 
reo^V irpoajSaXkcDV avrcov, ouS' 'OXvvOlols e% ap%???> ecog 
ev avrrj rrj y&pa 10 arpdrev/ia iraprjv eytov. ' H kcli 
7 ore tovs apjvvecrQai KeXevovras iroXepiov rrotelv (firjao- 
fiev ; Ovkovv vttoXolitov hovXeveiv * ov yap aXXo y 
ovBev earo fierafjv rov pJ]r dfivvecrOac prr\r ayeiv rjcrv- 
%iav eaaOat. Kal jjltjv ov^ virep rcov lctcov vpulv re /cal 60 
ro2$ aXXois eo-0 6 klvSvvos ' ov yap vcp avrco rr)V 
rroXiv iToiT)o-ao~dai flovXerai <&lXiiriro<;, aXX 6\ft>? ave- 
Xelv. OlSe yap atcpiftcos ori ZovXeveiv fiev vfiels ovr 
eOeXrjcrere ovr, av e6eXricrr]r€, eir carrier ea 6 e (ap%€iv yap 
evco6are\ irpay/iara $ avrco irapacrxelv, av Kaipov 
Xaj3r)T€, rrXetco rcov aXXcov diravrcov avdpcoircov Swrj- 
creaOe. 

/2? ovv virep rcov ecrydrcov ovros rov aycovo? irpoar]- 61 
feet, ovrco yiyvcocrtceiv, Kal rov? irerrpaKora? avrov? eKeivco 
fiicreiv Kau airorvpmavicrai. Ov yap ecrnv, ovk ean 
rcov e^co -n}? rroXecos e^Opcov Kparrjcrai, irp\v av rovs ev 
avrrj T7j iroXei, KoXao-7]r eyQpovs v7rrjp€Tovvra<i eKeivw, 
G* 



66 AHMO20ENOY2 (8) 

aXX dvdy/cr) tovtols coavrep 7roo/3o\ofc? irpOGTrrcuovTas 
C2 varepi^eiv etceivoav. UdOev oieaOe vvv avrov vflpi^eiv 105 
v/ulols fovSev yap aXXo e/ioiye hoKel iroiiiv 7] tovto) kcli 
tovs jiev aXXovs ev ttolovvtcl, ei firjBev aXXo, e^airarav, 
vfjuv o° direCXelv r)8r) ; Olov OerraXou^ ttoXXcl Sou? 
eTrrjydyero et? rr]v vvv irapovaav hovXeiav ■ ov S av 
elirelv Bvvcut ouSet? oaa tou? TakaLirwpovs OXvv0iov<; 
irporepov Sou? UoriScuav e^rjirarrjae kcli ttoXX erepa ■ 

63 @7)/3aLov<; ra vvv virayeu tt)v Bolcdtlclv clvtois irapa- 
Zovs kcll airaXka^a? irdXefiov nrciXXov kclc ^aXeirov • 
ware KapizwaayLevoi tlvcl eKao~Toi tovtcov ifkeove^uav oi 
[lev iiori ireirovvacnv a or) iravres utcktlv, ol o orav 
irore av fifty ireiaovTai. 'Tyitet? Be tov ixev aTreareprjaOe 
o~Lco7ra) ' aXX* ev avTa> ra> rrjv e\pr\vr\v Trowpao-Qai 

64 Trocra e^7]7rdr7]a6e ! Udawv direo-reprjaOe ! Ov%l <&co- 
/cea? ; Ov ITuXa? ; Ov^l rd eirl OpaKrjs, AoplaKOV, 
Xeppiov, rbv Kepao(3\eirrr}v avrdv ; Ov vvv tk)v ttoXlv 
ttjv K.aphiavwv e^et kcll 6/ioXoyel ; 

Tl 7TOT OW eK€LVG)<? TO l<? tzXXoL? KOI ov tov avTov 

TpoTrov vplv 7rpoa(pepeTaL ; Otl ev /llovtj twv iraawv 
iroXewv Ty v/ieTepa aBeia virep twv eyOpwv Xeyeuv BeBo- 
tcli, k(ll Xcl(Bovtcl ^prjfiaT clvtov acr<fcaXes eaTL Xeyeiv 

65 irap vjmv, kclv a(f>7]pr)fievoL tcl vfxeTepa clvtwv i]Te. Ovk 
Tjv acr(f)a\e<; XeyeLV ev OXwOw to. ^lXlttttov /itj aw ev 
ireirovOoTCOv twv 7toXXwv ^OXvvOlwv tw FLotlBcliclv Kap- 
ttovgOcll • ovk r)v aacfraXes Xeyeiv ev OeTTaXLa t<z 
^lXlttttov firjBev ev ireirovOoTos tov irXrfiov? twv Oct- 



(8) HEPI TON EN XEPPONH2QI. 67 

raXcov Tft> tovs Tvpavvovs etcftaXelv $i\iinrov auxoZ? kcli 
rr,v IJvXacav diroBovvai • ovk r\v ev ©7]{3cu<; acrcfraXes, 
.oc TTpiv tt}V BoicoTiav aireScofce kcu tovs <f>G)tcea<; avelXev. 
AXX *A6r\vrjcriv ov julovov ' * AfifyiTroXiv kcli tt]V KapBuz- 66 
vcov ^copav air eo-repri kotos ^iXlttttov, aXXa kcu /ca- 
TacrKeva^ovTos v/uulv eTrtrec^Lcr/jLa tt\v Evfioiav /cat vvv 
eirl Bv&vtcov irapiovTos, acr^aXes ecrro Xeyeiv virep 
^iXlitttov. ToiyapTOt tovtwv fxev e/c irTwyjuv evioi 
Tayy irXovcnoi yLyvovjcu kcu e£ avwvvficov kcli aBd^cov 
evBo^ou kcu yvwpt/jLOi, v/iel? Be tovvclvtlov etc [xev ev- 
ogcov aoo^oc, etc o eviropwv airopoi. lloXecdS yap 
eycoye ttXovtov rjyovficu av/m/ia^ovs, ttlcttiv, evvoiav, wv 
cLTravrcov eo~0 v/u,e2<; diropoi. Ek Be rov tovtcov oXtyay- 67 
pa? eyeiv kcli eav tovtcov arepecrOai, 6 puev evBalfjLwv 
kcu fieyas kcli <£o/3epo? ttclctlv r EXXrjcri kcll /3ap/3dpoLS, 
uyLtet? B eprj/ioL kcli raireivoi, rrj puev twv cqvlcov a<$>6ovla 
XafjLTTpot, rrj B &v TrpocrrjKe irapaaKevr] KarayeXaaroi. 
Ov tov avTov Be rpoirov irepi 6 vfiwv kcu irep), avrwv 
eviov? tcov Xeyovrwv opw fiovXevopLevovs • vpLcis puev ydp 
7]Gvylav dyeiv (jyaal Belv, kclv Tt? vfids ciBlkj}, avrol S* 
ov* Bwavrat, nrap vfuv TqcrvyjLCLV ayetv ovBevos avrovs 
clBikovvtos. 

Elra (prjo-cv b? av Tvyr) irapeXOwv, Ov ydp e6e\ei<$ 68 
ypacf)€LV ovBe KivBvveveiv, aXX* droXfios el kclI 
fiaXtiKos. Eyco Be Opacrvs puev kcll j38eXvpo$ kcu 
avcuBr)<$ ovt eifu fiTjre yevot/jLrjv, dvBpetdrepov fievToi 
iroXXo) iravv toiv trajjuw^ iroXirevofjievcov nrap vjjllv 



68 A H M O 2 E N O Y 2 (8) 

69 e/iavTov ijyov/icu. "Ogtls fiev yap, <o avBpe<; A6r)vaioi, 
irapiScov a avvoiaei rrj iroXei, Kpivei, hrjpLevei, ScScoac, 
Karrjyopel, ovhepaa ravr avBpeta iroiel, aXX ^X wv 
eveyypov rrjs avrov aQ)Tr)pia<; to 7rpo? X a P iV v P^ lv ^ e " 
yetv KCii TrokireveaOai, aacpaXcos Opaavs eariv ' ocrTt? 107 
S' virep tov {3e\Ti<TT0v ttoXXcl rot? vfjLerepois evavTiovTai 
fiovXrj/jLacn, kcll /JLrjhev Xeyeu 777309 yap lv > a ^ a to {3eX- 
tlcttov aei, teat tj]v TocavTrjv iroXiTeiav irpoaipeiTai ev rj 
TrXeiovcov 7] rv^V KVpia ytyverai ?; ot XoyicrfioL, tovtcov 

& ajLLcfjorepcDV eavrov vrrevOvvov vjjllv Trape^ec, ovto? 
ear avhpelos, kcli XP r i (Ti P L0 ^ J 6 ttoXittjs o toiovtos ecrrtv, 

70 ov% oi rrjs Trap i]p,epav x a P CT0 ^ tci fxeyiara rrjs TroXecos 
ciTroXcoXeKOTes, ou? eyed toctovtov Be'co tyfkovv rj vofil^etv 
a%iov$ 7To\iTa$ t?7? TroXecos elvai, cogt ei Tt? epocro fie 
Eare fioc, crv Se rt tt]v ttoXlv tj /jlIv ayaOov ire- 
•wo or) teas ; E^cov, co avBpes A6r\vaioi, teat Tpir\pap- 
%ia<$ enrelv xal xoprjyias kcu xprj/iaTcov eicrcfropas Kill 
XvcreL? cux/uiaXwTCDV real roiavra^ aXXas cpiXavOpcoTruis, 
ovoev av tovtcov eiTroifii, aXX on tcov tolovtcov ttoXl- 

71 revfiarcov ovBev TroXiTevofiat,, aXXa Bvvajxevos av ictcos, 
coenrep teat erepoi, Kah /carrjyopeiv teal x a P^ ea ^ aL K( * 1 
Brjfievecv icai raXX a ttolovctlv ovtol irotelv^ ovW ecf/ ev 
tovtcov ttcottot e/j,avTOV €Ta%a ov&e Trpor}ydr)v ovO* VTTO 
KepBovs ov0 V7TO tyiXoTiiMias, aXXa hiafievco Xeycov e£ 
cbv eyco fiev ttoXXcov eXaTTcov ei/it Trap vfilv, v/iels he, 
ei TrecOeaOe fioi, fieifyvs av etrjTe ' ovtco yap ccrco<; dve- 

72 TTicpOovov euTrelv. OvBe efxoiye hoxel Sifcatov tovt elvai 



(8) nEPI TflN EN XEPP0NH2Q1. 69 

ttoXltov, TOLavra 7roXiTevp.ad evptaKeiv e£ cov eyco /xev 
TTpooTOs vfiwv ecro/jbac evflecos, vpueig Be tcov aXXwv vara- 
toi, • aXXa GVvav^aveaOai Bel ty]V ttoXlv toIs twv aya- 
6cov ttoXltcov 7roXiT6u/xaat, teat to (BeXTiaTov aec, /jltj to 
paaTov cnravTas Xeyecv • eir eKelvo puev yap 7] cfrvcris 
os avTr) fiahieLTCLL, eiri tovto Be tco Xoyw Bel irpoayeaOai 
BiBao~KOVTa top ayaOov ttoXlttiv. 

HBt] tolvvv tivos rjKovaa tolovtov tl XeyovTos, co ? 73 
apa eyco Xeyco puev ae\ tcl (3eXTio~Ta, ccttl 8' 
ovBev aXX 7] Xoyoi tcl irap efiov, Bel B' epycov 
ttj iroXei teat it pa^ew? tivos. Eyco B &)? e^co 
irepl tovtcdv, Xe^a) Trpos vfias Kal ovk aTroKpvyjrofiac. 
OvB elvai vo[jll^(o tov av/i^ovXevovTog vp.lv epyov ovBev 
irXr)v enrelv tcl /3eXTLo-Ta. Kal tovO' otl tovtov e^ei 

TOV TpOTTOV, paBlQIS olfACLL Beit~eiV. "lcTT6 yap BrjTTOV 74 

tovO , otl TifioOeos hot efcelvos ev vplv eB^pajyoprjo-ev 
&>9 Bel ftorjQelv Kal tovs Evftoeas aco^etv, ot€ Qrjfialoi 
KaTeBovXovvTO avTOvs, Kal Xe'ycov elirev ovtco 7nw? • 
El7T€ [Mot, ftovXeveaOe, ecprj, Qiiftaiov? e%ovT€$ 
ev vriaw, tl %prjo-eo-de Kal tl Bel iroielv ; Ovk 
e/jL'7rXricreTe tt)V 6aXaTTav, w avBpes AOrjvaloi, 
TpiTjpcov ; Ovk avacrTavTes rjBrj ito pevaeaQe 
€i? tov Ueipaia ; Ov KaOeX^eTe Tag vav<$ ; 
Ovkovv elire fiev TavTa 6 Ti/xoOeos, eiroir\craTe B vpuels" 75 
eK Be tovtcdv api(f)OTepo)V to irpayfxa e7rpd^drj. El B 
6 fxev eXirev a>? olov re tcl apioTa, coaTrep elirev, v/iel? B 
a7r€ppa6vjJLT}aaTe Kal /irjBev vTrrjKovaaTe, dp av rjv ye- 



70 AHMO20ENOY2 IIEPI TON EN XEPPON H2QI. (8) 
yovos Tt twv rore GV\x$avTwv ttj iroXei, ; O v X 0l0V T€ ' 

OvTQ) TOLVVV KCLl TT€pl OiV CLV ejCO XeyCO [vVVt KCLl 7T€pl 

(ov av 6 Belva €Lirrf\, ra /juev epya irap vfiwv avrdv 
&t€lt€, ra Be fieXTiara €7narr]fjLrj Xeyecv irapa rov 

TTCLplOVTOS. 

76 Ev K€(f)a\ai(i) B a Xeyco (fipacras Karafirjvai fiovXo- 
jiai. Xprifiara eiafyepeiv (prj/xl Belv, rrjv virap^ovaav 
Bvva/itv avveyeiv, eiravopOovvras el rt Botcel fMrj /caXco? 10: 
eyeiv, /mr] bcrois av ti<$ auriao~i)Tai to b\ov KaraXvovras ■ 
7rpea/3ei<; etareinreiv iravra^ol tovs BiBd^ovras, vovOe- 
Ti]crovTa<;, irpd^ovras ocra av Bwcovrao rrj ttoXcl • irapa 
iravra ravra rou? ewl rot? irpdyixaau BcopoBo/covvra? 
icoXd^eiv K.a\ ficaelv iravjayov, iv ol fierpLOC /cal BtKaiovs 
eavrovs 7rape%ovTe<; ev (SefiovXevaOai Bokwctc koI tois 

77 aXXois icai eavrols. ' Av ovtco to2<? irpay/xaac %pf}cr0e 
/cat, TravarjaOe oXtycopovvres diravrwv, laws av, tcra)? Kai 
vvv en fieXruD yevoiro. El /xevrot KaOeBelaOe dyjpi 
rov Oopvfiriaai /cal eiraiveaai airovBa^ovre^;, edv Be Bey 
to iroielv avaBvofievoi, ov% opw Xoyov oaris avev tov 
iroietv vyua<$ a irpoar\Kei Bvvt]aerac rrjv iroXcv awaai. 



AHMOX&ENOTX 
loo IIEPI THZ POAIflN EAET&EPIAX. 



Ol/juao helv v/joas, co dvSpes 'AOrjvaioo, irepo ttjXokovtcov 1 
ftovXevofievov? SoSdvao Trap prjcr lav knacrTw tcov av/x/3ov- 
XevdvTcov. 'Ejco 8' ou8e7rco7TOT6 rjjrjo-a/jLijv ^aXeirov to 
191 BoSd^ao tci /3eXri(TTa vp,a<; (co<? jap eoirelv dirXo}^, arrrav- 
T€? virdpyew €jvcokot€<; jnoo ootfetre), aXXd to ireicrai 
irpaTretv ravra • eireohav jap to Bo^r) koi ^TjcpocrOrj, 
tot6 oaov tou irpa^Orjvao aire^eo baovirep irpiv ho^ao. 
' Eo~to {lev ovv ev mv ejco vo/ni^co %apov vfias Tot? Oeols 2 

O(j)€0\60V, TO TOV$ Sod T7]V aVTCOV bfipOV VfXtV 7roXe/jL7]- 

aavTas ou iraXao vvv ev vplv (xovoo? r^? avTwv o-cottj- 
poa<; e^eov to? e\7r/6a?. ' A^oov 6° ii&Orjvao tg> irapovTO 
Kaipco ■ <Tv/JL{3r}<T€Tao yap v/mv, eav a %pr) fiovXevarjcrOe 
irepo avTov, Tti? irapa twv 8oa/3aXXov7cov ttjv ttoXlv 
rj/jLiov ftXaacprj/jLias epjq) fieTa Sofr;? /caXrjs airoXvaaaOao. 
HiToaaavTo fiev jap ?;/m? e7ro(3ovXeveiv avTols Xioo /cat 3 
Bv^avTioo Kai Po&ooo, tcai Boa TavTa crvvecrTrjaav ecp 
^/xa? tov TekevTalov tovtovo iroXepiov • $avr\o-6Tao S' o 
fjoev 7rpVTavevaa<$ TavTa koo ireoaas Mavo-coXos, (poXos 



72 AHM029EN0Y2 (15) 

elvai cpdcr/ccov 'PoBicov, rrjv eXevOeptav avTcov a^rjprjfie- 
i>o?, ol S' diroBel^avTes avrov? av/xfia^ov; X.I01 kcli 
Bv^civtloi, rot9 drvx/ifiaaiv avTcov ov /3e{3or]dr) /cores, 
vfieis B\ ov<? e<f>o{3ovvTO, /jlovoo tcov irdvTcov Trjs ctcotj)- 

4 plas clvtols alrioi. E/c Be tov rav0 viro iravTcov 
ocpOfjvai Troirjo-ere tovs iroXXovs ev diracrais Tat? iroXecn 
Tovro iroielcrOai crvfApoXov ttjs avrwv acoTrjptas, eav v/ilv 
coat cfrcXot ' ov fiel^ov ovBev av vjuv yevoiTo ayadov rj 
irapa irdvTcov ifcovrcov avvirdrrrov rv%elv evvoias. 

5 Oavfid^co B on tou? avrovs opco virep /iev Aiyvirncov 
lavavrta irpaiTeiv /3aaiXec ttjv iroXcv iretOovTas, virep 
Be rov 'PoBlcov Btj/iov cpoftov/ie'vow; rov dvBpa tovtov. 
Kalroc rov$ fxev ' EXXrjvas bvTa<? airavTes taaorc, tovs B 

6 ev tt) ap'yrf rrj e/ceivov /jLefiepio-fievovs. Ot/xat, B v/jlcov 192 
fivrjfjLoveveiv eviovs otl, tjvck ejBovXeveaOe irepl tcov 
jSacTLkifccov, irapeXOcov irpcoTos eyco iraprjvecra, olfxat Be 
/cdi fiovos 7) Bevrepos eareiv, otl (Jlol crcocppovelv civ Bo- 
/ceiTe, ei Tt]v irpocpacriv Tr}<; irapacrfcevrjs /at) ttjv irpos 
e/celvov eydpav iroiolade, aXXa irapacrKevdtpicrQe fxev 
77730? tou? virap^ovTas e^Opovs, d^vvoicrQe Be Kanelvov, 
eav vfias aBucelv eiri^etprj. Ka\ ov/c eyco fxev clirov 
TavTa, vfilv B ovk eBoKovv opOco? Xe'yeiv, aXXa koi vfuv 

7 rjpecTKe TavTa. A/coXovOo? to'ivvv 6 vvv Xoyos ecrTL /xoc 
Tcp TOTe prjOevTi. 'Eyco ydp, eu (SacriXevs irap avTov 
ovTa fxe crviijSovXov ttoiolto, TavT av avTco irapaive- 
craLfjii airep v/mv, virep fiev tcov eavTOv iroXe/jLetv, eav Tt? 
evavTttoTai, tcov 'EXXtjvcov, cov Be firjBev avTcp irpoo-rj/cei, 



(15) IIEPI TH2 POAIQN EAEY0EPIA2. 73 

tovtcov /jL7]B* dvT tiro tela 6 at ttjv ap%r]V. El fiev ow 8 
6\ft)? eyvcoKare, cu dvBpes J 'Adrjvaloc, bacov av ftaatXev? 
eyfcpaTrjs yevrjTai (p6aaas rj irapaKpovadfxevo^ Tivas twv 
ev Tat9 iroXeai, irapa^copelv, ov fcaXios eyvco/caTe, &)9 eyco 
Kptvco ■ ec Be virep rcov Bucaicov kcli iroXefielv, av rovrov 
8er), /ecu irdayeiv otiovv oteaOe yjpr\vai, irpcoTov jzev v/uv 
tjttov Berjaeo tovtcov, baeo av fiaXXov eyvco/coTes t)t€ 
TavTa, eireiO* a irpoo~r\icei (ppovelv BogeTe. 

( Otc S' ovBev Kaivbv ovt eyco Xeyco vvv /ceXevtov 9 
'PoBlovs eXevOepovv ovO vfiels, av iretadrJTe fiot, itolt)- 
g€T6, tcov yeyevj) fjuevcov vfids tl /cat G-vvevrjvo^oTcov 

VTTOfJLVrjO-Q). C TyLt66? e^€TTe/JL^aT6 TlfloOeOV 7TOT6, O) CLV- 

Bpe<; A07]va2oi, f ^orjO-qaovTa Apiofiap^avr), irpoaypa- 
193 yjravT€<; tco ^(plo-pcaTi [xr] XvovTa ta? airovBd? 
Tfl? irpo? ftacriXea. IBcov S' e/celvos tov fiev * Apio- 
jSap^avrjv (pavepcos acpecrTcoTa ftacriXecos, ^cijuov Be 
<f)povpovfJL€V7]V viro KvirpoOefiiBos, bv KaTeo~Ti}o~€ Tiypd- 
z/77? /Sao-tXeo)? virap%o<;, tco fiev aireyvco fir) /3o7)6eiv, 
TrjV Be irpocrfcade^o/jLevos icai fiorjOrjo-a? rjXevOepcocrev • 
/col pexpi ttjs T7]fu,€pov rj/uiepas ov yeyove iroXe/jios Bid 10 
Tavd* v/aIv. Ov yap ojiolcos ovBet? virep re tov irXeo- 
veKTelv iroXefirjo-eiev av zeal twv eavTov, aXX y virep fiev 
cov eXaTTovvTai, f^e^pc tov BvvaTov irdvTes iroXepbovaiv, 
virep Be tov irXeove/cTelv ov% ovtcos, aXX ecpcevTac fiev, 
eav ti$ ea, eav Be kcoXvOcoctlv, ovBev rjBc/cr]Kevat tov? 
evavTLCdOevTas avTols rjyovvTai. 

Oti B ovB av evavTicoOrjval fioc Bo/ceo Ty irpdget 11 



74 AHM029EN0Y2 (15) 

ravTT) Vvv 'Apre/Mala rrjs iroXeco'; ovarj<; eirv twv 
irpajfJLdTCDV, fiifcpa afcovaavres crKOTreiTe eiT opocos eyco 
Xoyi^ofiai tclvt eire kcll par]. Eyco vopufa irpaTTOVTOs 
pLev ev AlyviTTco iravO , &)? cop/nrj/ce, /3aaiXeco<; acf>o8pa 
av 'Apre/Mo-cav TretpaOrjvai irepuroirjaai ( PoSov avTco, ov 
ttj {3ao~iXeco<; evvoca, aXXa tco (BovXecrOai irXrjcriOv av- 
tt}? SiaTpl/SovTO? eicetvov pueyaXrjv evepyecnav kcltcl- 
Oecrdat 77/90? avrov, iv w? oi/ceioraT avrrjv airoBe^oiTO • 

12 TrparrovTOS $ &)? • Xeyerai, Kai Si7]jnapTr)KOTO<; ot? e7re- 
%etpr)o~ev, r)yelcr0ai ttjv vr)aov Tavrrjv, birep eartv, aXXo 
puev ovSev av elvai BacnXel yjpr\(jipLr}v ev tco irapovrty 
r?5? B avTrjs apxi^ GTreftttfjurfta. irpos to jlltjS otlovv 
irapaKiveiv. "flare \±oi Soxe? juaXXov av vjjlcls eyeiv fir) 
(pavepoos avrrjs evhovar]^ tj icelvov Xa(3elv (BovXeaOai. 194 
Olfiai [lev ovv ovhe ftorjdrjcreiv avrr\v, av o° apa tovto 

13 ttoltj, (pavXcos Kai icaiac 1 ?. Eirei nai (BaaiXea y 6 tl 
fiev iroiriaei, fia A" ovtc av enroifii eycoy co? olSa, on 
fievroi avficpepei 777 iroXev SrjXov rjSrj yeveaOat irorepa 
avTi7roL7]aerac t?;? iroXecos t?J? 'Pohitov r) ov, tovt av 
lo-^vpLaac/irjv • ov yap virep ^PoBlcov fiovXevreov, orav 
avTiTToiirjTai, fzovov, aXX virep vficov avrcnv /cat rcov 
iravTcov 'EXXrjvcov. 

14 Ov fir)v ovB av ei hi avTtov eiyov rr)v iroXiv ol vvv 
ovres ev avrfj PoSiOi, Trapyveaa av vjjllv tovtovs eA,e- 
crdai, ofS' et iravG* vincryyovvTO vpuv iroir\o-eiv. 'Opw 
yap avrovs to fiev irpcoTOV, 67rw? fcaTaXvwai tov Srjfiov, 
irpoaXajSovTa? Tiva? rwv 7roXircov, enreiSr) Be tovt 



(15) IIEPI TH2 POAIGN EAEYGEPIA2. 75 

eirpagav, nrakiv eK/3a\ovra<; rovrovs • tow; ovv fjLrjBere- 
pois 7r£<TTft)? K€Xp7)jjLepovs ovB* av v/mv fieftaiovs r/yov/iai 
yeveo-Qai o-v/i/xayov^. Kal ravr ovBeiror etirov av, eu 15 
ray 'PoBlcov Stj/llm /jlovov rjjov/JLrjv GV/i$epeiv • ovre yap 
rrpogevw rcov avBpoov ovr iBta £evo<; avrcov ovBeis eart 
/uloc. Ou /xr/v ovB* el ravr a/ifyorep r/v, el /ult) Gv/ifye- 
peiv v/mv i)yov/ir)v, elirov av, eirel f Poo7ot9 7^ (el olov re 
rovr elirelv ra> avvayopevovri rfj acorr/pca avrcov^ 
cvyyaipco rcov yeyevr/fievoov, ore rov KOjMaaadaL ra 
v/xerep v/mv $Qovr\Gavre<$ rr)v avrcov ekevOeplav arro- 
\<oXeKao-i, Kat rrapov avrols ' EWt/gi Kal fteXriOGiv 
avrcov v/mv eg Igov GV/i/iayeLv, fiapfldpois Kal BovXois, 
oi/? et9 t<x? aKpo7ro\ets irapevvrac, BovkevovGiv. 0\i- 16 
yov Be Beco Xeyecv, av v/ieis avrols eOeXrjGr/re j3or)6r/Gai, 
t?5 w? Kal Gvvevr\vo^e ravr avrols • ev /iev yap irparrovres 
ovk olo eo iror av ev (ppovr/Gau r/ueXr/Gav, ovres rooioi, 
epyop Be rreipaOevres Kai BiBa^Oevres on 7roWcov KaKcov 
i) avota atria rot? 7roXXot? ytyverat, ray^ av, eo rvypiev, 
GcocppoveWrepot 77-009 rov \oittov rov yjpovov yevowro. 
Tovro S' ov fUKpav co<f>e\ecav avroU r]yov/iai. <&r//u 
Br) xprjvac ireipaaQai Goo^etv rovs avBpas Kal fir) /ivj/gl- 
KaKeiv, ev6vfiov/nevov<; ore rroXXa Kat vjieis vtto rcov 
e7nj3ov\evcravrcov egr/TrarrjaOe, cov ovBevos avrot Bovvai 
BiK7]v BtKaioi av elvai cfyrjaaLre. 

'Opcire Be KaKelvo, to avBpe<; AOr/va'ioL, on 7ro\\ov<; n 
u/xet9 iroXe/iov<$ 7re7roXe/ir]Kare Kal 77-009 Br) /jlok parlay 
Kal 77-009 okiy apylas. Kal rovro /iev lare Kal avrol* 



76 AHM02GEN0Y2 (15) 

aXX! virep cov irpo? eicarepovs eaO vpiv 6 iroXepos, 
tout ccrco? vfiwv ovBel? XoyL^erai. 'Tirep rivcov ovv 
ecrriv ; Upo? pev tovs Br\p,ov<5 tj ire pi rwv iBicov ey/cXi)- 
/jLcltcqv, ov BwrjOevrcov Brjfioaia BiaXvaacrdai ravra, tj 
irepi yrj<; fiepovs t) opcov r) (fuXoveitcias tj rrjs r)yep,ovia<; • 
irpos Be ras oXiyap^ias virep pev rovrcov ovBevos, virep 
is Be ttJ? iroXireia? teal rr)<; eXevOepias, war eycoy ovk 
av 0KVJ]craipLi eiirelv paXXov r)yelcrdai crvpicf>epeiv Brjpo- 
Kparovpevovs tovs f EXXrjva? diravra^ iroXepuelv vpXv 
rj oXiyap%ov{.ie'vov<; (piXovs elvai. IIpo? p,ev yap eXev- 
Oepovs ovtcls ov %aXeirw$ av eiprjvrjv lipids iroi^craadai 
vopi^co, oirdre /3ovXr)6eir)re, irpos Be oXiyap^ovpievovs 
ovBe rr)v fyiXiav ao~$aXr) vopn^co * ov yap ecrO birco? 
oXiyoi ttoXXols Kai ^rovvres apyeiv rols pier co-rjyo- 
pia$ tjr\v r/prjpievois evvoi yevoivr av. 

19 Gavpa^co B , ei piTjBei? vp,wv Tjyeirai Xicov oXiyap- \qq 
%ovpevcov kcu MvriXrjvaicov, koi vvvl *PoBi(ov ica\ irdv- 
tcov avdpcoircDV, oXiyov Beco Xeyeiv^ et? ravrnjv rrjv 
BovXeiav virayopievcov, cvyKivBvveveiv rrjv irap r)piv 
iroXireiav, pirjBe Xoyi^erai rovO , on ovk. ecrriv oira)$, 

ei Bi oXiyapyj,a<$ diravra avarr]crerai, rbv irap vpiv 
Brjpov eacrovcriv. Iaacn yap ovBevas aXXovs iraXtv a? 
eXevOepiav rd irpdypar eiravd^ovras • b'Oev Brj fcafcbv 
avrols av TV yeveaOat irpocrBoKGicri, rovr aveXeiv fiov- 

20 XrjGovTai. Tov<$ puev ovv aXXovs rows aBiKovvrds riva<$ 
avrcov rwv icaicw<s ireirovOorcov e^dpovs ^yeiaQai yjpr\ • 
tou? Be rds iroXireia? KaraXvovras teal p,e6iardvra^ el$ 



(15) IIEPI TH2 POAIfiN EAEY9EPIA2. 77 

oXiyapyjiav kolvovs e^Opovs irapaivw vofuQuv iravrcdv 
twv eXevOepia? eiriQvjxovvTwv. Eireira /cat Sikcliov, co 2] 
avBpe? AOrjvaloi, BrjfjLOKpaTOvixevov^ avrovs roiavra 
(f)povovvTa<; §aivea6ai wepl tcov cltv^ovvtcov Br][iwv 
oiairep av tow; aXXovs a^ucoaane cf)povelv irepl v/jlcdv, et 
7TO0 , b fi7] yevotTO, tolovto tl avfiftcurj. Kai yap ei 
Bi/caLa Ti? (prjcrei 'PoBiovs ireirovOevat, ovtc e7riTr)Beio<$ 
6 Kcupo? ecjyrjaOrjvai • Bel yap tovs evTv^ovvTa^ 7rep\ 
rm> arvftouvTcov aei fyaiveaQai ra /3eXrLara fiovXevo- 
fievovs, eTreiBr}7rep aBrfXov to /xeXXov airaaiv avOpwirois. 

'Akovcd B eya> iroXXaicis evravQi Trap vpuv tlvcov 22 
XeyovTOiv a)?, ore 7)Tvyr\o-ev 6 Btj/jlos r)pbwv, GVve/3ovXev- 
Orjcrav rives avTov acoOr^vat • ojv eyco jjlovmv 'Apyeicov ev 
to> irapovTi /jLvrjaOrjao/jiac fipa^v tl. Ov yap av v/jlcl$ 
/3ovXoip,7]v, Bo£av eyovTas tov (roo^eiv tovs arvyovvra^ 
197 aei, %eipov$ ' Apyeiwv ev TavTt) ttj irpd^et cfravfjvai, 00 
^cDpav bfjiopov ttj AafceBaifiovicov oi/covvTes, opwvTe? 
eiceivov*; yr)$ /cac uaXaTTrjs ap^ovTas, ov/c aircD/cvrjcrav 
ovB e(f>oj3r)0r)o~av evvoi/cco$ v/nlv e^ovTe? (pavrjvai, aXXa 
teat irpecr(Sei<$ eXOovTas e/c AatceBaifjLovos, o>? (pao-iv, 
e^aiTr\crovTm Tiva<$ twv (j)vydBcov twv vfieTepcov eyfrrj- 
(jyiaavTO, eav fir] irpo rjXiov Bvvovtos airaXXaTTWVTai, 
7roXe/jLLOV<; Kplveiv. EIt ov/c ata^pov, co dvBpes A0rj- 23 
valoi, ec to jxev Apyeiwv TrXrjOos ovtc etyofirfir] Tr)v 
AaKeoaijjboviwv apyr\v ev etceivois Tot? /caipois ovoe Tt]v 
pw/jLrjv, vfiels B bvTe<; Adrjvaioi ftapfiapov avOpcoirov, 
feat TavTa yvval/ca, (f>o^t^o-ea0e ; Kal fir\v ol fxev 



78 AHM029EN0Y2 (15) 

eyoiev av enrelv on ttoXXukls 7\rri]vrai [i/7roj AaiceBai- 
fioviwv, v/jL6l<; Be vevtKv^are jxev iroXXa/cis /SacrtXea, 
■)]TTi]a0€ S' ouS' cnra% ovre icov BovXcov rwv ftacnXeoos 

OUT aVTOV €K€lVOU ' €L JClp Tt 7T0V K€KpciT7]K6 TtJ? 7T0- 

Xecos fiaaiXevs, r) row; Trovrjporarow; ro)V 'EXXtjvcov /cal 
irpoBoras avrwv ^prj/iaai iretcra^ 7] ovBap,cos aXkws 

24 KeKpaTTjfcev. Kai ovBe rovro avra> crvvevr l vo'XjEVy aXX 
a/ia evpr\aere avrov rr\v re iroXiv Bia AafceBaifiovicov 
daOevr) rroir\cravra /cat, 7repl t?}? avrov fiacnXeias klvBv- 

. vevaavra 7rpo<? KXeap-^ov /cal Kvpov. Ovr ovv etc rov 
(f>avepov /ce/cparrj/cev ovr eTrifiovXevo-ai, o~vvevr\voy^ev 
avra). 'Opco cV v/xcov eviow; QiXlttttov \xev &)? ap ov 
Bevo<; a^cov ttoWolkl^ oXtycopovvra*;, j3ao~iXea S* g>? 
iGyypov eyOpov oh av irpoeXrjrat, <f)of3ov/u,evovs. Ei Be 
rov fiev «? <f)avXov ovk afivvovpLeOa, ra> Be co? (f>o{3ep(p 
rravO virel^ofiev, irpo<; rcvas, co avBpe<; Adrjvaioi, irapa- 198 
ra^ofieOa ; 

25 Eial Be' rives, co avBpes AOrivalot, Trap vpuv Becvora- 
roi ra Bc/caia Xeyeiv vTrep rcov aXXcov 7rpo$ vfia<;, ot? 
rrapaiveo-atpb av eycoye rocrovrov /jlovov, virep vfiwv 
7T/30? rov? aXXov? ^rjrelv ra Bircaia Xeyeiv, 
iv avrou ra irpoarjKovra irpwroi (palvcovrai iroiovvre<;, 
co? eariv aroirov irepi rwv BiKaiwv v/na<; BiBaaiceiv avrov 
ov Blfcata nroLovvra • ov yap ecrri BUaiov ovra TroXlrTjv 
row; kclO vfxwv Xoyovs, aXXa /xtj rov? virep vficov 

*6 eo~Ke(f)6at. <&epe yap rrpo<; Oeoov GKoirelre, ri Br] iror 
ev Bv^avriw ovBels ea6 6 BiBa^wv eiceivovs /jltj Kara- 



(15) IIEPI TH2 POAIQN EAEY6EPIA2. 79 

Xap,/3dveiv XaXfcrjBova, rj /3ao-t\ea)<; fxev eartv, eo^ere 
£' avrrjv vfiels, e'/ce/j/ot? 8' ovBa/xodev irpoay)KU » pLrjBe 
%r)\v{J,/3piav, iroXcv vfieTepav irore av/ifia^ov ovaav, 
w? aurovs avvreXrj iroielv recti Bv^avrtovs opi^eiv ttjv 
tovtcov yd>pav irapd roi'9 bprcov<; kcli to.? avvdrjicas, ev 
als avrovofjLOVs ras 7ro\ef.? eivai yeypairrai. OvBe 27 
MavacoXov ^covra, ovBe TeXevTrjaavros etcelvov T7)v 
Apre/uLLalav ovBeis ea6 6 BiBagcov fir) /caraXafiftaveiv 
Ka>v teal *PdBov teal aXXas irepa? 7roA,et? ' EXXrjviBas, 
<ov ftaaiXevs 6 e/ceivcov Beairdrr}^ ev reus <jvvQr\icai<$ 
aireaTT] rols ( EXXrjai, teal irepl wv iroXkovs tcivBvvov? 
teai icaXovs aycovas oi tear eiceivovs row? ^povovs EXXrj- 
ve? €7roLrjcravTO. Ei B apa tcai Xeyei ri<; a/Mporepois 
aurols, aXX' oi ye ireiaofjuevoi tovtois, w? eoi/cev, ovtc 

€IGLV. 

'Eyco Be Bitcaiov fiev eivai vopbi^w Kardyeiv rov *Po- 23 
Bicov SrjfJiov ■ ov fMTjv aXXa kclc ei pur] BUaiov f)v, orav 
et? a 7roiovo-iv ovroi fiXe^a), irpoar^Keiv olpLai irapaive- 
199 o-ai tcarayeiv. Aia tl ; Ore iravTwv fiev, w dvBpe? 
AOrjvaloi, ra Bitcaia iroielv wppaqKoroiV ata^pov ^/m? 
fiovovs firj eOeXeiv, diravrosv Be rcov aXXwv birws aBifcelv 
Bvvr\<jovTai irapaaKeva^o/ievcov fiovovs r)fia<? rd Blfcaia 
irporeivecrOaL, firjBevos avTiXafij3avofievov<;, ov BiKaioav- 
vrjv, aXX* avavBpiav riyovpuai • opco yap diravra^ irpo? 
rrjv irapovcrav Bwapav rcov Bacaiwv a^iovpievovs. Kal 29 
TrapaBeiyfia Xeyeiv e%co rovrov ttclgiv vjjlIv yvwpifxov. 
ElgI avvOrjtcai rol$ ' EXXrjcri BittoI rrpos (3acrCXea, a? 



80 A H M O 2 9 E N O Y 2 (15) 

eiroti]aaro i) 7roXi? ?/ i]fierepa, a? cnravre^ eyKco/xia^ovat, 
koI /nerd ravO^ varepov AcucehaifjLovLoi ravras oov Br) 

KCLTTiyopOVGlV ' KUV TCLVT(.W$ OVyt TCLVTa Bacata afl(f)OTe- 

paLS coptarat. Tcov ptev jap lBlwv St/catcov rcov ev Tat? 
iroXtrelat<; oi vofJLOi kolvt]v rrjv pterovatav eSoaav kcll 

L(J7)V KCU TOt? aaOeveat KCLt TOt? ta^VpOl^ " rCOV B EX~ 

Xrjvtfccov St/caicov ol rcparovvres optarat Tot? rjrroat 
ytyvovrat. 

30 EireiBrj rotvvv vfilv eyvcotcevat ra Bt/cata rrotelv 
, vrrdp-^et, dircos fcal rrpa^at ravr ecf> vpuv karat, Set 

aKoireiv. Earat Be ravr , eav vrroXr/^Orjre Koivot 
rrpoararat 7?J? diravrcov eXevdeptas elvat. EiKoro)<$ Be 
puot So/cet yctXeirdrarov v/mv elvat rrpd^at ra Beovra. 
Tols fiev yap dXXots diraatv avOpcoirots et? aycov eartv 
6 7rpo? rovs 7rpocjr}\ov<; e-%0povs, cov eav Kparr]acoatv, 

31 ovSev epLTToScov avrols tcvpiots rcov ayaOcov elvat • vptlv 
B , o) dvSpe? ' 'AOrjvalot, Bvo, ovrds 6 6 real rot? dXXots, 
/cat irpoaeO erepo<$ rovrou irporepo? icat jutet^cov ■ Set 
yap v/jlcl<z (3ovXevopbevov<$ fcparrjaat rcov ravavrta ry 
iroXet irap vjjllv irparreiv Trpo^prj/ievoov. "Orav ovv 200 
/xr)Bev f) Bta rovrovs aKovtrt rcov Beovrcov yeveaOat, 

32 ttoXXgov Btaptapravetv vfxd<; el/cdrco? avptfiaivet. Tov 
fievrot ttoXXovs aSecos ravit]v rr/v ra^iv alpeiaOat rr)$ 
iroXtretas taws fiev at irapd rcov fitaOoBorovvrcov avrov<? 
(o(f)eXetat fiaXtar airtat, ov fir\v aXXa icat vfids av rt<z 
e-^ot St/catco? airtaaOat. ^E^prjv yap, oj dvBpes A6tj- 
vaiot, rrjv avrrjv e%etv Btdvoiav vfids trept rfjs ev rrj 



(15) IIEPI THS POAIflN EAEY0EPIA2. 81 

TroXtreca rafew? r\v irep irepl Tr}$ ev tcu$ arTpareicus 
e%€T€. TV? ovv ecrrlv avrrj ; 'T/zet? tov Xenrovra ttjv 
V7ro tov o-rparrjyov tcl^lv TayOelorav cltc/mov oieaOe 
irpocnqKeiv elvac tcai firjBevbs toov kolvoov fieTe^eiv. Xprj 3 

TOLVVV KCU TOU? T7)V VTTO TOOV ITpOyoVOOV TO^IV €V T7J 

7ro\iT€ia irapaBeBopievrjv XeiirovTa? /cat TroXiTevopbevovs 
oXiyap%itcoo<; aTifAovs tov crviiftovXeveiv vplv aurot? 
TroLelaOai • vvv Be toov puev o-vpLpLa^oov rou? tov clvtov 
e^Spov tcai <f>iXov vfilv k^ecv ofioopbOKOTa^ vopu^eTe evvov- 
<7TaT0f?, tqov Be iroXiTevofievoov ov? laTe era<jf>a>? tov? 

T?}? 7T0\€G)<; e^OpOVS rjprjfJLeVOVS, TOVTOVS ITLCTTOTaTOV^ 

rjyelade. 

'AXXa yap ov% o ti Ti? KaTrjyoprjaec tovtcdv r) too? 34 
aXXoi? vfuv eirnrX^ei ^aXeirov evpelv • aXX airo ttolcov 
Xoyoov, r) Trpd^ews irota^ eiravopQcoaeTai tis a vvv ovk 
opOoos e%ei, tovt epyov evpelv, lam pev ovv ovBe tov 
TrapovTos icaipov irepo ttclvtwv Xeyeiv ' aXX eav a Trporj- 
prjcrOe BvvrjdrjTe eiriKVpoocrai o-vfupepovo-y tlvl irpa^ei, 
tcai TaX)C av tor a)? /caO* ev ael fteXTiov a^oir], Eyco 35 
p,ev ovv oifjuat, Betv vpba<; avTiXapb^dveaOai, toov irpaypua- 
201 toov tovtcov eppoojjLe'voos, Kal irpaTTecv a%ia t?5? 7roXe&>9, 
ev9vfjLovfJbevov<i oti %alpeT cucovovTes, otclv Tt? eiraivri 
tovs nrpoyovovs v/jloov /ecu tcl ireirpayfieva efceivois Bte^tr) 
Kal tcl Tpoirata Xeyr). Nojuu^eTe tolvvv tclvt avaOeivav 
tou? irpoyovovs vfioov ov% iva 6av/xa^rjT avTa 6eoo- 
povvTes fxovov, dX)C Iva tcai jJupbrjo-Qe Ta<z toov avadevToov 
apeTas. 



NOTES. 



(83) 



NOTES. 



OLYNTHIAC I. 

This Oration was delivered in the assembly of the people, 
B. C. 348 or 349, on the application of the Olynthians for 
aid to enable them to repel the attack with which Philip of 
Macedon was at that time threatening them, and proposes a 
definite plan of action suited to the crisis. Its contents are 
as follows : — 

1. That as they must be supposed to be chiefly anxious 
to know what would be for the interest of the city in the 
case in question, they should be ready to listen to any 
who wished to offer their counsel, however little premedi- 
tated. § 1. 

2. That as the present opportunity, although they seemed 
unaccountably indifferent to it, plainly called upon them, 
even out of regard to their own interests, to interfere in 
behalf of the Olynthians, it seemed to him that they ought 
at once to vote to fit out an armament from Athens, of citi- 
zen soldiers, to proceed as soon as possible to their relief, 
and in the mean time send ambassadors to inform them of 
their purpose, and watch the course of events there. § 2. 

3. That the mere presence of the ambassadors would 
do much towards preventing the effect of the wily arts of 
Philip in getting control of the chief interests there ; es- 

8 (85) 



86 NOTES. (1) 

pecially as his very absoluteness, which gave him greatly 
the advantage in war, would prevent the Olynthians from 
coming to any terms with him, lest he might destroy their 
free government, as he had that of so many other states. 
There was every reason, therefore, for espousing their cause 
zealously. § 3-6. 

4. That the fact of the Olynthians being in open hostility 
with Philip, and especially as this had happened in conse- 
quence of his aggressions and injuries, and not at the insti- 
gation of the Athenians, would make them their firm allies, 
and the determined enemies of Philip. § 7. 

5. That their experience of the evils of neglect, in many 
similar cases, especially in that of Amphipolis, should teach 
them not to let so favorable an opportunity, of reestablishing 
their authority in those parts escape them ; since it was 
by such neglects that Philip had attained his present power. 
§ 8,9. 

6. That the opportunity now offered them of repairing 
the loss of Amphipolis, and wiping off former disgraces by 
gaining Olynthus, was another evidence of the continued 
favor of the gods towards them, which had been manifested, 
indeed, at all times, but had generally been frustrated by 
their supineness. § 10, 11. 

7. That such a course was necessary, in order to prevent 
Philip from bringing the war into their own country, as was 
evident from the past career and known activity of Philip, 
compared with their own backwardness and inertness. § 12-15. 

8. That the expedition, in order to be successful, should 
be directed partly to the relief of Olynthus and its neighbor- 
ing cities, and partly against the country of Philip. § 16—18. 

9. That they had sufficient means for sustaining such an 
expedition in the theoric fund, if they were disposed to draw 
upon it ; but if not, they could contribute a special fund for 
the purpose. § 19, 20. 

10. That the condition of Philip, at that time, was far 



(1) OLYNTIIIAC I. 87 

from being formidable, since most of his conquered cities and 
tribes were treacherous and rebellious. § 21—24. 

11. Finally, that unless they now assisted the Olynthians 
in checking the progress of Philip, at this point, he would 
inevitably bring the war into Attica, which would be far 
more disastrous to all. § 25-28. 

§ 1. 'Avn] "against," "instead of," "before," "above." 
Generally used thus with the genitive after verbs of esteem- 
ing, exchanging, preference, and some others, instead of the 
simple gen. of price. *K. §§ 275, R. 4 ; 287. 1, (2), b. ; C. 
§ 54. 10. — uv~\ Belongs to eteodai, and gives it a conditioned 
meaning. K. § 260. (5); C. §73. 4. — to piXkov owolaeiv'] 
" the course which will prove for the interest of the city? 
Like the Latin periphrastic fut. — wvt] Stronger or more em- 
phatic than vvv. — "Qt£~\ Literally, " when," but here used in 
a causal sense ("since"), as our when often is. K. § 338. 

1. — kd£1eiv~\ Observe the difference between this verb and 
^ovlo(j£vo)v (" to be willing to hear those wishing"). — kotcsfi- 
tievog~\ Perf. part, of gkotcelv, from a different stem. (See 
GKoneZre above.) The forms from gko-keu are used, by Attic 
writers, only in the pres. and imperf. — 7m$oit{\ For the opt. 
with uv, after a principal tense, see K. § 339. 3, a ; C. § 73. 

2. — Tvxns] "fortune," "favorable destiny of the nation," 
" happy genius of the state." Demosthenes often speaks of 
the good fortune of Athens. See De Coron. § 255 ; also, 
Philip. I. § 12, el passim. The word is governed here by 
dvai understood, in the sense " to belong to." K. § 273. 2 ; 
C. § 54. 11. — tto?Jm .... ei-rrElv'j " that much of what is re- 
quired should occur to some on the spur of the moment (e/c 
rov napaxpvfia) to speak." ttoIM is the subject of hns'/d <?, and 
einelv depends upon it, and expresses the purpose or result. 
K. § 306, R. 10; C. § 70. 14. See the same construction, 

* K stands for Kuhner's Greek School Grammar (1st Amer. Ed.) and 
C for Champlin's Greek Grammar. 



88 NOTES. (1) 

Plat. Gorg. 485, E. But some govern elneiv by ruv deovrwv 
("much of what ought to be said"). — war'] Followed by 
the infinitive, expresses the consequence or effect merely as 
a conception, as real in thought (i. e. logical), but not as an 
actually occurring fact (" so that in the nature of things," 
"of necessity"). K. § 340. 3, b ; C. § 70, P. 2.— d7r«v- 
tuv~\ " all together," " all of both kinds," that is, both pre- 
meditated and unmeditated. It is stronger than the simple 
nag. — -vfdv'j Governed by ov/iQepovroe, as a dat. of advantage. 
2. f O [j£v .... /catpofj " The present opportunity, then." 
fiev refers to 6', a few lines further on (vfieig d'). It is con- 
cessive, and shapes its clause with reference to that. Its 
force may here be best given by simply placing an accent 
upon opportunity, and 6' may be translated by while. But 
in other cases fiev may be translated by while, whereas, and 
6e by no particular word ; or fdv by although, not only, and 6e 
by yet, hut also, etc. Sometimes when (iev precedes ovv it is 
closely connected with it, and does not point forward to a 6s 
in a following sentence. In this case it is a shortened form 
of (jltjv, and is used with ovv in answers and corrections. K. 
§ 316, P.; also, De Coron. § 130. — fiovov ovxl] "only not"; 
English idiom, almost. — ley el tyoviiv iujueigj " almost speaks, 
sending forth a voice " ; that is, almost says audibly. A 
species of personification. — on ... . eoriv'] Observe here the 
position of k/ceivuv (" those there," " those well known ") and 
avTolq ("selves"), each being placed after its word, and sep- 
arated from it by an intervening word, forming, evidently, a 
sort of after-thought or emphatic addition. Thus : " that you 
should participate in the transactions, — those well-known 
transactions carried on in Chalcidice, and that, too, in per- 
son" (i. e. not by mercenaries), vftlv .... airotg is the dat. 
of the agent after the verbal avrifajirreov koriv. K. § 284. 3. 
(12) ; C. § 59. 11. — avrdv~\ Peflexive of the third person 
used for the second, the reference to the second person being 
sufficiently determined by the person of the preceding verb. 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 89 

Thus often. K. § 302. 8. But some prefer avrtiv, referring 
to npayfiatuv. — 7]aelg 6' . . . avra] Observe the order of the 
words, and the happy manner in which they bring out all 
the nice shades and limitations of the idea intended to be ex- 
pressed. By introducing the attributive part of the object, 
in the form of a separate sentence (ovk old' ovtlvu, "I know 
not what "), between the noun and its verb, the incongruity 
between vfielg and pol (" we seem to me ") is concealed, by 
removing them further from each other, while at the same 
time, by its emphatic position (" while we — / know not 
what"), the idea is rendered more intense. See De Coron. 
§ 67, my note. — 6ri~] " now," " then," " therefore." To be 
variously translated, according to the connection, but always 
referring to the certainty or inevitable character of something. 
It is a shortened and weaker form of ydy, and conforms to it 
very much in usage, except that it cannot stand first in its 
sentence. K. § 315. 1. — y' £<uoi] ye denotes emphasis and 
assurance, and frequently implies a contrast. It usually fol- 
lows its word, but often stands between an article and its 
noun, or a preposition and its case. Its position before or 
after e/ioi seems to vary the meaning just as it is in the Eng- 
lish expressions, at least to me, to me at least, tfioi seems to 
be a sort of attributive to the following word, and to coalesce 
with it into a single idea (" the at least to-me-appearing good" 
= " what appears to me to be proper is "). — 6oKovvra~\ Neut. 
plur. referring to the following infinitives. — fj&n~] "now at 
length," " immediately," " without any further delay." Im- 
plying that there had already been too great delay. And 
thus, generally, v^v refers to time just past or just to come, 
often with the accompanying idea of its being out of season, 
— too late or too early, like the Latin jam. See § $,jin. — 
£vd£vde~J " from here," i. e. from Athens, and not by mercena- 
ry soldiers enrolled abroad. — (iorjdr]Gr}re~\ This is the manu- 
script reading. It has commonly been changed into the fu- 
ture in conformity with Dawes's canon, but that canon is now 

8* 



90 * NOTES. (1) 

rejected, Jelfs K. § 812. — -pv-epov'] Some three years be- 
fore (I). G. 352), during the siege of the castle of Hera 
('llpaiov relxoc) by Philip, they voted to send aid, and talked 
about it. and employed their time in endeavoring to get to- 
gether a mercenary force, till it was too late. See III. § 4. 
— -pecShav <5e] 6e " while." See above. This is the second 
of the two things which he proposed. — ravr''] "these 
things," i. e. their preparations to send them aid. — -apeorai^ 
"shall be in the midst of." So as to watch their move- 
ments. 

3. 'Qg eon .... deof] Let these words be translated pre- 
cisely in the order of the Greek (" as there is especially this 
to fear ") and so in all cases, as fa?' as it can be done and 
make a good English sentence. It is believed that pupils will 
find great advantage from always following this rule in their 
translations. — uvdpu-og'] The reference is to a definite person 
(Philip). Orations being designed for delivery, both crasis 
and elision are more common in them than in other kinds of 
prose, as is always the case in oral discourse. See § 23 ; 

IV. § 50, et ah; also ravdpbg, II. 18. — Trpdyfiaoi xpqodai] " to 
avail himself of affairs," " take advantage of circumstances." 
The shrewd management and untiring activity of Philip are 
often referred to by Demosthenes. See § 14 ; also, II. § 3 ; 
De Coron. § 144. — rd iikv~\ "some things," "partly." So 
tu 6' . . . . ru 6', below. See K. § 247. 3, d. And for the 
repetition of Se, see § 28. note. — kma to tvxv\ m when he may 
chance to yield" " if he yields at all." = " perhaps." tLx-q is 
personal, and ukuv is to be supplied. Thus often. See II. 
§ 10 ; IV. § 46, and other passages referred to by Franke. 
— d=L6-tGTog^\ "Jam multas enim urbes expugnatas excid- 
erat earumque cives vel interfecerat vel vendiderat. Cf. IX. 
11." Saupp. — u-ovoiav~\ "absence," i. e. the want of an em- 
bassy there. This he would turn against them, by making 
it appear to the Olynthians that it arose from a want of in- 
terest in their welfare. — rphpvrcu .... ~pay{ia.Tuv~\ " may turn 



(1) OLYNTIIIAC I. 91 

to himself and wrest from us a portion of our vital interests." 
The phrase, 7a oka irpayfiara, or simply ru 'oka, is used like the 
Latin summa (or summce) res, to express what we call the 
highest interests, the combined interests, or what is of vital im- 
portance, or of a decisive nature, as opposed to what is of 
temporary, local, or subordinate importance. Demosthenes 
regarded it as of primary importance to Athens, that Olyn- 
thus and the other Chalcidian towns should not only be kept 
from falling into the power of Philip, but also should be kept 
from coming to a reconciliation with him, which he was fear- 
ful he would effect by his artful measures, notwithstanding 
their recent rupture and present hostile relations. 

4. Ov firiv akk'2 " yet," " however." This combination of 
particles arises from an ellipsis. The first two properly re- 
fer to some predicate to be supplied from what goes before, 
here rpeipeTai, perhaps (" he will not gain them over indeed, 
but"). — £7rm/«jf] "probably," "perhaps," "almost." — naf\ 
" also." — kudvov iva 6vTa~] " him, a single man," " that he, a 
single man." The subject of elvai. Demosthenes often 
speaks of the advantages which Philip had over them in 
war, from being an absolute ruler, and consequently having 
the whole control of things himself. — avrbv^ " himself," i. e. 
in person. — to tu tov'] Observe the accumulation of articles. 
to refers to the whole substantive idea expressed by the fol- 
lowing infinitive and its adjuncts ; to, is used substantively 
(" the affairs ") and governs TcoUfiov with its article. See a 
similar accumulation of articles, III. § 11. — TLo?\lti Trpoixei] 
" is much in his favor." Trokkti — dat. of measure, K. 285. 3, 
c ; C. § 60. 3. 

5. ov izepl .... x&pag~] A good illustration of the differ- 
ence between -n-epl and vnip, when they approach each other 
nearest in meaning. Translate, " not about glory, nor even 
in defence of a part of their country." imip implies a strong- 
er interest than rcepi, or imep is = " for " (in favor of in de- 
fence of for the sake of) ; -Kepi = "for " (concerning). But 



92 NOTES. (1) 

as used by Demosthenes it is often difficult to distinguish 
them. See De Coron. § 9, my note, Ji)i. — uvaaraaeug'] Gov- 
erned by vTzip, to be supplied from the preceding sentence, 
and in the sense " for the prevention of," since their interest 
was not for but against the thing. — a r*] t* refers forward 
to Kal before TLvSvaluv, and shows that a is to be repeated 
there, a, together with a personal object, is governed by 
knoirioe (" what evil he did to those of the Amphipolitans 
who betrayed to him/' etc., i. e. how he used them). K. 
§§ 279. 2, 280. 2 ; C. § 58. 2. — a^aiov'] Belonging to the 
predicate of y rvpawlg, but in the neuter as referring to XPW^, 
understood, or by way of expressing contempt. K. § 241. 
2 ; C. § 52. 3. " Sententia, cujus Veritas non tantum illis 
temporibus cognita est, saspe a Demosthene repetitur. 
Oat. VI. 21; XXIII. 108." Saupp. — TvojUzda^ Consti- 
tutional governments, as opposed to absolute or arbitrary 
governments. Hence, " free governments," " democracies." 
— ullag ts kuv^ " especially." For an analysis of this com- 
bination of particles, see De Coron. § 5, note ; also K. § 321. 
1, c, examples. 

6. ralTC a TrpoafjKec^ " Scil. evdv/xeladau Gloria majorum, 
Graecise principatus, oppressis opitulandi consuetndo, grassa- 
tiones et injuria? Philippi, periculi magnitudo." Wolf. — 
7tpooix£Lv~\ Supply vovv, " to give attention to," " devote 
yourselves to with zeal." A common usage. Both this, 
and the preceding infin. (7rapo£vvdr/vcu, " to be aroused from 
stupidity") depend upon ede/^aau 

7. Nwt] See § 1, note. Words will generally be ex- 
plained but once, unless some new usage is met with, not 
included in the previous explanation. On the recurrence of 
the word, the pupil can refer to the index to ascertain the 
place where it is explained. — Kal raid''] " and that too." — 
us <£v] " as would." uv exhibits the hypothetical character 
of the optative more strongly. K. § 260. 2. (4), a; C. § 
68. R. 1 . — (lexpc rov~\ " up to a certain point," " for a while," 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 93 

« 

" only temporarily." Opposed to fie(3aiav .... fyOpav, below. — 
ravr' uv . . . . Tjaavl^ Literally, " would have remained cognizant 
of these things," i. e. would have retained this disposition of 
hostility to Philip. The periphrastic form of the verb implies 
the being in a certain condition. K. § 116. 13 ; C. § 35, 1 1. 
It will be observed that this and the preceding clause repre- 
sent a condition and its consequence as contrary to fact or 
what really exists. This is expressed in Greek by the in- 
dicative of the historical tenses with el and uv. K. § 339. 2, 
Lb; C. § 73. 3. Here, where the reference is to past time, 
the imperfect and aorist are usually translated into English 
by the pluperfect. See IV. § 1, note. — e/c t&v .... kyKTaj/iuTuv^ 
"on account of the injuries against themselves." e^, "out 
of," " from," in a causal relation, very naturally comes to 
mean " out of regard to," " on account of." eyKlrjfiuTuv (lit. 
" complaints ") here means " causes of complaints," i. e. in- 
juries. Thus, also, De Pace, § 14. avrovg seems to be the 
true reading rather than avrovg, since the orator, in speaking 
of their hatred, speaks of it from their point of view, that 
is, represents them as entertaining it on account of personal 
injuries. — e'ucdg'] " it is probable," " natural." earl is un- 
derstood, as is generally the case with eln6g. K. § 238, R. 
8, b ; C. § 50, n. 

8. 7rapa7r£7rrw/c6ra] "unexpected." Observe the force of 
rcapd in composition (" having fallen out contrary to expecta- 
tion"). — ravrov'] Thus, also, § 2, and most commonly in 
Demosthenes. But the form without the final v (ravro, III. 
18 ; also roiovro, togovto, rrfkiKovro, instead of the forms with v) 
is often found in Demosthenes, as in other authors. K. § 
96, R. 1 and 2. — ^/co/zev] That is, home, or hither, = " when 
we had returned." They had just returned (B. C. 358) 
with a victorious army from Eubcea, where they had been 
to expel the Thebans (see De Chersones. § 74, seq.), and 
might, therefore, have proceeded at once, in compliance 
with the entreaties of the Amphipolitan ambassadors, to the 



94 NOTES. (1) 

• 
rescue of Amphipolis. But Philip dissuaded them from 
undertaking its defence, and took the place himself. See II. 
6, note. — em] For the accusative after this with a verb 
of rest, see V. § 11. The contest with Philip for the re- 
covery of Amphipolis continued eleven years, and was, in- 
deed, the commencement of a long series of difficulties be- 
tween Athens and him, which ended in the conquest of 
Athens itself. 

9. n{>(5x>a] This and the other places named here, to- 
gether with Pherse, Magnesia, and some other places in- 
cluded in rulla (see § 12, Jin.), were important cities at the 
head of the .ZEgean sea, in each direction from Amphipolis, 
situated either in Thessaly, Macedonia, or Thrace, and 
mostly in alliance with, or in some sort of dependence upon, 
Athens. They were taken possession of, one after another, 
by Philip, till, a few years from the taking of Amphipolis, 
he had reduced them all under his power. — ivl ru npuTcS] 
" to one, the first," " the first one," " the most important," 
— " Rarius decendi genus. Cf. Isaeus, 8, § 33." Saupp. 
— fidovi'] " easier to conquer or control" — Nw] " as it is," 
" Particulae temporis saepe internae rerum rationi expri- 
mendas adhibentur." Saupp. — oxyoeiv'] Rarer form for 
egsLv, but common in Demosthenes. See § 14; De Coron. 
§ 45. But it rarely has the meaning simply " to have." 
" Hoc sensu solet e&iv dici." Saupp. — ovTog .... '01vvdiuv~\ 
" this of the Olynthians," " this offered by the state of the 
Olynthians." The clause is parenthetical, and explains 
naipbg .... rig. "Interdum Grasci ita loquuntur, ut, quum 
primo rem indefinite significaverint, deinde earn certo defin- 
itam adjiciant." Saupp. 

10. Tig uv~\ Tig is the subject of donel, which is personal 
here, and from this arises the peculiarity in the structure of 
the sentence. See De Coron. § 107, where the construction 
is the same as here, except that the attracted nominative 
(here Tig instead of tivu) has no predicative qualifications, as 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 95 

here (dinaiog Tioyiorr/g . . . . KUTaardg). uv is preparatory, being 
designed to indicate the character of the concluding part of 
the sentence, before the intermediate clauses are introduced. 
It is repeated, therefore, in the closing part of the sentence 
(av exeiv) ; C. § 73. 7. — Katrrep .... no7CkC)v~\ " although many 
things do not go with us as could be desired." — uTcoTiuheicivai] 
Understand v^dg. For the frequent use of the infinitive by 
Demosthenes in the place of nouns, see De Coron. § 1, note, 
Jin. — aara rbv notefuyv] The war for the recovery of Am- 
phipolis. The extension through the war is conceived of 
as " down through," and hence Kara is used ; when dvd is 
used, the conception is "up through," whether from the 
past towards the present, or from the present towards the 
past. — rjjg rjiierepag a/j,eMag~] Partitive gen. governed by 
deir] (" would place to the account of" = would refer to. K. 
§ 273. 3 ; C. § 56. 3). The terms are those of an accountant 
(loyioTTjs). See De Coron. 227, note. — pyre . . . . rf\ " neither 
.... and." A negative and positive clause, found occa- 
sionally in Greek, as also in Latin. Jelf's K. § 775. 3. 
tirjTE, and not otire, is used, because the conception expressed 
by the infinitive with the article is necessarily general, and 
refers to no particular case. K. § 318. 4. — na2,ai] "long 
ago." — tovto'J " this," i. e. loss. Or rather, rovro is here an 
attributive of the kindred idea, " this suffering" = " thus." 
K. § 278. R. 1 ; also, Soph. Antig. v. 550, Woolsey's note. 
— 7re(j)7jvevaf\ Second perf. The first perf. is not used by 
good writers, on account of the unharmonious combination 
of the letters y/ca which it would require. So of all verbs 
whose perf. would require this combination. K. § 149. 6; 
C. § 37. R. 6. — avfifiaxiav .... avrip'p'oTrov'^ " an alliance coun- 
terbalancing these things," i. e. promising to repair their 
losses in the contest with Philip for Amphipolis. Referring 
to the Olynthians, who were soliciting their alliance and 
aid against Philip. — 6eir}v~] " Personse mutatio in verbo 
finito Qeirj uv rig et eyuys av Oeiev aptissima. Primum non ipse 



96 NOTES. (1) 

ex sua persona vult dicere, altereum dicere suo nomine 
gaudet." Bremi. 

11. TTap6[ioi6v ioTui] This illustration of the principles of 
national gratitude for the favors of Providence, by those of 
gratitude to Fortune for her favors, is very ingenious and 
forcible, and characteristic of the manner of Demosthenes, 
of summing up and bringing out, in an apt and vivid illus- 
tration at the close, the spirit and force of a series of obser- 
vations on some topic which has preceded. See other illus- 
trations of this method, § 15 ; III. § 33 ; IV. § 40 ; also, De 
Coron. § 243, note. — dv . . . . av~\ The first is a contraction 
of kav (hence it stands at the beginning of its sentence), and 
the other is the modal dv. — dvaXuaag Ag%] " unconsciously 
spent." The verb may be rendered adverbially, and the 
part, like a finite verb. K. § 310. 4, 1 ; C. § 71. R. 1. 
dvaTdoKo is found both with and without the augment in the 
augmented tenses; but the form with the augment pre- 
vails in Demosthenes, and the orators generally. How- 
ever, nearly all editors admit the unaugmented form here, 
in the compound which follows (avvd?MCE). — ■ ruv TrpajfLdruv] 
" affairs," " public interests." — npdg] " in view of," " accord- 
ing to." A meaning arising directly from its primitive sig- 
nification, before. — ruv virap^dvrcov'] " what has already taken 
place," "the favors of fortune," (See II. 2, note). The 
npiv or npo found in some MSS. seems unnecessary. — 
k>ravopdG)od/j,evoL~J " having rectified," " set right." 

12. ml] "also," i. e. if they should send away the 
Olynthian ambassadors without aid, as they had the Am- 
phipolitans. — eh' .... KaTaoTpe^erat] This sentence is 
parenthetical in its nature ("if we reject these men — then 
he will subvert Olynthus — )." In other words, it is a 
direct assertion thrown into the midst of a hypothetical 
sentence, and thus represents the act as certain and inde- 
pendent of the condition, and consequently adds much to 
the vivacity of the sentence. — to mf dpxdg] " at the first." 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 97 

The article gives a substantive meaning to the preposition 
with its case. See I. 6. — To irpurov'] " At the commence- 
ment." The article shows that TtpCorov is used substantively ; 
without the article it is used adverbially (" firstly," " first 
of all"). "Adverbiorum varietas (to rrpurov, neru Tavra, tzoXlv, 
avdig, eha) Philippi et negotiositatem et artium quibus usus 
sit varietatem apte depingit." Saupp. 

13. rtavd' .... rponov'j "having secured to himself all as 
he wished." nuvd' is a sort of summing up and enlargement 
of the separate items included in $epag k. v. 7i. rpbirov is an 
accusative expressing the aim or manner. K. § 278, R. 3 ; 
C. § 57, P. 9. Philip entered upon his conquests in Thrace, 
B. C. 352, a year after he entered Thessaly, and six years 
after he took Amphipolis. — rovg p£v .... Karaarfjaag^ He 
ejected Teres and Cersobleptes, and established Amadocus 
and Berisades. Wolf. — ttuXlv .... uneKlivev] " again obtain- 
ing relief (lit. having become easy, he had not fully re- 
covered) from sickness, he did not turn aside to indulge in 
idleness." The allusion here is to his attack upon Olynthus, 
which gave rise to this and the two following orations. — 
en' . . . . 7rpof] the proper meaning of em being " upon," and 
that of irpog , " face to face," " against," the expeditions seem 
to have been differently conceived of by the speaker. The 
first two, perhaps, were the most successful, and were more 
wasting, ravaging campaigns (" descent upon, among ") than 
the other, of which nothing is known. Franke places the 
first two in B. C. 356, and the last in B. C. 352. Arymbas 
was uncle of Olympias, wife of Philip, and king of a tribe 
in Epirus. This outline of the career of Philip should be 
firmly fixed in the memory. 

14. tl$ av e"lttol~\ This sentence is parenthetical. In § 19, 
and elsewhere, av is found before rig, making the same dif- 
ference in meaning as in the two English sentences, one 
would sag, and would one say. — "Iva yvdit, .... aladrjodf^ 
" that you may know and perceive." An oratorical 

9 



98 NOTES. (1-) 

pleonasm. The first word refers to mental, and the second 
to sensible perception; hence the second implies a more 
vivid conception. Such oratorical expansions are common 
in Demosthenes, though never carried to excess. See De 
Coron. § 21, note. — ufifbrepa] A sort of preparatory ace. 
in apposition with what follows. See II. 1, note. — Had' 
tuaoTov ueC\ "always in each individual case." — aya-nrjaag rolg 
mirpay/iivoig] " having become satisfied with what has al- 
ready been accomplished." The dat. expresses the ground 
or reason. K. § 285. 1, (1); C. § 60.1.-6^] Philip. 

— h/vuKug ZoTai'j "shall habitually feel or think." For the 
peculiar force of the periphrastic form, see § 7, note. — 
uvrCArjiTTEov^ A verbal, implying duty or obligation, to be 
taken with elvai, understood, and the dat. of the agent (here 
the Athenians), — "you must participate." — ttot'] "I 
should like to know." Corresponding to the Latin tandem. 

— elms'] Understand hariv. — Ta/ievryaat] Used instead of 
the future to express the bare action of the verb. K. § 258. 
R. 2 ; C. § 63. 5, 5. teaevtuv takes elg with the accusative, 
because it implies motion. K. § 300. 3, b ; C. § 82. 2. 

15. dang] The relative clause here, after ovrug, is used 
instead of an adverbial clause introduced by tiara, bang = 
uare avrog, as, in Latin, qui is often equivalent to ut is. K. 
§ 334. 2. — knsldev] Attracted into this form by the in- 
fluence of the following verb of motion, instead of end (" the 
war there" "the war now remote from us"). K. § 300, 
R. 8 ; C. § 82, R. 2. — 'A^ ^»] " But in truth," " but most 
assuredly." uaau is adversative, and iijjv confirmatory. — ^] 
After verbs of fearing, etc., followed by the finite verb, as 
here, means "lest," "whether not," like the Latin ne or 
numne. K. § 318, R. 6 ; C. § 81, R. 3. — davei&ftevoi . . . . 
roKoig'] " hiring money without concern (fradlog) at the high 
rates." The article here, as in most cases, corresponds 
entirely to the English article the in usage ; here it denotes 
a thing as well known ("those high rates so common at 



(1) OLYNTI-IIAC I. 99 

Athens," they varied from 10 to 36 per cent.). For the 
rates of interest in Attica, see Boeck. Pub. Econ. Ath., Bk. 
I. Ch. 22. — ml rC>v .... aKeGTr)oav~\ " have been wont to be 
rejected even from their paternal estates." The aorist here 
expresses a general truth, as the result of experience, — 
what has always been found to be the fact. This is what is 
called the frequentative use of the aorist, and is very com- 
mon in the indicative (C. § 63. 2)^ but is not used thus in 
the oblique moods. (See the learned note of Professor 
Felton, Aristoph. Clouds, new edition, p. 157—162.) drre- 
oT7](jav, being in the second aorist, is intransitive, and hence 
is capable of being rendered passively, as above. — ml ttoAAw] 
"at a high interest." That is, if they now purchased 
quiet by paying Philip a large tithe of their possessions for 
it, he would' by and by take the whole, Attica and all. 
— 7^j3ov?i6fiedaj See also the form with the simple augment 
e, § 13 ; also, IV. § 51. And so of the other two verbs 
(dvvanai and pello) which vary the augment thus ; they are 
found with both forms in Demosthenes. 

16. T:avrbf\ Possessive gen., governed by elvai. So also 
av^ovlov, below. K. § 273. 2, c ; C. § 54. 11. — rb <$'] rb 
shows that all the words, including the relative clause and 
-all, as far as airocpaiveadac, constitute one substantive idea 
(lit. "^e-to-meet-the-present-exigencies-what-it-is-necessary- 
to-clo," i. e. what it is necessary to do to meet the present 
exigencies). — rovg ahiovg"] "those to blame," "the guilty 
ones." — ev bpyr/ izocelade^ lit. " you place in anger," i. e. are 
angry at, = bpyi&Gde. So <jc ev aiaxvvy Troiqatov. De Coron. 
136; also, e-oiet ev urc/xia elvac, Xen. Mem. I. 2. 51. — //^] 
Used because the negation is merely a supposed or con- 
ceived one, and not actual. K. § 318. 1, and 3, e. — ov p?i>] 
" not surely," or rather, in an antithesis, " yet not." Jelf 's 
K. § 728. 3, b. Used in asserting as not true what might 
be supposed, from what has gone before, to be true. Xen. 
Mem. I. 2, 5, Kuhner's note. — vTrooTeilaodac] lit. " to furl 



100 NOTES. (1) 

my sails," i. e. conceal his opinions. "Vela contrahere 
improprie dicuntur oratores, qui ingruentis iras populi 
quasi tempestatis providi cautionem adhibent in dicendo 
reticentque si quae iram populi excitare posse videantur 
neque audent animi sentehtiam libere eloqui. Cf. IV. 
51." Franke. 

17. 6ixy~} " m two ways." Originally referring, proba- 
bly, like all the adverbs with a feminine dative termination, 
to 6d£> understood. — rag jroAeif] " rug ev -y Xa?jiu5ui?j (XIX. 
266), duas et triginta numero (IX. 26, quas Philippus 
exeunte 01. 107. 4 (A. C. 349), in suam potestatem re- 
degarat." Franke. — darepov^ " the one or the other." 
Formed by crasis from rov k-epov. K. § 10, R. 2. 

18. vnofieivag tovtc'] " enduring this," i. e. the ravaging of 
his country. — irapaarqaeTcu] " shall subject to himself." 
Used as in Soph. O. C. 913, where the scholiast says : 
to napicTaoai laov earl t£) Kara6ov?jolg kcu VTroxeipiov Tvocelg. — eig 
'O?a)vdov~] Instead of h> , 0?mv6( 1 }, on account of the motion 
implied in [3o-r]d7)cravT(jv (" having brought aid to Olynthus," 
instead of "having rendered aid in Olynthus"). See § 14, 
note ; also, IV. § 3, 4. — ru oikol^ " the affairs at home," i. e. 

his country. — npooKadedelrcu nal Tzpoosdpevaei^ " shall sit down 

by and watch the affairs." Words relating to a siege and 
nearly synonymous, but employed for the sake of oratorical 
fulness, and the better to express the patience and assiduity 
with which he would prosecute his designs. 

19. yiyvuGKci\ "I think." As yiyvuoKEiv refers to in- 
ternal knowledge, it often has this meaning. — xprifiuTtov 
Ttopa/u] " a way of procuring means," " source, income of 
means." He now proceeds to consider what means they 
had for sustaining the military operations proposed. He 
goes on to say that they had means, — the largest military 
fund of any people (see IV. § 40). He refers to the theoric 
fund, which was originally a military fund ; but it had been 
diverted to theatrical purposes, and other purposes of pleas- 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 101 

ure, by the demagogues, for the sake of pleasing the people, 
who had even made it penal for any one to propose a bill for 
reclaiming it to military purposes (see Boeck. Pub. Econ. 
Ath., Bk. II. Ch. 13). He has to deal very cautiously with 
the subject, therefore. He touches the same subject again, 
III. § 11. — wf fiovteode'] "as you wish," i. e. not as they 
should. Referring to their misappropriation of the fund 
to the purposes of pleasure. — trpoodez .... hv6ef\ Observe 
the difference between these two words ; the latter imply- 
ing a total want or absence of what is needed, and the 
former only a partial want. — airavrog'] Placed before the 
article, as in English ("all the"). K. § 246. 5, 7 ; C. § 49. 
10. — ■yptyeig'] "propose." This was forbidden by law. See 
above. . 

20. Ma] " no by," or, simply, " by." When without vat 
used only in negative sentences, or in sentences preceded 

01* followed by a negative. — nal ravr' elvai GrpaTcurtKa^ 

He does not propose to divert the theoric fund to military 
purposes, but says there was need of its being done. — not 
uiav .... diovra] " and that there should be one system, 
the same both of receiving and doing what is proper ; " i. e. 
that all should be allowed to draw pay from the theoric 
fund, and should be required, in turn, to serve their country 
in the army, or otherwise, as the case demanded. The 

plan is more fully developed, III. § 34. — ifielg 6e kopTag~\ 

"while you think it necessary thus, somehow, without trou- 
ble, to receive them for the festivals." ovru is explained 
by uvev npayfi&Tuv (" thus, namely, without trouble," i. e. with- 
out public service). — " nog vero adjecit, ut fieri id quidem 
aliquo modo diceret, sed quomodo fieri posset se non intel- 
ligere." Saupp. At all the principal festivals money was dis- 
tributed from the Theoricon for sacrifices, etc. See Boeckh's 
Pub. Econ. Ath., Bk. II. 303; also De Coron. § 119.— 
"Egtl dr) 1olt:6v~\ That is, they must do this if they would per- 
sist in thus misapplying the theoric fund, and not allow it to 

9* 



102 NOTES. fl) 

be appropriated to military purposes. — Act ds xpvf^ruw^ 
" any how (<5e) we must have money." Money is the nerve 
of war. 

21. nadeorriKe] Intransitive; "have become settled" = 
are , — tu. *^,47T7T(w] " the affairs of Philip / mean." Added 
at the last of the sentence, as a kind of after-thought, for the 
purpose of further defining ru -npay^ara, which has all along 
been used of the affairs in Chalcidice. — ug av /caAAicr-'] " as 
favorable as they might be." exol is understood, to be sup- 
plied from £^£i, one form of the verb from another, as is 
often the case. K. § 346. 2, a. ug implies ovrug (" thus 
as,") which, like other demonstrative words, is usually un- 
derstood in Greek, unless some emphasis rests upon them, 
and only the relative word expressed. Supplying the sen- 
tence containing the demonstrative, it would become "so 
favorable as the most favorable." . K. § 343, R. 2. " Op- 
ponuntur vero particulis ovte .... ovre ea quae jam habeat 
Philippus (to, Trapovra) et belli jamjam futuri fortuna in- 
certa." Saupp. — tovtov kKtivog~\ Placed last for emphasis 
(" this war, he "). — d -koae^eIv .... avr6v~] " if he had thought 
he should be under the necessity of carrying it on." Here 
■jvolefiecv .... def/oetv seems to be entirely equivalent to the 
verbal ixo\E\iriTEQv eaeadai. — kg krndv^ lit. " as if advancing," 
i. e. by a mere feint of fighting. The construction is the 
same as in the phrase tig elrtetv. K. § 341. R. 3 ; C. § 70. 
15. — kcltcl 6ie\[)EvoT<u~\ "and then he has been deceived," 
" wherein he has been deceived." A copulative with a 
demonstrative word is equivalent to the corresponding rela- 
tive, as et is is equal to qui. The use of Kdra here must 
be accounted for something in this way. — ysjovog^ " having 
taken place." Agrees with rovro. 

22. Tavra.] In the neuter, perhaps, on account of the in- 
fluence of to. in the preceding sentence, but referring, evi- 
dently, to the Thessalians themselves, or rather to their 
character. — ko/m6?) 6\ : . . . tovtcS^ "and just as tjiey were, 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 103 

are they now also to him," i. e. treacherous. " Proverbium 
vero erat : ael yap ra QcttclTiuv amara" Saupp. — ere] " any 
longer." He had enjoyed the revenue from them since his 
expedition to Thessaly (see § 13, note), by virtue of his 
conquests there. — Kapnovcdcu] Infin., expressing the purpose 
or result ("to reap the fruits of"). See § 1, note ; C. § 70. 
14. — ru .... koivu] "public interests," " governments," "con- 
federation." — utto rovruv] " by these revenue's" and is often 
used thus with the genitive to denote the instrument or 
means. K. § 288. 1, (3), f; also Olynth. III. § 34.— «fc] 
"it were proper." This is in the opt. (but with yap in- 
stead of on), since the orator, in giving a reason for the 
course of the Thessalians, gives it at the same time as their 
view. K. § 345, R. 1. — elg areibv .... KaTaarfjaerai] "the 
means of support for his hired soldiers will be reduced to 
an utter strait." £evof£ is dat. of advantage after Tpofrjg. 
avru is dat. of the person in respect to whom the act takes 
place, with the verb KaraaT^oeTat. K. § 284. 3, (10) ; C. 
59. 10. 

23. ye] " too " (" but in truth the Paeonian too.") The 
singular for the plural. K. § 243. 2 ; C. § 47. 1 . — folds'] 
" in short." — nal yap] Like the Latin etenim, are employed 
when the reason is a clear one ("for truly"). Strictly, 
they do not both belong to the same predicate, but yap re- 
fers to some confirmatory sentence understood (as, " well it 
may be so," or something of the kind), which not connects 
with what goes before. — avdpuKog] Observe the rough 
breathing (for 6 avdpwKog). Used by way of contempt for 
Philip. See De Coron. § 139. " Philippus comi quidem 
et miti animo erat, sed ita ut interdum gravi ira correptus 
in devictos petulanter et insolenter ageret. Conf. § 3 ; III. 
18, seqq. ; IV. 9; IX. 26." Saupp. — to yap . . . . yiyverai] 
" for well-doing (success) beyond one's desert (i. e. un- 
worthily, unjustly) is the occasion of evil thinking (inso- 
lence) to the rude." The allusion is to the well-known 



104 NOTES. (1) 

effects of sudden success upon uncultivated, low-bred men. 
The student will observe the antithesis (which it has been 
attempted to preserve in the translation) between ev ttputteiv 

and na/iug opovetv. 

24. unatpiav .... Kaipbv^ Observe the play upon the words, 
(his extremity, your opportunity). — ovvapaodai to. irpuypaTa] 
" to help sustain the undertakings," i. e. to join with the 
Olynthians in repelling Philip from Chalcidice. The figure 
is taken from helping one bear a load. — kf a 6el~] " for 
what the case demands," i. e. for the purposes explained in 
§ 2. — rovg ullovg a-avrag~\ Not only the other Greeks, but 
the allies and subjects of Philip also. — luj3ot] " might re- 
ceive," " be favored with." — Trpdg ry x&pq] " on the borders 
of our country." With the dat. irpog denotes rest before or 
in the presence of something ; hence, near. — Trtig uv . . . . 
'EAflwi;] The structure of the preceding part of the sentence 
strictly requires here on krotfiorar' uv kid., but by a species of 
anacoluthon, the orator adopts the interrogative form as 
more vivid. — EiV] Expressing indignation, as we often do 
by then, these things being so, etc. — d fiyd' .... kKelvog~] " if 
not even what you would suffer, if he should be able," 
i. e. the hardships of war. There is a contrast between 
Tudorf and irocrjaaL (" will not dare to inflict what you would 
suffer"), oh is used before Tol^aere, because the negation 
contained in fijjd' is a mere negation of its clause, ov is used 
instead of fi% because it forms with its verb but a single 
idea (" shall shrink from"). K. § 318, R. 1. 

25. "Etj toiwv^ "besides then," = porro. roiwv is prop- 
erly a causal or deductive particle, but often has the causal 
meaning in so slight a degree, that it simply indicates a 
continuation or transition. It is thus in the present case. 
See K. § 324. 3, c. — kicsZvov'J Observe the emphatic position 
of this word at the end of the sentence. — uwexri'] " hold out 
against him," " resist him" — ryv V7?apxovoav .... nap-ovfievoij 
xupav is understood here (" the country in our possession 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 105 

and inherited from our fathers "). Thus, also, in the pre- 
vious sentence, and often, (see § 18). Attica is meant. 
This, he says, they would enjoy the benefits of fearlessly, 
since Philip would be kept at a distance. 

2G. Mr/ liav .... eToij.iog~\ " Let it not be deemed too 
severe to be said : they will even zealously unite with him 
in making the irruption." The fact was, that the Thebans 
were urging Philip to make an irruption" into Attica. — 
oloi re] See II. § 17, note. The Phocians were in the midst 
of the Sacred War. They were hard pressed by the The- 
bans, and threatened by Philip. The Athenians were ac- 
tually aiding them. — 'All' Z> rav\ " Est blande objicientis ; 
d> rdv enim, ut grammatici dicunt, eTacpinr} enduvrjcts" Schaf. 
It is employed in representing an opponent as courteously 
suggesting something to avoid a preceding conclusion. See 
De Coron. § 312. — Tuv urorcordruv .... eKla?ieZ~\ "it would, 
indeed, be the most absurd of all things, (lit. of the most ab- 
surd things. See II. 2), if what, although at the risk of the 
imputation of folly, he nevertheless blazes abroad." The 
adversative particle ofiug is used here with reference to 
the concessive idea (" although ") contained in the pre- 
ceding part. — 7rpu£«] In the fut. instead of the opt., be- 
cause the condition is regarded as a fact or reality. K. § 
339. 3, a. 

27. rpuiKovra Vfiepag'j " Sic vulgo dicebatur pro (iqva." 
Schaf. — e£« yevEadai^ That is, in Attica, but out of the 
city. The argument is from the weaker to the stronger 
case. The aorist is used because the simple fact of being 
from Athens is the main conception, and not the continu- 
ance ; or it is conceived of as a single act. But the receiv- 
ing provisions from the products of the country, while on 
camp service, is a repeated and continued act, and hence re- 
quires the pres. (la^av£Lv). K. § 257. 1. — Tcliov .... deda- 
navr]ade~] " as many of you as are farmers (i. e. either 
owners or tillers of the soil) would, I think, suffer more loss 



106 NOTES. (1) 

than what you nave expended during all the war hitherto 
(npb tov)" i. e. the war with Philip, commenced about ten 
years before, in a contest for Amphipolis, and extending to 
'other places and interests, till it had finally reached Olyn- 
thus. According to Dem. Olynth. III. § 28, it cost Athens 
fifteen hundred talents. — tt61e(i6c «c] " a certain war," 
" any war," i. e. an actual war, and not a mere encamp- 
ment out of the city, as in the case just supposed. — TcpooeoQ'~\ 
" there is added," " there is in addition." As the Latin ac- 
cedit is often used. — v vj3pie .... aloxvvrf\ " the insolence 
(i. e. of the enemy) and the shameful management of 
affairs (i. e. on the part of the Athenians themselves)." 
— ovdeytag £%uttuv~] " less than none." Thus the Greek 
generally. See § 9 ; also, Xen. Mem. I. 5, 6. But we 
usually say, " not less than any." " Less than none (not 
one) " is logically the same as " not less than any." (C. § 
54, R. 2.) It is not strange, therefore, that the Greek 
should adopt one form, while the English and most other 
languages adopt the other. — role ye caxj>pooiv~] " at least in 
the view of judicious men." The dat. here denotes the per- 
son in whose view the thing is so. K. § 284. 3, (10) ; C. 
§ 59. 10. We have here a good illustration of the force of 
ye. See § 2, note. 

28. eneZoe~J In Chalcidice ; abroad, out of Attica. — Kaltig 
TToiovvTeg~\ "by the blessing of God." See De Coron. § 231, 
note. " Hasc et similia addimt ii, qui quod vel facere ali- 
quem vel alicui evenire dicunt laudant. Laudant quia vel 
recte facere alter videtur, vel gaudent ei bene evenire." 
Saupp. — rj!uiia\ The military age among the Athenians 
commenced at nineteen. See De Coron. § 177, note. The 
sentiment expressed here is very patriotic, and reminds one 
of those celebrated lines of Burns : — 

" Then, howe'er crowns or coronets be rent, 
A virtuous populace may rise the while, 
And stand a wall of fire, around their much-loved isle." 



(1) OLYNTHIAC I. 107 

— auepaiov'] Expresses the result, " so that it may be 
safe." If it had a strictly attributive sense, it would have 
been placed between the article and its noun. K. § 245. 3, 
a, b. — rovg 6e Tieyovrag ] The orators. Observe fe here used 
the second time after fiiv, in enumerating several classes 
or particulars, of which all the succeeding stand slightly 
opposed to the first (" not only the rich .... but also the 
young .... and the orators too"). — lv at, k. t. A.] "that 
the rendering up of the account of their public measures 
may be easy, since very much as affairs are with you, such 
judges will you be of their measures. May they be favorable, 
for the sake of all ! " That is to say, as it was obviously 
better for the country to meet Philip on foreign than on 
their own soil, even the orators were interested in sustaining 
him in the course which he was proposing, of sending out 
an army immediately to the relief of Olynthus.; since, other- 
wise, Philip would enter and ravage their country, and thus 
bring down the indignation of the people upon them for not 
adopting a policy to keep him out of the country, una is 
a less common form for nva (K. § 93, R. 2), and, like that, 
used with pronouns in the sense of fere, somewhat, etc. K. 
§ 303. 4 ; C. § 48. 9. Observe that ruv nETcoXtTEv/ievov and 
ruv TzeTTpajnevcjv refer to the same things, but the former as 
mere measures proposed, and the latter as accomplished. 
■KtpLGTri is aorist, as expressing a single completed result. K. 
§ 257. 1. — elvEna] This preposition is found also in two 
other forms in Demosthenes, namely, ivem, henev. See II. 
§ 28 ; De Pace, § 6; also, K. § 288, R. 



108 NOTES. (2) 



OLYNTHIAC II. 

This Oration was delivered soon after the preceding, in 
the same year (B. C. 349), in order, as is generally sup- 
posed, to decide the wavering Athenians, who were reluc- 
tant to enter into the contest with so formidable an enemy 
as Philip, to hurry off, as speedily as possible, the armament 
which had been voted on the previous occasion. This he 
endeavors to effect, by exhibiting the insecurity of the 
power of Philip, on account of his unjust and faithless char- 
acter. The course of thought is as follows : — 

1. That the favor of the gods towards them, conspicuous 
in many things, was more conspicuous in nothing than in 
raising up for them against Philip such enemies as the Olyn- 
thians. It became them, therefore, to act worthily of the 
occasion, and not, by abandoning the allies which the gods 
had thus raised up for them, to prove themselves the most 
unworthy of men. § 1, 2. 

2. That he did not think it best to attempt to stir them up 
against Philip, by referring to the dangerous power which 
he had already acquired, since this would only reflect credit 
on him and disgrace upon themselves ; inasmuch as it would 
appear that his growth had been promoted by shameless 
neglect, and even by treachery, on their part. He would 
rather arouse them by describing the unfair and deceptive 
means which he had made use of in acquiring it. § 3, 4. 

3. That, by the deceptive policy which he had uniformly 
employed in gaining his ends, till he had exhausted all its 
arts, he had not only made himself appear contemptible, but 
had laid the foundation for a reaction against him among all 
with whom he had had any thing to do, including even his 
Thessalian allies. § 5-8. 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 100 

4. Nor could lie, as some seemed to suppose, maintain 
his position by force, since he could not rely upon his allies, 
who were only waiting for an opportunity to join his ene- 
mies and revenge themselves upon him. His kingdom was 
founded in injustice, and could not stand. § 9, 10. 

5. That, in order to promote this disaffection towards 
Philip, they should send an embassy to the Thessalians ; 
and, what was even more needed, follow up the words of 
their ambassadors by zealously joining with the Olynthians 
in the war against Philip. § 11, 12. 

6. That, his allies having once declared against him, 
there would be remaining to him only his regular Mace- 
donian subjects, and his mercenary forces, of whom his 
subjects had suffered great inconveniences and evils by his 
continued course of conquest, which sacrificed every thing 
to his own success and aggrandizement, while his mercenary 
soldiers, from fear and envy, had been gradually deprived 
of all the ambitious and high-minded men, iill he was left 
with nothing but a set of supple tools, submitting to all the 
caprices, and indulging in all the vices, of their master. 
That these evils, though they had been thus far concealed 
by success, would at once be revealed by the slightest re- 
verse of fortune, which it was in their power speedily to 
bring about. § 14-21. 

7. That Philip appeared formidable, indeed, if judged of 
by his success, but, undoubtedly, the fortune of the city was 
naturally quite as good as his, and would be seen to be so, 
if they would only use the same strenuous exertions to in- 
sure success which he did. Which, however, was not the 
case ; but, while he was never idle, they were either sitting 
inactive, or merely passing votes without following them up 
with deeds, and that, too, when formerly they had often 
made great sacrifices of their own interests for those of the 
other Greeks. Thus, after a long war, they had accom- 
plished nothing, while, instead of engaging in the war per- 

10 



110 NOTES. (2) 

sonally, they had committed the business to a few generals, 
and spent all their time in indulging in expectations from 
these, or else in censuring them and bringing them to trial 
for their failures. § 22-25. 

8. That their losses could be repaired only by entirely 
reversing their course of conduct, and entering with zeal 
into all the toil, expenses, and sacrifices of the war, instead 
of devolving these duties upon others, and on their failure 
(which would be inevitable, under these circumstances) in- 
creasing the evil by forming themselves into factious parties, 
either in their defence or condemnation. § 26-31. 

§ 1. uv rig ISdv] rtg is nominative to Soke!, and uv belongs 
to itev (lit. "any one seems to me that he might see"). 
The peculiarity of the construction arises from the use of 
Sonet in a personal, instead of an impersonal sense. See 
the same construction, I. § 10. — yiyvofzivrjv] In the pres. 
to denote a general truth, or permanent condition. — oi>x 
rjKiara 6f] " but not the least." This use of a negative with 
a minutive word, instead of the direct positive expression, is 
very common in Greek, as it is in English. — To yap] Ob- 
serve the length of the sentence here used as a noun ; all as 
far as avaoTaciv. — rovg rroXe^aovTag] " those who are ready 
to contend with Philip." — yeyevfjadat] " have sprung up." 
— Tiva] " certain," " some considerable," " great." See 
TToleftog rcg, I. § 27; also, K. § 303. 4; C. § 48, R. 9.— 
to (leyicTov] " what is the greatest." An adverbial accusative, 
in apposition with the following sentence. Jelf's K. § 580, 
Obs. 2 ; also, III. § 31 ; K. § 279, R. 8 ; C. § 57, R. 9.— 
diallayag] In I. § 4, we find naTal?,ayag, apparently in pre- 
cisely the same sense, the only difference being, that the 
orator is there speaking of Philip's desire for a reconcilia- 
tion, as the only party interested, while he is here speaking 
of the feelings of the Olynthians on the subject. In the first 
case, then, but one party was thought of, while here both 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. HI 

are thought of, since Philip was known to desire it, if they 
were only willing. dia?.?Myf/, then, implies more strongly, " a 
mutual reconciliation." — eha\ The 6e corresponding to the 
foregoing pev is omitted, as it generally is with this particle, 
since the opposition is sufficiently implied by the particle it- 
self. K. § 322, R. 1. — datfcovia .... deia] "superhuman .... 

divine." 

2. avTovc"] " ourselves." It being sufficiently obvious from 
the connection that the Athenians are referred to, v[iag is not 
expressed. Besides, the contrast with daifiovia evepyeoip is 
better expressed by the simple av-ovc — onug j^ ...... . vnap- 

x6vruv~\ " how we shall avoid seeming more unfavorable to 
ourselves than the circumstances of our condition." The fut. 
after 6nog (xt], following verbs of considering, etc., exhibits 
the purpose as more certain. K. § 330. 6 ; C. § 79. The 
ace. with mpi exhibits the object merely as such ("to," 
" upon "), while the gen. exhibits it at the same time as the 
cause or occasion ("for," "concerning"). rtiv iirapxovTuv, 
" the things furnished to our hands ; " referring to the provi- 
dential raising up for them such an enemy against Philip. 
This meaning is directly deducible from the proper mean- 
ing of vTTapxo). See De Coron. § 1, note. — eon ruv aloxpfiv] 
"it is base," (lit. "of what is base"). Possessive gen. K. 
§ 273. 2, c. Genitives like this are considered by the gram- 
marians as in the neuter, the neuter being the more compre- 
hensive gender. — p.uk\ov e'e] %mo vero, " nay rather." 6e, 
being adversative, increases the corrective force of fia/2ov. 
Or perhaps it may be considered as referring to a tacit con- 
cession, of the preceding statement, and as opposing this to 
it as nearer the truth (" yes, I may say this indeed, but 
rather"). It is often thus found with [iuXaov. See §§ 8, 22 ; 
III. § 14, et al. — jj-v fiovov .... a?M koL\ Used, as the cor- 
responding particles are in our language, to connect two 
sentences, of which the latter expresses the stronger case. 
(iv is used instead of ov, because the case is represented 



112 NOTES. (2) 

as merely a supposed one, though it describes very ac- 
curately the actual case of the Athenians. — romw'] "i.e. 
\uohov, Tufi&ov, bpfiqnipiuv" Wolf. This and noleuv are sep- 
arative gen., and depend upon npotefievavg, K. § 271. 2 ; C. 
§ 55. G. 

3. «ev] Responded to by 6e in § 4, ("A 6e). A fine speci- 
men of Trapa2.ELipic, as it is called, where a speaker or writer, 
in declining to say any thing on some point, contrives, in the 
very act of declining, to say all the severest things. — i>7rep 
tovtuv'] " in favor of these." The rehearsing of his acts to 
stimulate the Athenians to do likewise would, of course, be 
commending them. Hence virep, and not nepi, is used (see 
I. § 5, note), rovnov strictly refers back to /5wp7v, but as his 
power was exhibited in many individual acts, it is put in 
the plural by the construction Kara ovveatv. — (pdonfuav^ Lit. 
" love of honor," but here the result of the love of honor, 
i. e. honor. — rjfdv 6' obxl naltis 'Kercpaxdai^ " while by us they 
seem to have been managed badly." A sudden change of 
the construction, in order to avoid directly charging upon 
them the opposite of what he had attributed to Philip, i. e. 
aTLftiav and uSofcav. — vnep ttjv u£iav .... rrjv avrovl Lit. " be- 
yond his desert or rank," i. e. beyond what would naturally 
be expected of him, from his position and resources. It 
may be translated here, then, " above expectation." So 
•xapu ttjv aftav, I. § 23, " contrary to expectation," i. e. unex- 
pectedly. 

4. Tzapa?AiiJU)~\ Often used by Demosthenes in this phrase, 
but usually in the present instead of the future. — svdivd'] 
" hence," i. e. from Athens, and perhaps he may mean from 
the very bema upon which he was standing. Referring to 
the Philippizing orators, who had thrown their influence in 
his favor, and, as he says below, had legislated for him. 
— 61kt}v~\ " satisfaction," " punishment." — toutgw] This is 
the emphatic use of the demonstrative after a relative. (C. 
§ 48, R. 7). The gen. denotes that about which something 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 113 

is said. C. § o3. 4. — "A 6e . . . . evi~\ "but both what it is 
possible to speak (lit. " what is in the case," " wliat is prac- 
ticable") without reference to these." eve is not unfrequent- 
ly used thus by Demosthenes. See § 23 ; IV. § 23 ; also, 
De Coron. § 12. a is implied before each nal in the two fol- 
lowing sentences. — j3ov2,ofievoL^ " to you wishing." Governed 
by QaivoiT'. — TavT'~\ Placed after the relative clause by a 
common Greek idiom. K. § 332. 8. 

5. k?i£yx ELV ~\ " Scil. avrbv cTrcophov nal uklgtov ovto," Franke. 
— tov . . . . (j>aivsodai] Used as a noun, and governed by 
evena, to be supplied from above. — izuvtcl diE&lrilvdev] " has 
exhausted all his arts." — ml npog .... avrov^ " and that his 
power has come to the very end." 

6. deoptiv nal ckottuv'] "viewing and considering." The 
second implies more reflection and inquiry than the first. — 
ev7]deLav~\ " simplicity," " folly." Governed by Trpooayajo/ievov 
("taking advantage of our simplicity"). — rd naf upxds~\ 
" at the beginning," i. e. of their troubles with Philip. The 
preposition with its case, preceded by the article, is used as 
an adverbial accusative here. These troubles, as before 
stated, commenced about Amphipolis, in B. C. 358. The 
Olynthians here spoken of were ambassadors from Olynthus, 
inviting the Athenians to join them in repelling the threat- 
ened attack of Philip upon Amphipolis. They were soon 
followed by an embassy consisting of Hierax and Stratocles 
(mentioned I. § 8), from Amphipolis itself. — r<p ttjv .... 
KaTaoKEvdoai~\ " by saying that he would restore Amphipolis, 
and by constructing that once far-famed secret." Allusion 
is here made to a singular transaction, illustrating the power 
of the government, even under democratical institutions, to 
barter away the dearest interests of the people without their 
knowledge and against their wishes. Philip wanted Am- 
phipolis, and, as the easiest way of obtaining it, seems to 
have found means of dissuading the Athenian government 
from resisting him in his attempts to gain possession of it, 

10* 



114 NOTES. (2) 

under the assurance that he would deliver it to them as soon 
as conquered ; while he quieted the Olynthians by putting 
them in possession of the towns of Anthemos and Potidiea. 
The affair was kept as secret as possible (the ambassadors 
sent to make the arrangement reporting the details only to 
the Senate), and only leaked out by degrees, so as to be- 
come a matter of common conversation (Opukovpevav) but 
never of absolute knowledge. See Thirlw. Ch. XLIJ. — 
roi'-u] This is an emphatic repetition of the idea contained 
in tu . . . . ouaneLv, k. t. K. } called the retrospective use of the 
pronoun. K. § 304. 3 ; C. § 48, R. 6. 

7. oOJ.av~\ This is governed in the same way as evijdeiav ; 
so also Qerra?Mvg below. — e£eA«v] " by having taken away," 
i. e. from the Athenians. He took it soon after he took 
Amphipolis (B. C. 357). — koX rovg ukv . . .. e/cm>oif] "and 
thus injured you, his former allies (see § 14), while he gave 
it to them," i. e. injured you in doing them a favor. The 
student will observe the force of fiev and 6£ here, and how 
impossible it is to feel and express the combined meaning of 
the two clauses without taking them into the account. These 
particles shape their clauses with reference to each other, 
and always should be translated so as to express this refer- 
ence. See I. § 2. — Qerra?j)vc <5e] 6e here means u final- 
ly " or "too." It is used thus after fiev, in adding a second 
particular, which sustains a common relation with the pre- 
ceding to the concessive clause ("making use of not only 
our simplicity, but also of the friendship of the Olynthians 
and finally of the Thessalians "). See I. § 28. Philip is 
said to have made use of the Thessalians themselves, be- 
cause he enslaved them. — rbv Quklkov tz6/.suov~J That is, the 
second Sacred War. — "Otos &] The use of tie here is to be 
explained very much as with uu/./.ov (§ 2). i. e. it implies 
an opposition to some clause understood ("' I might go on 
enumerating particular cases, hut, in short"). — 7rpoo-Xa/H/3avG»*»j 
" attaching them to himself," " taking them as coadjutors." 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 115 

" Demosthenes ita Athenienses admonet omnia, quae Philip- 
pus perfecerit, non perfecisse eum nisi Atheniensibus, Olyn- 
thiis, Thessalis deceptis. Id quod sperare poterat se facile 
civibus persuasurum esse. Hoc vero illud est quod efficit, 
ut Demosthenes herois instar inter aequales emineat ejusque 
orationes etiam nunc hominem cordatum quemque moveant 
et admiratione efficiant. Non Athenienses bellum gerunt 
cum Philippo, sed libertas cum lubidine, pietas cum perfidia, 
virtus denique cum pravitate et vitio." Saupp. 

8. tovtg)v~J " these arts" i. e. of deception, etc. — rjAtia 
.... 7rpafew] This expresses the motive under which they 
acted in joining him ; they thought it for their own advan- 
tage. When, therefore, he goes on to say, they found it 
was solely for his advantage, they would cast him down 
from the height which he had attained at their expense and 
by their cooperation. — Kacpoii . . . . ra ^pay/mra] " To this 
state, be assured, Athenians, the affairs of Philip have 
come " (see I. § 21). tccupoii is a partitive gen., governed 
by tovto. It is placed first for the sake of emphasis (" as to 
conditio?!"), fiev here is not the concessive (lev, requiring a 
corresponding 6e in a subsequent clause, but a shortened 
form of the confirmatory [irjv. It is often used thus with 6rj 
following it. (K. § 316, R.) Or, perhaps, we may sup- 
pose the corresponding 6e to be omitted by a change of con- 
struction, at the beginning of § 9. — -Kapelduv^ " coming for- 
ward," i.* e. upon the bema. — y uc ol, k. t. A.] He is here 
describing the case of the Thessalians. 

9. Kal iir]v~\ Marks a transition to a new and more im- 
portant point. K. § 316. 1. — Tj-yetTcu, oterat de] "is persuad- 
ed, jet thinks." The second verb implies more uncertainty. 
— 7a Trpay/zara] A word often difficult of translation, and 
to be rendered variously, according to the connection, as 
" affairs," " public interests," " state supremacy," " power," 
" state," etc., like the Latin res. — ru xupta] " oppida munita 
sive castella." Franke. — r<2> . . . . TzpoEiXrj&evai] " by his hav- 



11G NOTES. (2) 

ing preoccupied," " taken possession of by anticipating you." 
Comp. III. § 17; IV. § 31. " Dum Graeci deliberabant 
aut classem parabant, Macedo, qui bella non indicebat, velut 
morbus inexpectatus, media soepe bieme jam caperet urbes 
improvisus ; quod alii facturi videbantur, ille facere occu- 
pabat." Vom. — "Orav fikv . . . . gvot^ " for as when power 
subsists by mutual good-will." f£v is responded to by &, 
just below {orav (5'). vn y is used after the intransitive ovary, 
as after the passive. K. § 299, I. 2, a. — <pepeiv'] For 
cv/ioepeiv ("to bear together "). The two infinitives are so 
closely united, that avv prefixed to one seemed sufficient for 
both (as we say, " to labor and bear together"). See Soph. 

Antig. v. 537 ; C. § 82, R. 1. — nal ml ko1\ The 

second nal barely connects the two words which it stands 
between, while the first and last connect their clauses with 
each other ("both .... and"). — sk rzlzove&af^ " by over- 
reaching." e/c is used here in something the same sense as 
i-b after intransitive and passive verbs. K. § 251, R. 4. 
— avexairtae nai ddXvcev^ " has always overthrown and dis- 
sipated it." I have expressed the peculiar meaning of 
the aor. by always and the perf. See I. § 15, note. The 
figure in avexainoe is that of a horse rearing and throwing 
off his rider. 

10. Ov yap ianv, ovu eanv'j Repeated for emphasis. Thus 
I. § 19 ; De Coron. § 24, et al. — avrex^i] "resists," "holds 
out," " endures." — nal c<j>66pa .... Kara^el~\ " and flourished 
vigorously in hopes, it may be (av rvxy, see I. § 3, note), 
yet in time they discover their frailty, and fall upon them- 
selves like withered flowers." The metaphor is a very 
just and beautiful one, as also is the following comparison. 
Indeed, this whole paragraph is exceedingly nervous and 
spirited, hti ralg eA-iaiv expresses the condition of the flour- 
ishing ; it was merely in hopes (see VIII. § 10). — rd. Kdrudev~\ 
" the foundations." The ending -dev expresses the relation 
whence ; accordingly, the precise shade of idea here is, " the 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 117 

parts commencing from the foundation," since houses and 
vessels are built from the foundation up. 

11. uTtcog'] This expresses manner here (K. § 342. 1), and 
not aim or intention, as in § 2. — <5e] "but also," correspond- 
ing to /ilv above, which, therefore, should be translated " not 
only." — Uayaaug airairelv^ See I. § 22. — Xoyovg ■KOLelaQat^ 
" to make discussions," " to treat concerning." Philip had 
not delivered Magnesia to them as he had agreed to. 
See § 7. 

12. ottuc fir}~] See § 2. But observe that it is there pre- 
ceded by the active of oconeco, and here by the middle. The 
reason of this variation is, that there the reflexive pronoun 
is expressed, while here it is not. — 6elkvvelv~\ From the 
form in -vo, which is used interchangeably with the form 
in -v,ut. See § 5 ; also, K. § 169, R. 2 ; C. § 38. 5, b. — 
£$ovolv~\ " shall have wherewith," " be able." — em rolg npaytia- 
CTiv] " at the doings," " in the w r ar." — fiaTuara 6s . . . . no/ieug ] 
The Athenians were famous for their patriotic speeches and 
votes, but were not much given, in later times, especially, 
to following up their words by corresponding action. De- 
mosthenes often rallies them upon this point. See III. § 14, 

- seq. — avrC) .... awrcj] Each referring to loyog. Much talk- 
ing is not, generally, a very good indication of a determina- 
tion to act. 

13. /jLETacTacLv .... [LEra^okr]v\ "alteration .... change." 
Words of nearly the same import, employed for oratorical 
effect. The second is the more general word, and properly 
denotes mere change, without any collateral notion of its be- 
ing designed. — ela6epovTag~\ This and the following part, are 
in the ace. on account of the infin. implied in the verbal 
deiKTEov ("it is necessary for us to show"). K. § 284, R. 7 ; 
C. § 59. 11. — elirep .... vovv~\ " if any one is to regard or at- 
tach himself to us." That is, this was the only way in which 
they could secure the respect and cooperation of others. 
See IV. § 6. 



118 NOTES. (2) 

14. TTpoo67?K7]g fiipEi^ " in the relation of an addition," "as 
an addition," "appendage." "While (fitv) as such," he 
says, "it was not small, of itself (airri) 6e) it was weak." — 
olovl " such as." The occasion when the Macedonian forces 
were united with Athens against Olynthus was, according 
to some, B. C. 374 ; according to others, B. C. 364, when 
Timotheus took Potidoea and Torone from the Olynthians. 
(See Thirlw. Ch. XLII). — rovro avva^brepov\ "this united 
power." Nom. to k<puv-rj. " avvaa^brf.pov vero eo loco posuit, 
quo maxime conspicuum esset." Saupp. The occasion 
when it was joined with the Olynthians against Potidaea, 
is referred to, § 7. — wvl~\ That is lately, about four years 
before (B. C. 353), during his campaign in Thessaly, which 
he undertook to assist the Thessalians in expelling the 
tyrants of Pherre and their allies, the Phocians. — kq.1 ottol 
.... w^fAfi] " and wherever, as I think, one may add even a 
small power, it is clear gain." For the repetition of av, 
see I. § 10. 

15. kiiio<paleGTepav~\ Agrees with avrrjv understood, refer- 
ring to Macedonia. This brilliant succession of wars and 
campaigns, which had gained him so much glory, had only 
tended, he says, to make the possession of his own country 
more insecure. — e^Aw/ce] " has and continues to strive 
after," = " has devoted his life to its pursuit." The perf. 
indicates that the state of mind implied in the verb iiad not 
only formerly existed, but continued to exist to the present 
time. 

16. tt/v rod . . . . dofav] The words separating the article 
from its noun bear an attributive relation to that noun ; i. e. 
they describe the quality or character of the glory which he 
chose (lit. the of-doing-what-no-other-Macedonian-king-ever- 
did-before glory) ; but the arrangement of words cannot be 
followed in our language, and hence the precise shade of 
idea cannot be expressed, fj-v^k, and not ovdel?, is used 
here, because the thought is represented as proceeding from 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 119 

the mind of Philip, and not of the speaker ; that is, it is 
represented merely as a conceived idea, and not as an actual 
one. K. 318. 1. — rolg 6h . . . . /zerean] " while to them 
(i. e. his subjects) there is no participation in the honor 
which comes from these." tyikoTifiia has this meaning often. 
See § 3. The article following (pilonfiiag refers to that 
word, and connects uird tovtuv with it as an attributive. See 
above ; also, K. § 245. 3, a, examples. — /conTopevoi] " wea- 
ried out," or, perhaps, " chafed," " galled," as we say. — 
TavTaig~] " those," i. e. those well-known expeditions. For 
the repetition of the article after this word, see above. — 
rolg epyoig .... idiots'] " their works .... their private cares." 
" Nee negotia sua agere nee rem familiarem curare iis 
licet .... vulgo male epya ad opus rusticum tantum re- 
ferebant." Saupp. — onug uv 6vvuvrat~\ " as they can," i. e. 
at great inconvenience, at great disadvantage, being con- 
stantly occupied in military service. This is a comparative 
sentence of manner. K. § 342. 1. — dtadiodai] "to expose for 
sale," " sell." 

17. Oi . . . . 7roAAoi] " the many," i. e. the great body of 
the Macedonians. — irz&raipoL] Originally " body-guards," 
but afterwards a common name for all Macedonian soldiers, 
hence here opposed to tjevot. — <!>£•] " that." Introduces a 
substantive sentence, expressing the object. The sentence 
here serves the office of a noun in the gen. after d6%av (" the 
reputation of being," etc.). K. § 329. 1. — (ruy/ce/cpor^eVoi] 
" well trained in the affairs of war." — olov re] " able." The 
re has no grammatical relations, but, according to Buttmann 
(Gr. § 149), has come down as a part of the ancient form 
of the language, when relative words were used also as de- 
monstratives, and required a connective to distinguish their 
use as a relative (" and this" = "which"). So were, are, 
and eft (pre. — ovdeviov eial j3eXnovg] " are better than none," 
i. e. no soldiers can be worse. This form of expression 
would be ambiguous in our language, as none means both 



120 NOTES. (2) 

u none at all " and " none of whatever class or kind." As 
used in the Greek, in such cases, it must be taken in the 
latter sense. See I. § 27, note. 

18. f£v .... //ev] [ih> is often repeated thus in the demon- 
strative clause. K. § 322, R. 1. — olog I^Tmpof] "such as 
is skilled in." The demonstrative, as usual, is understood. 
See I. § 21, note. — tovtovs^\ "these," i. e. such. This is 
what is called the retrospective use of the pronoun, and is 
in the plural because it refers to a class of men which is in- 
dicated by the indefinite rfc. K. § 304. 3 ; C. § 48, R. 7. 

— oL/.oTLiua] "from ambition," "jealousy," i. e. from a desire 
to engross all the distinction and honor himself. — a/Jlwf] "be- 
sides." Or else it is entirely pleonastic, as uXtoc often is. 
C. § 49, R. 11. — uKpaoiav~J " excess." — /cop(k/a<7//oi'fJ "lewd 
dances." Originally employed in comedy. — Trape&cdai] 
From TTapudeu. The rcapa implies a comparison (" to set 
aside for others"). It thus differs from airodelv above. — 
h ovdevbg that [tipsi^ " to be in the part of no one," " to be as 
no one." See § 14, note. 

19. XrjG-ug'] "robbers," " pirates," i. e. persons drawn to 
his service by the hope of plunder. — olovg .... bpxdadat] 
The orator is relating what one had reported to him of 
the affairs of Philip, and hence it is the oblique discourse. 
Now in oblique discourse, in Greek, the ace. with the infin. 
may be used in all sorts of subordinate clauses, instead of 
the finite verb. K. § 345. 6 ; C. § 70. 18. — rbv drjfioaiov'] 
" the public slave." Public slaves were employed at Athens 
in various capacities, as in that of scribe, policeman, etc. 
See Boeckh, Pub. Econ. Ath., Bk. II. Ch. XL, note, 241. 

— fxi.ij.ovg .... da/xaruv'] " merry-andrews and makers of low 
songs." 

20. KaKodainoviaf^ " madness," " evil genius." yvejuyc, then, 
must be taken in the sense of " bad state of mind," " folly." 

— e-ioko-eI~] " obscures," " envelops in darkness." Hence, 
it takes the dat. — avrov ravr' ^eraa^crerat] " these evils of 



(2) 



OLYNTHIAC II. 121 



his will be examined into." — 6ei&iv] That is, " will show 
a false step" " mistake," "failure" The object is to be 
supplied from frrataet. — fiaiipdv~\ A feminine ace., refer- 
ring to b66v understood. See I. § 17, note. — deluoi . . . . 
(SovAfjade'] For the difference between the meaning of these 
words, see I. § 1, note. Demosthenes generally uses e0e/lu 
instead of Qefoo, but after deog or deoi seems always to have 
used the latter form. And so, according to Sauppe, other 
writers. See IV. § 4 ; Contr. Aristog. § 2. 

21. Sue] The MSS. have here the Ionic or poetic form 
recjg, which seems to have been often used by Demosthenes. 
See Orat. de Class. 36; De F. L. § 326, and other passages 
referred to by Franke. — eircuoduvcTat] " perceives," " is 
conscious of." — KivuraC\ " is moved," " stirred up," " dis- 
turbed." The same comparison between the body and the 
state, in a healthy and an unhealthy condition, is more brief- 
ly made, De Coron. § 198. — /%pz .... orpemia] "rupture 
.... sprain." — av^wTiaKy'] " may have, been engaged in." Ob- 
serve the use of the aor. kiroirjoev in expressing truths estab- 
lished by experience. See I. § 15, note. 

22. rainy'] "in this way," "on this account." This 
differs slightly from tovtu. It refers to odti understood. 
See above, § 20. — TrpoaKoXe/j,?iaac] Governed by QojSepbv 
(" fearful to wage war with "). K. § 306. 1, d ; C. § 70. 12. 
— -/xuXlov c5e] See § 2. — irapu] "along by," "during the 
execution of." K. § 297, III. 1, c. — ob p> ull'~\ See I. § 
4, note. — eyoye] "I for one." ye has its usual force here, 
but, being an enclitic, is joined on to pronouns of the first 
and second person, instead of being simply written after 
them. See I. § 2, note. — nal Kara. funp6v~] " even in a small 
degree." — acpoppug] " means." See the word, De Coron. 
§ 156. 

23. olftai'] " I think/' " as it seems to me," " I trow." 
Used very often by Demosthenes, not as implying any 
doubt, but to give an air of modesty to his views and state- 

11 



122 NOTES. . (2) 

ments, and sometimes in irony ("I trow"). See De Coron. 
§ 225, note. — ainbv upyovvra^ " for one who is inactive." 
avrbv is the indefinite one. Thus often. The sentiment 
here, " that those who will not help themselves cannot ex- 
pect either their friends or the gods to help them," is very 
just and forcible, — fortes fortuna adjuvat. — fiy ri ye (5?)] 
Of these particles, \ai refers to an imperative understood (for 
instance, vTvoTiufijSave, " do not suppose that he may call upon 
the gods," etc.) ; ri is a sort of adverbial ace. (/' do not at 
all or for a moment suppose ") ; ye simply adds emphasis to 
ri, and 6v means " now," " only." Or all together they are 
= nedum (" least of all upon the gods "). See Jelf's K. 
§ 721. 1. fj-Tj ri ye is not uncommon, but no other instance 
of the concurrence of all these particles is cited by commen- 
tators or grammarians. — «'] " that." Used in a sense very 
nearly the same as that of on, after words indicative of 
emotion, so as not directly to attribute the cause of the emo- 
tion to the subject of the subordinate sentence, but leave it 
as a matter of doubt, or as merely possible. It is, of 
course, a more polite and delicate mode of expression than 
that with otl. We sometimes use if oy whether thus, i. e. 
as a delicate way of expressing what we have no doubt 
of the existence of, but not so frequently as the Greeks. 
K. § 329, R. 7 ; C. § 74, R. — irvvOavofievuv'] " inquiring," 
i. e. how affairs go, etc. See III. § 35. — kyd] Observe 
the emphatic position 6f the pronoun at the end of the 
sentence. 

24. enelvo~\ Used in opposition to rovr', above, as refer- 
ring to the remoter case. Jelf's K. § 655. 8. — fmf] " while." 
Responded to by 6\ below {ywl 6'). Either the Boeotian 
war, for enforcing the observance of the conditions of the 
peace of Antalcidas is here referred to, or the latter part 
of the Peloponnesian war, called the Corinthian war. See 
IV. § 3. — avT7]paTe~\ '" ye withstood," "resisted." In the 
aor., as also -nAeovenTTjoai, TjdeljjGare, as referring to a single in- 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 123 

dependent act, or several acts viewed in this light. But 
they are followed by the imperf., (uvrjXtGneTe) in the follow- 
ing clause, to denote a continued action. This change of 
tenses, to correspond to the nature of the action, gives an 
exactness and vivacity to the Greek, which are unattainable 
in English. — £&v~\ "it being possible." Ace. absolute, em- 
ployed chiefly in impersonal expressions. K. § 312. 5 ; C; 
§ 72. III. 2. — tvxugc] Subj. instead of the opt., in connec- 
tion with a historical tense, since the speaker wished to 
convey the idea that the Athenians not only contended for 
the rights of the Greeks on the occasion referred to, but 
had been in the habit of doing so up to the present time ; 
that that was their nature or permanent habit. K. § 330, 
R. 1 ; C. § 78. 1. — ra ifierap' avruv'J "your own proper- 
ty." avruv is usually employed thus with the plural of the 
possessive pronouns, in order to express the reflexive pos- 
sessive idea. So again below. K. § 302, R. 4 ; C. § 48, 
R. l._ [leXtere'] "you delay," "hesitate." Thus § 23, and 
often. — Tzavrag .... [ispetj " all, and individually each one 
of them in turn." For icad' Iva avrdv kaaarov, see IV. § 20. 
navrag is thus placed after its noun, in order to bring it 
nearer to the distributive clause which follows, and thus 
make the antithesis more obvious and striking. The Athe- 
nians may be said to have saved all the Greeks in the Per- 
sian wars, and to have saved them individually in defending 
different states, in. turn, either against the Lacedaemonians, 
the Thebans, or Philip. 

25. loyiaaadai] " to draw a conclusion," " form an opin- 
ion." And hence in the aor., since it does not refer to the 
process of reasoning, which would require the present. — 
ttogov .... xp° vov ~\ About nine years. — ccItlu/uevuv .... 
npivovruv^ Mutual crimination and arraignment of eacli 
other, among the public men at Athens, was rife in the 
time of Demosthenes. It was a favorite way of silencing 
an opponent, and was resorted to without scruple or any re- 



124 NOTES. (2) 

gard to justice by partisans. This was especially true with 
regard to military leaders. They always had parties for 
and against them. When one was appointed to conduct a 
campaign, many others, of course, were disappointed. The 
orators, too, who, " for certain valuable considerations " 
were committed for different candidates, shared in the same 
defeat or triumph, while the people generally followed by 
sections in the wake of the orators. There were generally, 
too, parties in favor of, and opposed to, the war. Hence, 
when a general left Athens, he usually " left enemies in his 
rear." This subject is more fully developed further on. See 
also IV. § 47. 

26. EZ0'3 See I. § 24. — exov eorl ovaLv"] "naturae rei 
con v en it." Saupp. It seems to correspond to our expres- 
sion, " it has nature on its side." For the periphrastic form, 
see De Coron. § 13. — />aov] This is an adverb (" for by 
nature all things are in a state for those who have them 
more easily to take care of them than to acquire them"). 
For the infin. after Tre&vxhcu see K. § 306. 1, d. — t^d] Used 
as after the pass, with kenv .... mltzov = vTro/l/xi-rai. 

27. av-ovg] " yourselves," i. e. personally. — -xpiv uv . . . . 
KparijCTj-s'] "before you shall have gamed possession of af- 
fairs," i. e. conquered Philip, and regained their former 
supremacy. This sentence refers specially to the latter 
clause of the preceding sentence (fLsdev' alTtuadai, " to accuse 
no one," = not to accuse any one), and hence has its predi- 
cate in the subjunctive instead of the infinitive, since it fol- 
lows a negative sentence. K. § 337. 9, a, b, c. — &it > avruv 
tCjv lpyuv~\ "from the deeds themselves," i. e. not from 
rumor and thefcfalse representations of the orators, as they 

were accustomed to do. — rag rrpooaGEig .... FAAsififLaraj " and 

take away the pretexts and the deficiencies which he in 
yourselves," i. e. to remove all causes of failure connected 
with themselves, and thus deprive the generals of all pre- 
texts of this sort in accounting for their want of success 



(2) OLYNTHIAC II. 125 

(see IV. § 25). Kad' ifmg acquires, from its position between 
the article and its noun, an attributive meaning (lit. " the 
as-to-you faults," i. e. your personal deficiencies). See § 
1G, note; also, De Coron. § 14, note. — e<m] "it is," i. e. 
" it is proper." — u] For b rt, the direct for the indirect 
form. This is not uncommon, in Greek. K. § 344, R. 1 ; 
C. § 48. 8. 

28. 0evyeiv] " desert." Referring especially to Chares, 
who, having exhausted the means furnished him by Athens, 
left the war with Philip, and went on a private expedition 
to Asia, to replenish his military chest. See the Chronolog- 
ical table, Olymp. 106. 1. — el del elmlv] He merely 

alludes to the generals, as the orators were in the habit of 
charging the disasters on them, but ascribes their failures 
and misconduct to the want of support from the people. 
See IV. 45. — hravQa] " here," i. e. at Athens, or rather, in 
the Amphipolitan war. — v(isTepa] This belongs to the pred- 
icate (" the prizes are yours ") . — KOfitelade^ " you will re- 
ceive it," i. e. from the general who had taken it. — rtiv 
ecpeoTTjKOTuv'] " those having been placed in command," i. e. 
the generals. — Ulol~\ " private," " their own." — fuadbg <5 J 
ova zotlv~\ " and there is no pay." They were neither al- 
lowed the prizes of war, nor a regular stipend, in the 
Athenian service. See De Coron. § 145, note. — ^vfifiara] 
" gettings," " gains." Meaning about the same as adla, ex- 
cept that it implies, according to Schafer, that the gain is 
irregular or unlawful. See Soph. Antig. v. 313. 

29. dovreg 7^yov\ Lit. " having given them speech," i. e. 
" having given them an opportunity to speak or to plead 
their cause." See § 31. — elae^epere Kara cv/j.uoplag'] " you 
contributed by companies or divisions." Reference is here 
made to the distribution of the citizens of Athens, according 
to their property, into twenty classes or companies, for the 
purpose of paying the extraordinary expenses of the gov- 
ernment. See Boeckh, Pub. Econ. Ath., Bk. IV. Ch. 7. 
11* 



126 NOTES. (2) 

Now as each of these companies was arranged among 
themselves, according to a certain system of subordination, 
under a leader, superintendent, etc., so, the orator says, the 
two great parties {kKa-epov) in the assembly were distributed 
on these questions, with the orators as leaders, the generals 
as overseers, sustained by three hundred applauders, and 
followed by the people in sections, according to their pref- 
erences. — ol (3o7]o. 7pian6oioi~j The Three Hundred were 
the principal men in the ovfi/iopicu (see De Coron. §§ 103, 
171), and, in this application of the system to political parties, 
appear as the principal supporters and applauders of the 
orators and generals. — wf] Used in the sense of elg, as 
it often is with designations of persons and cities. K. § 
290. 3. 

30. eTravevrag'] "having renounced." Second aor. part, 
of iTravirjfii. — vfitiv .... yEvofiivovg^ " yet even now (i. e. 
after having been so long dependent) having become mas- 
ters of yourselves." v/iuv avrtiv is a possessive gen. K. 
§ 273. 2. — kolvov~\ " common," " one," i. e. not making it 
the duty of one to deliberate, of another to speak, and of 
another to act. — rolg fjsv k. t. 2.] " rolg fxkv, oratoribus dem- 
agogisque ; rolg 6e } civibus opulentis et industriis ; rolg de, 
turba commitiali." Saupp. — ticTrep .... i(jujv~\ " as if from a 
tyrannical power over you." vpuv is governed by rvpawidog. 
— emTu.TTetv'] " to give commands." Used absolutely, with- 
out an object. — Kara tovtuv^ " against these." — to yap .... 
kXketyei^ " for the injured part will always fail." pepog is a 
collective noun, and hence is referred to in the next sen- 
tence, by rovrovg. 

■ 31. 6 delva, f/ 6 delvaj "this one or that one." " De homine 
certo, sed quern nominare aut non possumus aut nolumus." 
Schaf. " Eubulum similesque oratores intelligit, quibus tur- 
ba comitiahs mirifice favebat." Saupp. 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 127 



OLYNTIIIAC III. 

This Oration appears to have been delivered shortly after 
the preceding, on occasion of some temporary success of 
the forces which they had despatched to Olynthus, when the 
people, and many of the orators, imagining that the safety 
of their allies had been sufficiently secured, were loudly de- 
manding that they should now proceed at once to chastise 
Philip himself for his many wrongs to them. The general 
aim and design of the Oration, therefore, is to repress this 
vain presumption, and concentrate their interest and efforts 
upon the vigorous prosecution of their present campaign in 
aid of Olynthus. In doing this he is led to point out the 
degeneracy of their character and of the administration of 
the State, in comparison with former times. The course of 
thought is as follows : — 

1. That the present popular clamor, favored by many of 
the orators, about proceeding at once to the chastisement of 
Philip, was untimely, since it was plainly their first duty to 
thoroughly secure their allies against his ravages, which 
was the utmost that they could expect to do under existing 
circumstances. § 1, 2. 

2. That the course of action to be pursued seemed suf- 
ficiently plain, but that he felt at a loss as to the manner of 
expressing his convictions in the case, since he should be 
obliged to say some unwelcome things, the general neglect 
of which by the orators, for so long a time, had left the 
country to fall into its present disgraceful condition. § 3. 

3. That it seemed necessary to remind them of the sad 
consequences of their neglect of a similar opportunity to 
sustain their allies against Philip, which occurred some 
three or four years before, during his conquests in Thrace. 
§4,5. 



128 NOTES. (3) 

4. That, as their making peace with the Olynthians had 
led to hostilities between them and Philip, a result which 
they desired, now, unless they enabled them to repel him, 
after subduing them, as there would then be nothing to im- 
pede his progress, he would certainly descend upon Attica 
itself. § 6-9. 

5. But that the necessity of the war was sufficiently ad- 
mitted, and the main question now was the procuring of 
means to carry it on ; to which the first step was to annul 
the laws relative to the misappropriation of the theoric 
fund, and the exemption of citizens from military service. 
§ 10-13. 

6. That, obviously, their vote to prosecute the war would 
be of no avail, unless they entered vigorously upon the exe- 
cution of it (which they had every motive for doing from 
the present crisis to which their past neglect had brought 
affairs), and, instead of remaining inactive, while they fol- 
lowed the flattering advice of a few, and charged upon them 
the blame of failure (for which, in reality, they were all to 
blame) should each consider himself responsible both for the 
measures and their execution, and hence follow the best 
advice, though it might interfere with some of their pleasing 
indulgences. § 14-20. 

7. That a comparison of their present condition with their 
condition in former times, when under the direction of polit- 
ical leaders, who, in proposing measures, inquired what was 
best, and not what was most agreeable to the people, would 
show the great superiority of such a course over that pur- 
sued by the orators of his time ; since, in the former period, 
the country was prosperous, both at home and abroad, and 
her leaders frugal and democratic in their habits, while now 
their country had sunk to the lowest degradation and dis- 
grace, and her leaders risen to the greatest opulence and 
magnificence at her expense. § 21-29. 

8. That the grand cause of all this change in their pros- 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 129 

perity lay in the fact, that, while formerly, by daring to 
go personally on military expeditions, they became masters 
of the orators, and the dispensers of all favors, now, by 
declining such service, the orators had acquired an ascen- 
dency over them, and doled out to them, as they pleased, 
their favors, in the form of theatrical exhibitions, and other 
shows ; thus getting them more and more under their con- 
trol, and unfitting them for all manly feeling and action. 
§ 30-82. 

9. That their present evils, then, could be remedied only 
by all holding themselves under obligation to serve their 
country in whatever capacity they might be called upon to, 
receiving, in turn, a portion of the thcoric fund, according 
to the nature of their service, whether at home or abroad. 
§ 33-36. 

§ 1. Obxl .... yiyv6)GneLv~\ "not by any means the same 
things does it occur to me to think," i. e., as Sallust has it 
(Cat. c. 52), " Longe mihi alia mens est," etc., — the words 
of the orators were at variance with the actual state of 
things. Observe that ovxi is stronger than ovk. — uTToj31iipc)~] 
Aor. subj. after brav (K. § 337. 5). It is accompanied by els 
and the ace, because it implies motion. See II. § 14. — 
6/3w] More vivid than ukovu, and hence used for it, as occa- 
sionally with us. — els tovto irpoT)KovTa\ " have come to this 
pass." — oiTcog fir] TTELaSfieda'] In the fut. to denote the purpose 
more as a reality ("how we shall not"). See II. § 2, note. 
— 6eov~\ Understand earl. — Ovdev ovv ullo~\ This is properly 
the attributive of the kindred idea with dfiapTuveiv (" those 
saying such things seem to me to err in nothing less, — to 
err no other error, — than to present to you the question about 
which we are deliberating not as it really is"). For ace. of 
this kind, see K. § 278. 2 ; C. § 57. 2. 

2. etc' efj.ov'] Lit. "under me," "during my public life," 
"in my day." It designates time, or rather, a course of 



130 NOTES. (3) 

events controlled by or depending upon some one, as in the 
expression &ni upxwrog. — yeyove"] The perf. is used, not be- 
cause the slate of things referred to continued up to the 
present time of* the speaker, but because the period of time 
referred to (the period of his life) was one continued present 
time to him. So we say, "this has all happened in my 
day," not necessarily meaning that the events referred to 

had continued up to the time of speaking. — npolapeiv 

Tfjv irpurrjv'] " to secure .... at first." This is of the nature 
of what is called a parallelism, the idea first being expressed 
twice (see IV. § 7, note). t?/v izpurrjv is a fern, ace, like 
(lanpuv, etc. (see II. § 20), instead of the more common 
rd TtpuTov. The shade of meaning in the two cases is prob- 
ably slightly different. See IV. § 23. — onug\ Followed 
by the subj. here, since the purpose is represented merely 
as something conceived (K. § 330. 2). For its being in 
the first aor., contrary to Dawes's canon, see I. § 2, note. — 
Tzepl tov iiva rpoTiw] Lit. " concerning the what manner," etc. 
TpoTvov is an ace, denoting aim (K. § 278, R. 3). By being 
placed between the article and the verb, it is incorporated 
into the general substantive idea expressed by the phrase. 
— ovtivovv^ " any whatever." ovv strengthens the pronoun, 
and makes it more comprehensive. K. § 324, R. 6. 

3. e«m>'~] Refers to what follows, as it often does, but 
only because it is contrasted with something going before, 
as more remote. See II. § 24. The orator is preparing 
their minds for what he is going to say about applying the 
theoric fund to military purposes, a subject of the greatest 
delicacy. See I. § 19, note. — rmpdv .... cvvoida] "being 
present and hearing, I have become conscious of." The 
part, with avvocda quite as frequently agrees with the object 
as with the subject. K. § 310, R. 2. — ia ttMw] "the great- 
er part," " the more." For the difference between this and 
the positive and superlative with the article, see K. § 246. 8, 
c. — tu fir/, k. r. A.] The infin. with the article is treated 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 131 

wholly as a noun (K. § 308. 1. It is here in the clat. to 
designate the instrumental relation, iin and not ov is used 
with the infin. in such cases, because the action of the verb 
is conceived of in its abstract and general form. See I. § 
10. — 7ro^(TiOf] "boldness," "freedom." Referring to what 
he is about to say concerning the theoric fund. — -Koi&iiai 
Tovg Tidyovg^ See II. § 11.— tovto deupovvTag'j " looking to 
this," i. e. what follows (to see if he spoke the truth, etc.) — ■ 
did. tovto'] " for this purpose." Expressing a final cause, as 
often. — ha] Introduces a substantive sentence expressing 
the aim or end of his speaking the truth. K. § 330. 1,2; 
C. § 78. — in tov . . . . hiovg~\ " from certain ones harangu- 
ing the people for their gratification." A condensed sub- 
stantive idea, ivpbg, lit. "before," and hence, by an easy 
transition, " out of regard to." — poxdvpiag'] Partitive gen., 
governed by nuv (lit. " to all of badness," i. e. " to the last de- 
gree of badness," "to the most deplorable condition"). Re- 
ferring to the wretched state in which the foreign relations 
of the country, more particularly, were at that time. 

4. rplrov ?}, k. r. A.] " this is the third or fourth year." 
An indefinite expression for what all recollected, and had oc- 
curred not long since. Or, perhaps, because it was between 
three and four years before. See the chronological table ; 
also, I. § 2, note. — 'Upalov relxog"] " Castellum Thracise, co- 
lonia Samiorum, Junonis cultorum, in ora Propontidis, haud 
procul a Perintho. Neov relxog, Aavvtov relxog, similia castella 
illius regionis erant, contra incursiones Thracum munita." 
Saupp. — Tore Toivw fif/v ^ev] roiwv denotes a conclusion, 
or rather continuation from what precedes, and (itjv is a 
noun (month). f£v refers to the following 6e, and cannot be 
rendered by any particular word. Maemacterion was the 
fifth month in the Attic year (here November, B. C. 352). 
— yiyvofi£vov~] Pres. because the vote was passed while the 
tumult continued. — nadelnav'] " to draw down," " to launch." 
The vessels of the ancients were generally small, and were 



132 NOTES. (3) 

drawn up upon the shore when not in use. So the Latin, 
deducere //ares. — nal robs . . . . typaiveiv'] "and that those up 
to five-and-forty years of age personally should embark." 
The limits of the military age, for foreign service, at Athens, 
were twenty and sixty. But it was not common that all 
within these limits were called into service on any one occa- 
sion. It was usual, therefore, when they voted an arma- 
ment, to define the age up to which the citizens would be 
held liable for the present campaign. See IV. § 21. 

5. dieMovTos] "having passed away." That is, the re- 
maining seven months after Mcemacterion (see § 4). It was 
not, he goes on to say, till the third month of the next year 
(01. 107. 2) that they finally despatched Charidemus with 
the paltry number of ten ships, and these destitute of sol- 
diers (/cevaf), having but five talents of silver. The main 
armament (unoorohov) had been released. — 'Eaaro[j.j3aiojv, k. 
t. l.~] Supply ijaav. — fiyvbs'] Gen. of time within which any 
thing happens. K. § 273. 4, b ; C. § 54, 13. — fiera ru [ivori/pta^ 
That is, the great Eleusinian mysteries. Hence, after the 
twenty-fifth of Boedromion, (they were held from the fif- 
teenth to the twenty-fifth). The cause of so great a delay is 
given afterwards, and, as it must be confessed, does not ex- 
hibit the military character of the Athenians of that day in 
a very favorable light. — teaa vavg] Placed here because 
emphatic (lit. "ten ships, and these empty, you sent out 
Charidemus having"). — kevte rakavra apyvpiov~\ = to some- 
thing more than $5,000. — obmrt .... ovdiva] Observe the 
double negation, — one direct negative and a negative pro- 
noun ("not no time"). Thus generally in Greek. K. § 
318. 6 ; C. § 81. 5. — a^dre] "you relinquished." In some 
of the MSS. the imperf. is found. 

6. iva nri~] Followed by the subj. after a historical tense, 
because the intention is represented as continuing to the 
present time. K. § 330, R. 1 ; C. § 78. 1. — Tt A)] " how 
now." Expressive of impatience. Jelf's K. § 721. 1. — 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 133 

yap] This refers to a supposed reply to the preceding 
question (" what use shall we make of this ?- — 'a good use I 
hope,' — y^ r ")« — KaT " ™ dwa.T6v~\ "according to ability," 
" as you are able." It is not redundant. — karparriyrjKOTeg 
.... eaeaOe~\ " will have managed all things," i. e. will be 
seen to have done so, upon a review of the whole case. 
The part, and auxiliary form a fut. perf., but with a slightly 
different shade of idea from the simple perf. See I. § 7. 
The orator proceeds to show how they will have consulted 
the interests of Philip if they allow him to reduce Olynthus, 
which, by seeking alliance with them, had, most provi- 
dentially, thrown itself in the way of his further progress, 
and would effectually check him, if assisted then in main- 
taining its stand. 

7. "TiT7jpxov'j In the imperf. to denote a permanent state. 
But below, in speaking of the single and independent act of 
making a peace, the verb is in the aor. (eTrpatjaftEv). — nva] 
" considerable," "great." See II. § 1, note. — ovto~\ Refers 
here to what follows. — edap'p'u'] "felt secure of," " was with- 
out apprehension of." Thus with the ace. See Xen. Anab. 
III. 2. 20 ; also, K. § 279. 3. But with the dat. it means 
to confide in, rely upon. K. § 279, R. 3. — ypetg] Under- 
stand Trpbg knEiVovg. — etiopfitiv .... naipolf^ " lies by and 
watches to take advantage of his opportunities." Referring 
to the position of Olynthus, close upon his borders. The 
figure is taken from a blockading squadron. " tyedpevetv 
proprie de copiis pedestribus, k$op[ieZv de navibus dicitur." 
Saupp. — ''EKiToXeftcoaac .... avOpuwov^ " we thought it neces- 
sary to stir up the men to war," i. e. it had always been 
(imperf.) their policy to stir up the Olynthians to war 
against Philip. — oTrwa^Trore] " in whatever way," " in some 
way or other, how I need not say." Used in cases where 
the writer does not consider himself called upon, or does 
not care, to state the way or reason, and generally imply- 
ing some censure or suspicion. It had taken place without 

12 



134 NOTES. (3) 

any agency of theirs. See V. § 1 ; also, De Coron. §§ 22, 
261. 

8. 'Eyw fikv~] fjiv is used here without the corresponding 
tie following it, the clause in which 6i would be used being 
understood ("I for one do not see, / cannot say how it is 
with others"). K. § 322, K. 4. — av~\ Gives a conditioned 
meaning to the part. Xuplg requires the noun to be in the 
gen., and hence the verb is changed into a part, and put in 
the same case, instead of being in the opt., as it might have 
been under another construction. K. § 260. 3, (5). — el . . . . 
irpay/iuTuv~] " if we should betray any of the interests com- 
mitted to us." The verb here is in the opt. aor., to corre- 
spond to the part, with av used optatively in the apodosis. 
K. § 339. II. a. — exovTuv fzbv ug exovct] " Sic solent Graeci, 
quando de rebus injucundis brevi predicant." Schaf. The 
Thebans, at this time, were unfriendly towards Athens. 
— a-n£tpr}KQTCdv .... $lok£cov~] " the Phocians having failed in 
money." They had exhausted the treasures of the tem- 
ple of Delphi, which they had taken possession of. Hence 
they would not be able to hold out long against Philip, 
with whom they were at war. — rd ■napovia] " his present 
undertakings," i. e. the reduction of Olynthus. — ^pbg 
.... -npuyfiara^ " of his turning to the affairs here," i. e. 
at Athens. 

9. elg tovto .... diovra] "puts off doing his duty to this." 
The fut. infin. seems to be used here, instead of the pres. 
or aor. infin., in order to express, not simply the act of 
doing, but the determination ("that you will do your duty" 
= the determination to do your duty). See Matth. § 506, 
VI. — eyyvdev'J " from near at hand." — tu detva] " the 
dangers," i. e. of war. — e%bv~\ See II. § 24. — uk\oQi\ 
That is, in Olynthus or Macedonia. — df/nov'] " Vi ironica 
dictum dy-ov haud raro in clausula legitur ; Cf. § 17." 
Bremi. 

10. to 61 Uye'] "but the how, this tell us." — M?] 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 135 

Followed, as usual in prohibitive expressions in cases where 
the aor. is required, by the subj. (davpuoTiTe), instead of the 
imperat. K. § 259. 5 ; C. § 72. 2. The orator manages 
this whole discussion about the propriety of turning the 
theoric fund to military purposes with great adroitness. He 
contrives to say about what he wished to on the subject, 
without outraging the popular feeling, or exposing himself 
to prosecution, by openly proposing the measure. See I. § 
19, note. — Nopoderag Kadlaare'] "appoint a committee of legis- 
lation." This reading seems more in accordance with the 
usage of Demosthenes than Kadic-rare. See Contr. Timoc. 
§§ 21, 25, 26, 27, 29. The regular nomothetce were a large 
committee appointed annually from among the judges or 
jurymen, to revise the laws (see Smyth's Diet. Antiq.). 
Demosthenes proposes that they should appoint an extra- 
ordinary committee of this kind to revise the laws concern- 
ing the Theoricon ; also certain other hurtful laws concern- 
ing refusing military service. 'Ev tie. . ... fnj6iva\ " in this 
committee pass no law." He merely wished the committee 
to annul certain existing laws which w T ere injurious, without 
establishing any new ones. 

11. aacj)cjg ovrucQ "plainly thus," i. e. this as he was doing. 

— deupLKd~\ Is used in a predicative sense (" the military in 
the shape of theoric funds, or for shows"). — olds.... 
Kadiora(nv~j " while the others secure those exempt from mili- 
tary service against punishment;" i. e. members of the 
Senate, collectors of customs, commanders of merchant-ves- 
sels, and the choreutce. See Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 152. 15. 

— on avjMpepei] " that it is profitable should be proposed." 
cvfidepet is impersonal here, I think ; however, it may be per- 
sonal, being used with on instead of the infin. (" that they are 
profitable," = " to be profitable"). 

12. npiv] Followed by the infin., because the clause 
merely expresses an incidental designation of time, and does 
not represent it formally as a condition of the principal 



136 NOTES. (3) 

sentence. K. § 337. 9, c. — ri{] For oo-ng. See IT. § 
27. — virlp vfi&v vf vfiuv'j Observe the play upon the words 
(" who shall be willing, for having said the best things 
for you, to be killed by you"). Referring to the danger 
generally incurred by those who proposed measures which 
were useful rather than agreeable to the people, and espec- 
ially to the danger in the present case, of proposing to de- 
prive the people of their favorite theatrical exhibitions, for 
the purpose of sustaining the war with Philip. — ulXug re 
ml ... . ypaipavTa] " especially, this alone being likely to be 
the result, that the one who spoke and proposed these things 
should unjustly suffer some terrible evil." For ullwg te nal, 
see I. 5. For rl, " some," " some great," " some terrible," 
see II. § 1, note. — ru npayfiara] " the state." " Delectatur 
hoc nomine Demosthenes yevuiC) ovn avrl ruv elducuv." Wolf. 

— [iallov he fj vvv~] " more even than now." (iuaXov expresses 
the comparison between to loarbv and vvv. The comparative 
following ((j>op£pcjTEpov) is more general or absolute ("more 
fearful than ever," or simply, "more fearful"). It seems 
to differ from the cases where iiuKkov is used with the com- 
parative to strengthen it. See Matth. § 458. — Kal Xvetv ye~\ 
"and to abrogate too," i. e. as well as to propose them. 

— rovg avTovg u^iovv'j " to demand of the same men." Re- 
ferring especially to Eubulus, who, to flatter the people, 
had procured the passage of the law rendering it penal for 
any one to propose to divert the theoric fund from theatrical 
purposes. 

13. u/j.£lvov T:pa^at[iev~\ " would fare better," " would be bet- 
ter off." For this meaning of apeivov izpurreLv, see De Coron. 
§ 254. — Crifiiav^ " as a punishment or penalty." — avoirs'] 
"think." — Ti]7itKovrov~\ "so great," "so powerful." That is, no 
one would have sufficient influence to protect himself from 
the effect of the popular indignation. 

14. Ov fir/v ovd'^ "not in truth not even." For oh fif/v, see 
I. § 16, note. — Tu ye So^avTa] "at least what was decreed." 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 137 

For the position of ye, see I. § 2, note. — irpoOvfiog] To be 
referred to notelv, but placed at the end of the sentence, like 
vfj-dc, for emphasis ("zealously, too, and in person"). — 
uv jpacpF/'] " they may have been written," i. e. the decrees. 
— eve ku ye ^ediofiaTuv'] " at least on account of decrees," " as 
far as it could have been done by decrees." 

15. Tovt' .... Trpooeivai] " it is necessary, then, that this 
should be added," i. e. action. — aal yvfivat .... ^rjdivraj " and 
of all men you are the sharpest to apprehend what is said." 
The Athenians were remarkable for their quick and lively 
genius. — npu^ac .... nocTjre'] Observe the difference in mean- 
ing between these verbs (" and now, also, you will be able to 
execute them, if you do your duty"). For ml ... . 6e, " and 
also," see K. § 322. 7. 

16. xpovov .... ncap6v~\ "time .... opportunity." Thus 
these words differ. " Mira vero est vis harum interroga- 
tionum, omnia rei momenta summa brevitate repetentium. 
Totidem sunt aculei, quibus civium animos leves et inertes 
pungit, ut rem strenue agant." Saupp. — ru x^p' l - a '] " forti- 
fied places," " strongholds," as Amphipolis, Pydna, Potidsea, 
Methone. See II. § 9. — ravr^g . . . . 7% x^>P a f\ That is, 
Olynthus, or Chalcidice. The 61 in this clause, preceded by 
uhv in the preceding clause, shows that the effect of the nega- 
tive ovx extends to both clauses. See III. §§ 32, 33. — 
el TcolefiTjaaiev^ " if they would enter into hostilities," i. e. if 
the Olynthians would resist Philip. The Athenians longed 
to see the Olynthians at variance with Philip. See § 7. — 
gg)oeiv~] uv is omitted in order to represent the consequence 
as unconditioned, and consequently, more certain. K. § 
360. P. 7. — /3ap/3apof] Philip was not properly a barbarian 
(i. e. of other than Grecian origin), for, although the Mace- 
donian population was a mixture of Greeks and barbarians, 
the kings claimed a descent from Hercules. 

17. Ovx tc .... Tig ;] " is he not whatever any one might 
call him ? " i. e. any thing however bad. He terminates 

12* 



138 NOTES. (3) 

this series of questions thus abruptly, as if tired of pursuing 
it, and unable to express himself contemptuously enough. 

— -uvra . . . . cvrw] "having permitted all these things, 
and almost having assisted him in effecting them." — tots'] 
" then," " after all this." Calls special attention to the 
time described by the participles. Thus, also, we use then 
after participles describing the character of an act or event. 
tote is used here something like eua in such cases, but it 
implies less indignation. — tovq alTiovf\ " those to blame." 

— b/Ci] Observe the emphatic position of this pronoun (lit. 
"plainly know this /"). — d^ov'] "doubtless," "all will 
agree." Expresses that it is a common sentiment, and 
sometimes with a degree of irony (see § 9, note ; also, K. 
§ 315. 2). " Habet usum in asseverationibus iis, quae ex 
alterius assensu et consentiente sententia suspenduntur." 
Zeun. ad Vig. 

18. Kal vvv] " also now," i. e. just as in war, where no one 
can properly accuse another for a defeat, but each should 
take part of the blame to himself. So in their present de- 
liberations, if they wished to prevent the adoption of bad 
measures, each one should do all he could to make them 
right, while under consideration, and not let injurious meas- 
ures be adopted, for -the purpose of arraigning their authors, 
if they proved unsuccessful. — uyadri tvxv~\ " with a favoring 
fortune." Like the Latin quod bene vertat. " Formula bene 
precandi a Graecis usurpata, quum vel ipsi aliquid suscipe- 
rent." Bremi. — r/Sia'] " agreeable," " pleasing." That 
is, suppose the proposed measures, although good, are not 
agreeable, or interfere with some of the cherished pleasures 
and indulgences of the people. The student cannot fail to 
see how skilfully the orator is framing a shield of defence 
for any one who shall propose to divert the theoric funds to 
military purposes. Such a measure might not be agreeable 
to them, but there could be no doubt of its high utility. — 
OviciTi] " no longer," " not in this case." Referring to ov 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 139 

TJeyu ng to. fieknora, above, where the individual might be 
considered at fault. — nlrjv el ... . napaXeiiret] " unless it 
being allowed him to wish, he neglects to do so," i. e. he 
was not to blame that the supposed measure was not agree- 
able, unless he might have had just what he wished for. A 
remark of great severity, since the Athenians of that day 
sacrificed every thing to pleasure, and were more given to 
wishing for good results, than to self-denying action in or- 
der to secure them. " Of all employments wishing is the 
worst." In the expression ttI^v el, the predicate to which 
kItjv belongs is understood (lit. "except it be, if"). It is 
of the same nature as el ^ el, nisi si. Jelf's K. § 860. 7. 
For deov, see II. § 24. — p'ddtov] Understand hmi. — elg ravro] 
" into the same place," " together," " indiscriminately." — 
hv bliyiS] Understand xpovcp. — eteodai] " to choose," " select," 
i. e. among the conflicting views and measures. — irporedy] 
" when it may be put or proposed," i. e. by the 7rp6edpot, whose 
duty it was to propose the subject for discussion in the as- 
sembly. — alia] Conjunction (properly the neuter plural 
of uXkog), denotes difference or separation from something 
which precedes, and generally what is so different as to en- 
tirely abrogate what precedes. It more commonly follows a 
negative sentence, as here. K. § 322. 6. 

19. !#«] "is able." Thus often. — *;/// eyoye~\ "I for 
one say so." Observe the difference between <j>q[u and elnov 
here. Often, however, <j>ijfu is used in the same sense as 
eIttov (" I say," in general, and not specifically, as here, " I 
say yes," "affirm"). K. § 178, R. 2. — ru napovra] "existing 
means," " actual means." Opposed to rtiv uttovtuv (" from 
what is not possessed," " from anticipated means "). — 
eviroprjcai] " to obtain a supply." — fieya .... /loyoif] " greatly 
contributes to such suggestions," i. e. such as that last made, 
namely, whether they could not obtain means for carrying 
on the war without using the theoric fund. Such sugges- 
tions, he says, are little more than wishes ; the will has much 



140 NOTES. (3) 

to do with them. — obx °^ TU «tyi«ei»] " have not been thus con- 
stituted," "are not thus by nature." 

20. 'Opdre] " see," " consider." — ravff~\ " these things," i. e. 
the method of obtaining means for the war. — aims .... 
hdexerai] " as the actual state of things admits." This is an 
adverbial, and not a substantive sentence. (K. § 342. 1.) 
According to the punctuation here adopted, o-rug, in a some- 
what modified sense ("how"), affects, also, dw^aeade, and 
i&re, but if a comma should be admitted after evdixerat, it 
would affect that verb alone. — tol] " surely." Strictly an 
old dative for ru, and hence an illative confirmatory particle, 
used especially in affirming general principles. K. § 317. 3. 
But according to others, it is the old dat. for col ("sir" 
"you blow"). C. § 81, R. 4. — &rr»] "is it the part of." 
— khluKovTug n . . . . <j>ep€iv^ " neglecting any thing connected 
with the war, through want of money, to bear such re- 
proaches," i. e. such as they were bearing, " of sacrificing 
the interest of the state, betraying their allies," etc. — 
ei'xepcjg^ "easily," " slothfully." See the word, De Coron. 
§ 70. — //ev] " while." Connects its clause closely with 
that which follows, containing the corresponding de. The 
two clauses express different parts of one idea, as is done 
in the preceding sentence by a part, with an infin. The 
expeditions here referred to, against the Corinthians and 
Megarians, took place long before (the first, probably, B. C. 
460, the second, B. C. 432), but are spoken of as con- 
ducted by them in the present, according to Franke, be- 
cause, as citizens of the Athenian state, they might be con- 
sidered the same, though different individuals. — 6l' unopiav 
k. t. l.~\ " through a scarcity of supplies for the soldiers." 
s(j>o6io)v here includes both pay (fuadog) and provisions. 
rolg arparevofdvoLg is dat. of advantage after tyoSiov. See I. § 
22, note. 

21. ovx iv . . . . v/j.Cjv'] "not that I may become offensive 
to certain of you." A final substantive-sentence, having its 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 141 

predicate in the subj., because the verb of the principal 
sentence is in one of the principal tenses. K. § 330. 1, 2. 
Ttacv refers to such as resisted the diversion of the thcoric 
fund to military purposes. — tt/v aAAwf] Understand 656v 
(lit. " the otherwise way," " the perverse way," = " with- 
out purpose" "for nothing"). The phrase is explained by 
fiedsv utyz'Xelv vo/ii&v. — &TVXy£~] " ill-starred." — uvrl tJ/c, .... 
XuptToc'] " before the pleasures imparted by speaking." See 
a fuller exhibition of the idea, IV. § 38. — kirl rdv npoyovuv'] 
For an explanation of this phrase, see § 2. — ukovcj'] In the 
pres. because the character of the ancient orators was a mat- 
ter of general notoriety, and thus lived in the present. Thus 
often in such cases. K. § 255, R. 1. — nolcreiag'] "adminis- 
tration," " managing the state," " civil life." 

22. 'Ef ov] " since." — ovtoi'] That is, " these whom you 
all know so well." — ire^vaat] " have made their appearance," 
" have come upon the stage." For the employment of the 
second perf., instead of the first, see I. § 10. — HpoKeiroTat] 
" have been drunk away," " have been sacrificed for." Thus 
Trpoiiiveiv is often used. See Orat. F. L. § 152. — TrapavTina] 
Acquires the force of an adjective by having the article be- 
fore it ; " immediate," " momentary." — Toiavrl'] That is, 
such as were seen on all sides. — tovtuv~\ The orators who 
had sacrificed the interests of the city to their own personal 
advantage. 

23. KEfyakaia] " as chief points," " as a summary." — 
epyov"J " of the works," " doings," " deeds." — yvupi[ws~^ 
"known," "familiar." Because concerning their own his- 
tory. — evSaifioaiv'j In the dat. by attraction, because v/dv, the 
object of e^eari, is in the dat. K. § 307. 2 ; C. § 70. 10. 

24. Toivw~] Used here (as at the beginning of § 25) as a 
particle of transition or continuation. See § 4, note. — 
ol Uyovreg] " the speakers," " the orators." Referring now 
to the ancient orators. — ovd" kfy'Ckovv .... vvv~^ That is, they 
did not make such a show of affection, they did not consult 



142 NOTES. (3) 

them so much in proposing public measures, inquiring what 
they wished, etc., but rather inquired what would be for the 
public good. The remark is full of irony, avrovg, in this 
clause, stands in place of the relative. It is often used thus 
in a clause where the preceding relative would have to be 
repeated in a different case. Math. § 472. 3. — nivre [ikv . . . . 
hrr]~\ That is, from the second Persian war to the beginning 
of the Peloponnesian war (from B. C. 477 to B. C. 432). 
In Philip. III. § 23, he makes the period of their supremacy 
seventy-three years, including the twenty-eight years of the 
Peloponnesian war, as their supremacy was not wholly lost 
till the close of the war. But up to the beginning of that 
war, their supremacy was acknowledged and voluntarily 
submitted to. — avyyayov"] " carried up," " deposited." Dur- 
ing this period the revenue of Athens from home duties and 
the contributions of the allies was very great. "What re- 
mained over and above the current expenses was deposited 
in a posterior apartment of the Parthenon (oirureodofiog), until 
it finally reached the sum here mentioned (not far from ten 
million of dollars; see § 5, note). — rav-riv rqv x^P av ^\ That 
is, Macedonia. In what degree of submission to Athens 
Macedonia was, during this period, is not accurately known. 
Perdiccas the Second, the king at that time, courted the 
friendship of Athens, but does not seem to have been trib- 
utary to any considerable extent. See De Halon. § 12. — 
7re^] " by land." Opposed to vavuaxovvreg. — eorr/oav^ First 
aor., and hence transitive; "placed," "erected." — avrol'j 
" themselves," i. e. personally, and not trusting, as they did 
then, to mercenary troops. — \iovot 61 ... . Kajsfam<n>~\ " and 
finally (6e ; see <5e repeated three times before this, after /.isv, 
above), alone of men, left a fame arising from their deeds 
(lit. at their deeds, or based upon their deeds) above the 
reach of the envious." 

25. 'Enl .... tglov-ol\ " over Grecian affairs now (i. e. 
in their superintendence of the affairs of Greece at large) 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 143 

they were such." For this meaning of km, see K. § 29 G. 
3, e. — oiKodoufj/^ara'] " public buildings," " structures." Re- 
ferring to the Propykca, docks, porticos, etc., named by 
Demosthenes, Orat. Contr. Aristoc. § 207. — kuIIt) .... 
lep£)v~] "ornaments of temples," i. e. ornaments consisting 
of temples, = ornamented or beautiful temples. Such as 
those of Theseus, Erechtheus, the Odeum, and the Parthe- 
non. — o)gts .... 7u:lEL$d(u~\ " so that no chance of surpass- 
ing them has been left to any of their descendants." Prob- 
ably no other city, in any age of the world, was so highly 
decorated with architectural and other artistic ornaments 
as Athens in the time of Pericles. For a fine descrip- 
tion of its wealth in the plastic arts, see Discourse of 
Frederick Jacobs, Classical Studies, by Sears, Edwards, and 
Felton. 

26. v<yav .... fievovre^ Instead of tyevov, to denote a per- 
manent State. See I. § 7. — ev t£> ttjs Tcokirziaq fidet^ " in the 
spirit of the constitution," " in keeping with the constitu- 
tion," i. e. simple and democratic in their style of living, 
etc. — & ng upa] " if any one, perchance," si quis forte. 
K. § 324. 3, a, examples. It is implied that the degenerate 
Athenians of his time thought or cared so little about these 
ancient worthies, that they knew nothing of the character of 
their houses. — diroia no? eariv'j " of what distinctive charac- 
ter it is." 7rore is often joined thus both to the direct and 
the indirect interrogative, to indicate anxiety or wonder 
of the inquirer how the thing can be so, like tandem (" pos- 
sibly," " I should like to know," " tell me," and hence 
"conceivable," " describable," "distinctive"). K. § 344, 
R. 2. These dwellings were probably standing in the time 
of Demosthenes, and hence they are spoken of in the pres. 
— Trepujvoiav'j " riches." — avrolf\ Dat. of the agent after 
the pass., instead of the gen. with vtto, or rather, it does not 
express barely the agent, but at the same time the persons 
interested in the action (" the affairs of the city were not 



144 NOTES. (3) 

managed by them and for personal advantage"). K. § 251, 
RR. 4, 5. 

27. xpuy&voiq .... 7:poaraTatf\ " enjoying such leaders as 
I have spoken of." xpuy&vois refers to eicsivoig, and dig is 
attracted into the case of irpoGrdratg, i. e. the case required 
by xpuf^voig, rather than that required by eiizov, upon which 
logically it depends. xP u f^ vot c, then, controls all the other 
words in the sentence. That is to say, the relative clause 
(pis eIttov) is little more than a simple attributive to Trpoardraig 
(" enjoying what-I-spoke-of leaders"). Thus often. K. § 
332. 6. — imd'] "by," "under." Used as with the pass, after 
lX E h which is intransitive. K. § 249. 3. — ribv xpv°™v rtiv vOv] 
" those excellent orators of the present day." xpn^k is often 
ironical. See De Coron. § 30. — ~Kpd ye] upa expresses 
doubt, and hence in plain cases like this has an ironical 
force. This point and irony are increased by ye. See 
ofcocov -ye, De Coron. § 136. — av exuv^ "although I might 
be able." The part., as is often the case, contains the con- 
cessive idea, although, while, at the same time, by the in- 
fluence of av, it acquires a conditional meaning. See § 8 ; 
also, De Coron. § 258, note. — kpe/xlag'] " destitution," " ab- 
sence," i. e. of rivals. Governed by k-nzCkrunikvoi (" although 
having fallen upon," i. e. although living in an age, etc.). 
The relative sentence before this noun serves as an attrib- 
utive to it. See above. — a7Tolul6ruv~\ That is, at Leuctra 
and Mantinea, where they were overcome by the The- 
bans, and their power broken. — ucxohuv 6vtcdv~] " Bello 
Phocensi turn maxime occupati erant Thebani." Vom. 
— r]p2v uvTiTd%aodai] " to arrange themselves against us," " to 
contend with us," " to vie with us." — e%bv d'] For the con- 
struction of k£bv, see II. § 24. For the repetition of 6e so 
many times after fiiv, see § 24, note. — (3pa(3eveiv2 "adjudi- 
cate," " decide." 

28. xupae olneiaf\ Amphipolis and Chalcidice. See IV. 
§ 4. — kv tg) Tro^i/zcj] That is, what was called the Boeotian 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 145 

war, against the Lacedaemonians (see the chronological 
table, 01. 100. 2). In this war the Athenians, principally 
by the exertions of Chabrias, Iphicrates, and Timotheus, re- 
gained a large part of the allies which they had lost in the 
Social War. See Boeckh, p. 416, seq. rw note/ia forms an 
antithesis to «»?/f, below. There was peace at home at 
the time there referred to. And, indeed, even Philip was 
not professedly and openly at war with them, but pretended 
all the time to be at peace. And the Athenians opposed 
him so feebly, that they only gave him exercise in arms, 
and thus developed his strength. 

29. 'A?2', w tw] See I. § 36. — Kal ri . . . . ATjpovg ;] " and 
what could one mention (i. e. as evidence of this) ? Those 
battlements which we are bedaubing with plaster, and the 
ways which we are repairing, and fountains, and frivolities ?" 
The orator is supposed here to refer especially to the foolish 
measures of Eubulus. — rovg ravra 7zo/\,itevojj£vov^ " those man- 
aging these affairs," " the authors of this policy." For the 
usage of no2,crEV£Gdat, see De Coron. § 4, note. 

30. ical ri 6rj 7ror£] " and why now, I should like to know." 
For the force of vote, see § 26, note. — rb fi£v Trpurov^ "at 
the first," " originally." For the article here, see XV. § 14. 
Referring to the preceding and more prosperous period ; it 
stands opposed to vvv 6h, below. The not following, means 
" even," " also," that is to go on expeditions, as well as to 
do other duties. — uyadtiv'j That is, honors, office, etc. — 
uya-KTjrbv rjv~\ " it was satisfactory," " it was esteemed a 
favor." — rtiv d;Uc«n>] That is, the others besides the people, 
viz. the orators. 

31. Sou tovtcjv^ The orators. — tyelg 6' 6 6rj(iog~\ "you the 
people." Just as in our language. — TtEpiripTifj.Evoc'] "bereft 
of," " deprived of." Takes the accusative, because in the ac- 
tive it takes two accusatives. K. § 280. 3, d. — tv . . . .p-pa] 
For this use of (j.epel, see II. § 14, note. — dyaircJvrEg'j "well 
satisfied." See § 30; also, I. § 14. — dEupintiv'] Partitive 

13 



14(3 NOTES. (3) 

gen.; "of the theoric funds," "a pittance of the theoric 
funds." — ;/ poqdpofua -tuvuaiv^ " or exhibit to you with pomp 
the Boedromia." The Boedromia (from poTjtpo/itiv. " to rush 
upon the enemy") was a festival, according to some, in 
lienor of Apollo, but according to others, in commemoration 
of the victory of Theseus over the Amazons. See Smith's 
Diet. Antiq. — kcu to ... . avdpeuJraTov^ " and what is the most 
manly of all," i. e. to mention " what is," etc. Ironical, of 
course. For the construction, see II. § 1. note. — ^«P iV ] 
" gratitude," u thanks." '"obligation." To feel under obliga- 
tion for what was their own was not, of course, very manly. 
— 01 (5'] The orators. — Kadeip^avreg'] " shutting you up," 
u keeping you from going to engage in the wars." As the 
Scholiast suggests, the figure is taken from the confining, 
training, and domesticating wild beasts. Hence the par- 
ticular coloring of the language which follows (k-uyovoLv, 
" train," Tidaaevovai, " tame," x^pwfiaQ, " accustomed to the 
hand," "submissive"). 

32. veavLKbv~\ ' ; youthful," " high-spirited," " noble." This 
is a fine sentiment. A parallel passage is found in Cicero 
(Lad. IX. 32, quoted by Yomel,) — " Nihil enim altum, nihil 
magnificum ac divinum suscipere possunt, qui suas omnes 
cogitationes abjecerunt in rem tarn humilem tamque con- 
temptam." — Taira] Transferred from the subordinate to 
the principal clause, and made dependent upon davuuacupii, ex- 
plained by what follows. K. § 347. 3. — t<jv TTe-otriKoruv^ 
Put in the gen. instead of the dat. after ^, through the in- 
fluence of (iei&v. Thus often, where the verb of the two 
clauses is the same, and the subject of the comparison is in 
an oblique case, dependent upon the verb (Jelf 's K. § 782. e ; 
also, Soph. Antig. v. 7-4.) It seems to be a species of what 
is called the comparatio compendaria, where, instead of the 
attribute of one object being compared with the attributive 
of another, the attribute of one object is compared directly 
with the other object itself. K. § 323, R. 6. — yeveGdcu] Gov- 



(3) OLYNTHIAC III. 147 

ertied by ireiroiiiKOTuv. — Tr&pfrqciaj "freedom of speech," but 
here "liberty to speak freely." Referring, not to any abso- 
lute restraint laid upon tbe liberty of speech, but to the 
various ways, of annoying and silencing the expression of 
unpopular sentiments, such as hisses, groans, etc., resorted 
to by opposing factions and noisy demagogues. See De 
Coron. § 143, note. This whole passage (from § 24), em- 
ployed in contrasting their present and past condition, is 
admirable. 

33. aKKii vvv y eri] u?3iu expresses opposition to a clause 
to be supplied; as, if not before, "yet," etc. In De Coron. 
§ 191, we find the clause supplied before iiKkd to which it re- 
fers ('ETTftcV) 6' ov tote, uMu). See the same combination 
of particles as here, Soph. Antig. v. 552. — rale irepiovoiaic;~\ 
" excess of means," " superfluities," i. e. the theoric funds, 
which, as used at home, were of no advantage to the city. 
— tuv ajaduv'j Governed, as a partitive gen. by ru £&, " ex- 
ternal advantages," " interests out of the city." — laug uv, laug] 
Observe the repetition for emphasis and rhetorical effect, 
and see II. § 10. The opt. here in the apodosis, follows 
the subj. with 'eav in the protasis, in order to represent the 
consequence as more uncertain or undetermined. K. 339. 
3, a ; C. § 74. 3, 2. — reXecov re ... . uyad6v~] " some perfect 
and great good," i. e. the recovery of what they had lost, the 
conquest of Philip, the restoring of the state to its former 
splendor and power. Franke. — rtiv tocovtuv A^/zarcw] " from 
such paltry gains," i. e. the reception of their theatrical fees, 
etc., as described in § 31. — role aodijvovai] Governed by 
Stdo/ievotc ("like morsels given to the sick by the doctors"). 
oiria is vegetable food, and evidently refers here to the 
simpler forms of its preparation, such as are barely sufficient 
to keep one alive, and under the doctor's hands, without 
imparting health and strength. kKelva .... ravra'] Observe 
the use of these two pronouns here. The former refers 
to oLTioiq, as being introduced barely for the purpose of 



148 NOTES. (3) 

illustration, and hence, in thought, though mentioned last, 
the more remote object, while the latter refers to what is 
illustrated by arnoi^ i. e. the miserable pittance dealt out 
to them by the political leaders, in the form of shows, etc. 
— vifieoOs^ " receive," " enjoy." Observe the peculiar force 
of the middle voice. In the act. it means " to distribute," 
hence in the mid. " to distribute among themselves," = 
receive, enjoy. — unoyvovrag^ " having renounced," " relin- 
quished," " given up." Second aorist part, from inroyiyvucKu. 
34. Ovkovv .... Xeyeig ;] " ergo tu stipendium facere jubes 
ex pecuniis theatralibus ? " Auger. — Kal irapaxp^fxa .... 
inravTuv'] "yes, and forthwith, too, the same arrangement of 
all," i. e. the same liability to military service, as well as 
the same pay from the theoric fund. They could not then 
charge him with proposing to take these funds from the 
people, since he only proposed that all alike should draw 
from them, and all alike perform some public service in re- 
turn. He evidently gives this as the substance of what he 
had been proposing in the previous part of the oration, as 
this is the peroration. See also fiyayov, clitov, § 35. Hence 
the opt. dioiro, vTtapxot, which follow. — Tdv kolvuv^ The 
theoric funds. — to [dpoc~] Observe the possessive meaning 
of the art. {his part). K. § 244. 3, 4; also, De Coron. § 2, 
note. — rovff vnapxot] " might be this," i. e. he might be what 
his country wanted. For the opt., see above. There are 
other readings here, but this seems to be supported by the 
best authority. — 'E&ctlv ayetv rjavxiav ;] The orator now pro- 
ceeds to describe more fully the nature of his proposition, 
by making application of it to the various cases which would 
be likely to occur. His first supposition is, that there is a 
state of peace. In this case they would draw their propor- 
tion of the fund, and thus be bettered by it. — /MuW] " bet- 
tered," i. e., as he goes on to say, by being relieved of the 
necessity of doing any thing disgraceful through want. 
Some understand i)7cupxoi here, but as the design is to de- 



(3) OLYNTIIIAC III. 149 

scribe how each one may be what his Country needs, in 
different cases, nothing seems to be required but the part. 
(fxevuv). So we have frmtpxav in the next case. But in the 
third case, by a change of construction, we have the im- 

perat. (Aa^averw). — avayKif^ "by necessity." toiovtov^ That 

is, " so unfavorable," " so disastrous." Referring to the 
war with Philip. — avrdg'] " yourself," " personally." — 
utto tCjv avruv, k. t. X.~\ That is, the fees or stipend drawn 
from the theoric fund. — efw T?jg i/Xcuia^ "beyond the mili- 
tary age." If taken in its highest sense, this was above 
sixty. But in particular campaigns they usually named 
some age under this, up to which citizens would be liable to 
enlistment. See § 4, note. — lv 'lar/ rd£a] " in an equal or 
uniform system." As those liable to military service were 
to serve abroad for their stipend, so those beyond this age 
were to serve at home, as in the Senate, the assembly, the 
courts, etc. 

35. ovt' ufcldv .... (j.tnptiv~j " neither having taken away 
nor added, except small things." He had left to them their 
theoric fees as before, to be increased, however, to a stipend 
(fitoOocbopav), and had only added, that all thus receiving of 
their country's treasures should perform some public ser- 
vice for that country. — 7/yayov^ " I led," " reduced," i. e. 
when supposed to be interrupted by the question at the be- 
ginning of § 34, and, indeed, he had been doing it in all the 
preceding part of the speech ; the purpose is expressed by 
the aor. as accomplished. So elnov below. See also § 34, 
note. — ra^cv 7:oLT]aag~\ " having made the same system." 
Separated from ttjv avrfv by the intervening words, because 
they bear an attributive relation to it. See II. 16. — 
ru Tuv ttoiovvtg)v~J " what belongs to those doing something." 
— avTovg'J " ourselves." — apytiv ml axo^ui^ecv'j The former in- 
dicates "freedom from toil," the latter, "freedom from care 
and anxiety." — a-Kopdv~\ That is, as the Scholiast interprets 
it, " to hang around the theatres, receiving nothing but their 
13* 



150 NOTES. (4) 

two obols for admission, instead of entering the war and en- 
riching themselves by it." This is suggestive of the condi- 
tion of the common people at Athens. See also Xen. Anab. 
III. 2. 2G. — rov 6dvog~] " Charetis, Charidemi alius ve ducis 
mercenariorum." Franke. — otl . . . . vikucl~\ A substantive 
sentence repeated by ravra. They were more likely, of 
course, in the present state of affairs, to hear of their being 
conquered, but the orator does not want to admit the possi- 
bility even of a mercenary force, under an Athenian gen- 
eral, being conquered. " De industria verbo plausibili est 
usus ad excitandos glorise ac victorias dulcedine animos." 
Wolf. 

36. ovxt fiefLtyofiat, k. r. A.] " Monet orator hoec a se dici 
non odio mercenariorum militum, sed Atheniensium studio." 
Franke. — rfjg apn%] Strictly depending on ra^eug, but 
placed after the relative, as though depending upon it, for 
emphasis (" not to retire from the post which to you your 
ancestors, the post of valor, left"). — eloicQi^ Opt., express- 
ing a wish. K. § 259. 3, b. 



PHILIPPIC I. 



This Oration was delivered four years earlier than the 
Olynthiacs, Olymp. 107. 1, B. C. 352, in order to arouse 
the Athenians from their supineness and dejection to some 
decisive measures of resistance to the dangerous aggressions 
of Philip, with whom they were in a state of neither peace 
nor war. The following is the course of thought : — 

1. Were a new subject before them for deliberation, he 
should have waited till the older members had spoken. § 1. 

2. In the first place, they should not be discouraged, be- 
cause their misfortunes had been brought about by neglect 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 151 

of their duty, and might, therefore, be repaired by doing their 
duty. 2. 

3. Again, they should be encouraged by calling to mind 
their success against the Lacedaemonians on a former occa- 
sion, when each one acted worthily of the city. 3. 

4. That there was no occasion for discouragement in 
the fact that Philip had acquired so extensive means and 
possessions, since they themselves once possessed nearly all 
of them ; and as he gained these originally by not standing 
in fear of the Athenians, then having at their command such 
extensive resources, so they might recover them if they 
would only act upon the same principles which he had acted 
upon, and not stand in awe of him as a god, who held his 
possessions so securely and firmly that they could not be 
wrested from him. 4-8. 

5. That, in consequence of this servile feeling of awe 
which they had manifested towards him, he had been em- 
boldened to proceed from one step to another in his aggres- 
sions upon their interests, till he had reached such a point 
that it seemed impossible to conceive of any thing better 
fitted to arouse them to the most strenuous opposition, 
whereas they were only busying themselves in hearing 
and reporting certain rumors about him, instead of resist- 
ing him. 9-12. 

6. That he would now proceed to describe the kind, ex- 
tent of, and the means of sustaining the force which seemed 
to him suited to the demands of the case, requesting them 
to suspend their judgment of his plan till he had fully de- 
veloped it, especially as his scheme was directly opposed to 
those temporary measures to which they were accustomed 
to give heed. 13-15. 

7. That they should raise a force of citizen soldiers, with 
the necessary vessels, which should hold itself in readiness 
at all times to issue out to meet Philip in any of his sudden 
sallies forth from his country, and thus keep him at home, 
or else attack his country if he left it. 16 - 18. 



152 NOTES. (4) 

8. That first, however, they should raise a mixed force 
of two thousand infantry and two hundred cavalry, and 
furnish them with fast-sailing vessels, to act on the of- 
fensive, and perpetually harass him by every possible 
means. 19-22. 

9. That he had proposed so small a force, in order that 
there might be no difficulty in maintaining it, and because 
a large force did not seem to be demanded for this kind of 
service ; while he had proposed to have it consist partly of 
mercenaries and partly of citizen soldiers, since past expe- 
rience had proved that mercenaries could not be trusted 
without an intermixture of citizens. Hence, all, both com- 
mon citizens and citizen generals, should hold themselves in 
readiness to go forth in the service of their country, and not 
hang around Athens, as they were accustomed to, witnessing 
and exhibiting shows. 23 — 27. 

10. That it would only be necessary to provide sufficient 
means to furnish this force with ration-money, since they 
would easily obtain the rest from the enemy. 28 - 30. 

11. That an acquaintance with the situation of the coun- 
try of Philip, and of the winds prevailing on the coast, 
would suggest the propriety of providing a station for this 
force at some of the islands off the coast of Macedonia, 
whence it might avail itself of all favorable opportunities of 
injuring or annoying him. 31, 32. 

12. That if they would make such arrangements, and in- 
dividually enter into them with zeal, they would not need to 
make any further arrangements, and would speedily deprive 
Philip of the greater part of his resources, who had grown 
rich and powerful only by plundering them. But in order 
to the success of the plan, it must be definitely established in 
all its particulars and details by law, for the want of which 
their plans had failed hitherto. 33 -37. 

13. That, in opposing Philip, hitherto, they had merely 
followed in the wake of his conquests, and endeavored to re- 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 153 

pair the losses which they had sustained from time to time, 
without pursuing any comprehensive plan for defending 
thenr-elves against his ravages. But that he had now- 
reached such a pitch of insolent daring, that, if they had any 
spirit left, they would enter personally and with zeal upon 
some more comprehensive plan of resistance, and not trust, 
as they had hitherto, to mercenary troops alone. 38— 46. 

14. That the only way in which they could hope to ren- 
der their condition any better was by becoming soldiers 
themselves, and instead of occupying themselves in bring- 
ing the generals to trial, and fabricating rumors about the 
movements and designs of Philip, they should fix it in their 
minds that he was their settled enemy, and would do them 
all the harm he could, and oppose him as such. 47 - 50. 

15. That he had not spoken for their gratification, but 
for their good, as he was wont to do, but did not feel sure 
that what he had said for their good would not result to his 
injury. 51. 

§1. EZ . . . . Tr-povridero'j "if it had been proposed," "if 
we had been called upon," i. e. by the nposSpou See III. 
§ 18. Impossible conditional propositions relating to the 
past are expressed in English by the pluperfect, both in the 
conditioning and the conditioned clauses (as, "if he had 
been living he would have obeyed my summons," but he 
is not living, etc.). In Greek such propositions are ex- 
pressed either by the imperfect, by the aorist, or by the 
pluperfect, in each case with el in the conditioning clause 
and uv in the conditioned clause. The imperfect, in such 
cases, refers the action directly to the real time of its oc- 
currence, and as continuing from that point (as, " if it was 
proposed," i. e. at the time the proposition was actually 
made, and continued to the present time), instead of view- 
ing it as a mere independent occurrence, momentary in its 
nature (aorist), or as an action completed antecedently to 



154 NOTES. ({) 

some assumed point of past time, and continued in its effects 
to the present time (pluperfect ; as, "if it had been proposed 
before our deliberations commenced, and continued proposed 
as the subject of our present discussion"). See Jelf's K. § 
856, R. 1. — kiuox&v av~\ "I should, waiting." uv is prepara- 
tory here, and hence is repeated before its predicate, after 
the intermediate clauses. See I. § 10. Jelf's K. § 429, R. 
1 ; C. § 73. 7. It was the rule in the Athenian assembly, 
that the older orators should speak first, and as Demosthenes 
at this time was but thirty-one years old, he seems to have 
supposed some apology necessary for speaking first on the 
present occasion. Herm. Polit. Antiq. § 129. 4. — uvaoTug~] 
" Sedebant enim in concionibus Athenienses. Itaque, qui 
verba facturus erat, avion? et irapijei, sive TTaprjXdev km to pT/fia 
vel uvifir}" Kriig. The clauses of this introductory period 
are very nicely balanced. Sauppe remarks upon it : " Pe- 
riodus artificiosissime structura documento esse potest, 
quanta diligentia Demosthenes Orationes elaboravit." — 
£K tov napelrilvd6Toi\ Not only from, but through, past time. 
ek is used for kv here by attraction, from the idea of contin- 
uance or motion from the past down to the present time. 
This is similar to the attraction of adverbs (see I. § 15). 
K. § 300. 3. (4) ; C. § 82. 2. So, also, § 2. See Philip. 
III. § 5, where, in an entirely parallel passage, kv is used 
with the dat. All the. difference there can be in the two 
constructions is, that the conception in the two cases is 
slightly different ; in one the idea of rest prevails, in the 
other of motion or extension through (" in former times," 
"from former times down to the present"). But the idea 
of motion seems to have been practically disregarded, as in 
the phrase kn wards ("by night"), kn tov Iolttov xpovov ("in 
future time "), etc. 

2. rolg Trapovci izpayfiaoLv] " at the present state of affairs." 

Constructed with advfir/Teov. K. § 285. 1. (1). — Ti ouv earl 

tovto;'] A very common interrogatory in Demosthenes, 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 155 

employed to awaken attention when about to proceed to 
something of importance. . See V. § 7. — ttoiovvtqv vfiuv"] 
" because you do." Thus the gen. absolute is often to be 
rendered. K. § 312. 4, b. — elxev, .... }jv~\ For the reason 
of employing imperfects here, and the way of translating 
them, see § 1, note. 

3. "Ettelto] Expresses the succession after npurov fiev, § 2. 
The 6e is omitted, as usual, after this particle. See II. § 1. 

— nal Trap' .... uvafii./j,vr]aiio/j.evoi.^ " both those of you who 
have heard from others and those knowing from personal 
recollection" (lit. "themselves remembering"). These dat. 
part, agree with the agent after evOv^teov, viz. vylv under- 
stood. K. § 284. 3. (12). — r/lturjv . . . . ug tcaTitic'] " how great 
a force the Lacedaemonians once having, not long ago, how 
nobly," etc. Two relative or interrogative words are often 
found thus, in Greek, subject to one construction, without 
Kai between them, where we should make two sentences 
(thus, " by you who remember how great a force the Lacedae- 
monians had, and how nobly," etc.). K. § 344, RR. 7, 8. 
The allusion here is, perhaps, to what was called the Boeo- 
tian war, but more probably to the Corinthian war, since 
the former was too recent to be referred to as merely heard 
of. See II. § 24. — t&v 6tKaiuv~\ That is, the public rights 
of the Greeks generally. Called in II. § 24, rtiv 'Elfyvtativ 
dwaiuv, and in some editions the same here, but without the 
best authority. — eIS^tl, .... fleaa^fffc] " may know and see." 
The latter implies a more vivid apprehension, as if by sight. 
Observe, too, that the latter is in the aor. as a single act 
of sight, — a single view. — ovdlv ovte .... ovr'^ For the 
double negation, see III. § 5. — tolovtov^ Understand ovSev 
eon. — tovtov~\ Philip. — e/c] " from," " on account of." See 
I. §7. 

4. to te 7rA^of] " both the number," " extent." " Priore 
anno (01. 106. 4) Philippus, cum Onomarcho in Thessalia 
pugnans, plus quam XX. millia peditum et III. millia Thes- 



156 NOTES. (4) 

salorum equitum contraxit ; prreterea classem extruxerat." 
Vom. — nai to to. . . . . rrj tzoXel^ " and that all the fortified 
places have been lost to the city." u-o?M?JvaL is intrans., 
and is used very much like the pass. K. § 249. 3. — (j£vtoi~j 
" but." Expresses opposition to fiev, above, and supplies 
the place here of 6e, as do u/jm, elra, eKEira, etc., in other 
places. K. § 322, RR. 3, 4. The ground of encourage- 
ment here presented to them, that they once possessed the 
greater part of what Philip then had, when he had next to 
nothing, and hence that they had as much reason to expect 
to succeed against him now as he had against them former- 
ly, is very just and ingenious. — aac iruvra rbv . . . . /$«&)] 
" and had all that region around subject," i. e. that part of 
Macedonia around the Thermaic gulf, kvk/xj is placed last, 
in order that olkclov may stand nearer the words witli which 
it is connected. — fie-' ekhvov^ "with him," "cooperating 
with him." So again, § 8. /ierd denotes close connection 
and participation, and hence " aiding," " assisting," " in al- 
liance with." The tribes here referred to as formerly free 
were the Illyrians, Preonians, and Tliessalians. — exetv okawf] 
" to be on friendly terms with." 

5. eTurei^icr/zara] " bulwarks," " commanding points for at- 
tacking," "keys." See De Coron. § 71, where Euboea is 
called emreixto/ia against Attica. — epjj/iov ovra] Referring 
to Philip. — Kei/ieva h fuao)'] "placed in the midst," "lying 
open to competition." Like the prizes at the games. The 
Athenian possession of these places was not so secure as to 
preclude the possibility of his wresting them. — toIc napovoi 
.... u-6vtuv~\ " Cave ad locorum situm referas. Vid. § 12 ; 
Orat. I. 1 ; II. 23." Kriig. 

6. Kal ydp rot] "etenim sane vel profecto." Herm. 
ad Viger. p. 531. For tccd ydp, see I. § 23. rot merely adds 
assurance or certainty to the idea conveyed by the other 
particles. — xpv a ^/ x£v °c'] "having used," "having entertained." 
The aor. part, usually refers to past time, and hence is prop- 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 157 

erly used here in looking back upon the course of Philip 
and describing its character after its completion. The pres. 
part, could have been used only in describing its progress. 
K. § 257. 1, d. — tbde] "Maxime Thessalos et Olynthios 
(01. 105. 4)." Franke. — aal rcpooexeiv .... uTravreg] An 
hexameter verse. Thus not unfrequently in the orators. As 
Cicero (Orat. 56) says, — Versus srepe in oratione per im- 
prudentiam dicimus." For the meaning of itpoaixuv rbv vovv, 
see II. § 13, note. 

7. era ttjq roiavrriq .... yeveadat yvufj.ric'J "firmiter ad- 
hoe rere huic rationi." Ktih. Gr., p. 428. bcl here 
has its usual meaning, " upon," " relying upon," " attached 
to." He says they had only to exhibit the same activity 
and determination to succeed which Philip had manifested, 
in order to recover their losses. — knecd/inep^ " since, as is 
well known." 6rj (surely), nip (thoroughly, entirely), add 
confirmation and certainty to eirei, and show that it is a clear 
case, which no one could dispute. — ou] " where and when." 
" ev & ttcupu) Kal to-ku" Wolf. See De Coron. §§ 124, 125. 
— 6vvai-f~\ That is, "if willing, might." Hence the opt. after 
the indie, pres. — elpuvdav~\ " dissimulation," " pretexts for 
not performing their duty," i. e. complaining of the want of 
means, etc. See the same fault censured, § 37. — npaTrav] 
" to act." Used absolutely, without an object. The kind 
of action he describes in the succeeding sentences. — spAt/up] 
See III. § 4, note. — avvelovn 6' dxlu^ Understand el-relv. 
Lit. " for one having comprehended all to speak frankly." 
= " to speak right out briefly." This is one of the most 
difficult forms of a Greek idiom, which uses a part, in the 
dat. thus, referring to a person in whose view, character, or 
will a thing is so. K. § 284. 3. (10), a. Some forms of 
the idiom are allowable in our language, as, for instance, 
" to one entering Rome, the dome of St. Peter's is seen in 
the distance." C. § 59, R. 3. — Vfiuv avruv .... yeveodai] " to 
become masters of yourselves," " acquire a sense of personal 

14 



158 NOTES. (4) 

responsibility and self-reliance." See II. § 30. — avrbg .... 
e/tacTTOf] " himself, each one," " individually, each one." Thus 
always in Greek, av-6g precedes aKaarog ; but in our language 
it is the reverse ("each one, individually"). K. § 303. 3; 
C. § 48. 6. — nofielode^ "you will receive," "you will re- 
cover." — teal ... . Kal .... Kal (kukelvov)'] "both .... and 
.... as well as also." — iraTuv uva?.7ppeode^ " you will receive 
again," lit. " will regain again." What is called a parallel- 
ism, as we sometimes hear it in English, either from careless- 
ness or a desire to make the idea more intense. See § 14, 

Tzporepov irpoAa/LLyuveTE ; also III. § 2, npokapeiv .... rr/v 7zpurj]v ; 

Philip. II. § 18, etc. 

8. ireireyevaC] " have been fixed," " established." — aduvara] 
" as perpetual," " so as to be perpetual." Taken in a pred- 
icative sense. See I. § 28. The orator shows that he un- 
derstood human nature, — that no one, especially in Philip's 
situation, could be without enemies. He wished to divest 
him, in their eyes, of that transcendent character in which 
they looked upon him, as more like the gods than men. — 
rig] "Quod multi faciant, id exempli causa dicitur 
unus aliquis facere. Yid. Thucyd. 3. III." Saupp. — 
baa nsp~\ Trip adds the idea of identity, exactness, to the rela- 
tive ("precisely as many," "exactly what"). K. § 317. 1 ; 
C. § 28. 3. — Kai] "also." Often used thus in dependent 
clauses, referring to another Kai in the principal clause, 
where, by the principles of our language, it does not seem 
to be required ; but in Greek such clauses are conceived of 
as more intimately connected. See Jelf's K. § 761. 1. — 
/cdv] By crasis for Kal h. — KaTi-nrrixe] " have slunk out of 
sight," " do not show themselves." — uTxoarpod^v] " refuge," 
i. e. support and encouragement. 

9. ol ... . uoetyeiag2 " to what a height of excess or inso- 
lence." Corresponding to the Latin quo petulantia. — 
d-edei] " Fortasse quod Pylas relinquere coactus erat (01. 
106. 4)." Franke. — olog ka-iv\ "is not such as," "is not 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 159 

of a make." fiheiv depends upon it. — kid tovtuv'] " to re- 
main upon these," " to confine himself to these." See § 6, 
note. — 7rpoanept(3aXXeTac] " is compassing," " aiming to obtain 
in addition." See irepi^a^o/ievog in this sense, De Coron. § 
231. — [xellovraf^ "delaying." Thus often, since what one 
is about to do implies delay. — nepLOTOLxKeraC] " incloses as in 
a net." 

10. nor' .... n6re~\ Repeated for emphasis (see II. § 
10). This is not the indefinite note, it will be observed, but 
the demonstrative. — 'EKetdav tl yivrirat ;] " when what may- 
have happened ? " A Greek idiom, by which two interroga- 
tive or relative words are drawn into the same sentence, not 
unlike that noticed § 3. See the references to the Gram, 
there made. — vrj At'] Often used thus in answering one's 
self, or rather, anticipating the answer of another. See De 
Coron. § 101. — tu ytyvo/xeva] "the things which are now 
coming to pass." Do not these amount to a necessity ? — 
'Eyd //ev] For fj£v alone here, see III. § 8, note. — u-ke fiot] 
Often used thus in the singular, where the address is made 
to more than one. K. § 241, R. 13, a. — irepuovrec] That is, 
in the agora, receiving and imparting news on all exciting 
topics. See §§ 48, 49 ; also, De Coron. § 158, note. — 
avrC)v~\ Reciprocal rather than reflexive, as often (K. § 302. 
7). So we sometimes use ourselves, themselves, for each 
other. — yap'] This refers to a supposed negative answer to 
the preceding question, and gives the reason for that an- 
swer, since it shows, by a play upon the word icaivog (mean- 
ing both "new" and "strange"), that nothing could be 
newer or stranger than what already existed. — Maneddv uvr)6] 
Philip. Spoken of thus by way of contempt, and also by 
way of contrast to 'Adnvaiovg (" a Macedonian man conquer- 
ing Athenians"). 

11. aadevei] See I. § 13. " Crebriores turn Athenas 
perlati esse rumores videntur; ssepius enim vulneratus (De 
Coron. § 67), et multis laboribus fatigatus fortasse turn segro- 



1G0 NOTES. (4) 

tabat Philippus, et quod sperabant, facile credebant levissimi 
(III. § 19). Ne vero cogitemus de morbo, cui in Heraeo 
cafiteUo oppugnando succubuit cujusque rumor demum 01. 
107. 2, Athenas perlatus est." Vom. — uv ov-og tl ■nady'] 
lit. "if he may suffer any thing," "if any thing serious 
should befall him," " if he should die." Thus, generally, ri 
has an unfavorable meaning with naoxeiv, as in the corre- 
sponding phrase in our language. This is the aor. subj. fol- 
lowing av (i. e. lav), because it denotes a single act ; but 
below, where another condition of the principal sentence is 
given, the pres. subj. is used to denote a continued action. 
The predicate of the principal sentence is in the fut. (■noif/aeTe'). 
K. § 339. II. b. — rrapa] "by," "by means of." The literal, 
local meaning, " by," seems to be transferred to the causal 
relation. 

12. KaiToc Kal rovro] "and yet also this applies," i. e. what 
follows. A phrase often used thus in introducing, as appli- 
cable to the present 'case, some admitted saying or principle 
(see De Coron. § 123). When kaelvo stands with it, iaelvo 
refers to the principle, and rovro to its application. Jelf 's K. 
§bb. 8. — el re ... . rjiuv'] " if any thing should befall him, 
and the events of fortune bring about even this for us." 
For tu rJjg rvxm see K. § 263, b; it forms the subject of 
e^epyuaaiTo. — fi£?~iov~\ " better." Used adverbially. — lod'~\ 
" know ye," " be assured." — on ^rjaiov .... dLOLK^caLade^ " that 
in case you are near by, watching the affairs thrown into 
confusion (i. e. by the death of Philip), you might arrange 
them for yourselves as you wish." The part, bv-eg and 
eTTiGTavreg, expressing, as they do, parallel actions, are not 
connected by a copulative. For the rendering given them, 
see K. § 312. 4, a. av belongs to dioiKfjocuode, which expresses 
the consequence or result of the condition implied in the 
participles, just as below, with dvvaiod'. — u-riprrjiiEvoL .... 
yvufiaig^ "being removed both in preparation and feeling," 
i. e, neither having their army nor their thoughts there. 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 161 

13. ( £2f] " that." Introduces a substantive sentence. K. 
§ 329. 1. " Construe: '&g filv ovv (i'fiug) anavrag VTxdp\eiv kdel- 
ovrag rrotdv eroificog ra ■npocijK.ovra. Ceterum anavrag troifiog grav- 

iter in fine enunciationis collocata sunt." Franke. — &s 
lyvcjKorojv^ " as if having understood," " supposing you to 
understand." Like our as with a participle, expressing the 
assumed existence of something as the ground or reason of 
an action. K. § 312. 6 ; C § 71. III. — yv unaX/iut-cu . .'. . 
olo/Hu] " which I think would deliver us from such a state 
of affairs." av gives to the infin., just as to the part., the 
force of the opt., i. e. if the construction with the finite 
verb were used instead of the infin., the opt. would be 
used. See III. §§ 8, 27. — dfr] "now," "immediately." See 
I. §2. 

14. nporepov Trpo/la/z^avere] See § 7. — ef up^f] "from the 
beginning," " at the first." — ava(iakletv~\ " to put off." " Quia 
instituendo illo apparatu (§ 16) multum videbatur temporis 
consumi." Riid. This verb is used mostly in the mid. by 
the Attic writers ; thus, also, by Demos. III. 9 ; IV. 38. 
But in the mid. it denotes that the individual himself de- 
fers something, and in the act. that one keeps others from 
acting. — ra ivpuyfiaTa^ " the undertakings." — ol raxv .... 
einovreg ] " those saying immediately and to-day" i. e. those 
urging immediate action, without taking time to make 
preparations for permanent resistance. — slg deov~\ " to the 
purpose," "seasonably." See Soph. Antig. v. 386. — ov yap 
av ra ye fjdrj ysyevrj/iEva'] "for not surely what has already 
taken place." These it was too late to prevent. 

15. rig ... . ttogt] . . . .ftroflev] " what .... how great .... 
whence," i. e. what kind of armament, of what extent, and 
whence to be supported. The man who should point out 
some comprehensive plan of raising and supporting a per- 
manent army in Macedonia, he says, would serve his coun- 
try best. — neiobevTeg'] " having been persuaded," " by con- 
sent." " Ergo requis conditionibus." Franke. This, per- 

14* 



162 NOTES. (4) 

haps, is implied also in 6ui?jvaC)[ieda. — tov "kontov^ According 
to Hermann (Annotat. to Viger, p. 700), this differs from 
to /.onrov by implying repetition rather than extent of time, 
somewhat as our again differs from for the future, in future. 
According to others, tov lourov is used in the negative, to /m~6v 
in affirmative sentences (but see De Coron. § 78). The true 
distinction, derived from the nature of the two cases, the gen. 
and ace, seems to be, that tov Ioltzov represents the time as a 
cause (i. e. as an indispensable condition of the action), 
while to Xoutov represents it as the measure of the action. — 
tTcayyeTJ^Tol tl] " offers any thing." — otrw] That is, thus as 
just described. — Trpay/za] " thing," " act," " reality," i. e. the 
actual development of his plan. This would show whether 
he had promised too much or not. 

16. TrevTTjKovTa] " Modicum numerum, quum Athenienses 
etiam Demosthenis setate 300 - 400 triremes instruere pos- 
sent." Vom. — avTovg~\ " yourselves," i/nug being understood, 
as the person was sufficiently obvious. — ovto .... «f] " thus 
.... as if." The verbal which follows takes the place here 
of the more common gen. absolute after ug. K. § 312, R. 12. 

— mv Ti dErf] " if there be any necessity," " if it be required." 

— ai)Tolg Efipuotv~] Dat. of agent after kIevoteov ("you must 
yourselves, embarking, sail in them"). K. § 284. 3. (12). 

— Tolg vfiLGEGL tuv iTTTZEuv'] " for the half part of the cavalry." 
Thus generally Tifiocvg takes its noun in the gen. instead of 
agreeing with it. K. § 264, R. 5. c. — -nAom] "merchant- 
vessels." For carrying provisions, etc., for the army. 

17. vTvupxeiv^ " to be ready." — Tavrag^ That is, those well- 
known expeditions of Philip, which had happened within the 
year (01. 107. 1), and were fresh in the memory of all. — 
ekeivu .... 7zapaoTrjaai~\ " to present this to him in his mind." 
The two datives here, one with, and one without a preposi- 
tion, seem to express a relation not unlike that expressed in 
the figure of the whole and its part. K. § 266, R. 4. — ek\ 
" from," i. e. having become aroused from their neglectful 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 1G3- 

course. This expedition into Eubcea (under Timotheus) 
took place 01. 105. 3 ; that to Haliartus, 01. 9G. 1 ; and that 
to Thermopylae, in which they repulsed Philip, a short time 
before the delivery of this oration. 

18. 7cavT£?uoc2 "all perfectly." But with a negative, as 
here (ovjoi'), it corresponds with our at all, by any means. 
ovtol ovd', " not indeed not even," cannot differ materially 
from ov fj.Tjv ovde, and hence = neque .... quidem. See 
Xen. Mem. I. 2. 5, Kuhner's note. — el $ . . . . tovto~] That 
is, if they should not actually make an expedition, but only 
get in readiness for one. For el and av both in the protasis, 
see K. § 340. 6. — tvKara^pbvriTbv eanv'j " is to be despised," 
i. e. what follows. — elal yap, elolv~] " Proditores, quos multos 
cum ubique turn Athenis alebat aurum et gratia Philippi, 
hie Demosthenes significat, fortasse Aristodemum et Neop- 
tolemum histriones, qui iidem postea fuerunt pacis auctores, 
neque vero jam cogitandum est hoc loco de ^Eschine post 
prirnam demum legationem (de pace) corrupto a Philippo." 
Vom. -api6C)v~j " having disregarded," " taken no notice of 
these preparations" i. e. in consequence of his having done so. 

— u.(j)vXaicTog 2,Tjd>drj~] " may be taken off his guard." — fi^Sevbg ] 
" nihil, non nemo. Cf. § 31, seq. Non posuit ovdevbg propter 
iva" Franke. — av hdti aatpov'] " should he (Philip) give us 
an opportunity." 

19. Traot dedoxdai] " should be decreed by," "resolved upon 
by all." The dat. of the agent is often used thus, instead 
of vn6 with the gen., with the perf. pass. K. § 284. 3. (11). 

— Tcpb 61 tovtuv'] " Quum quinquaginta triremes et quantum 
satis est vectoriarum navium (§ 16) instructas paratasque 
haberi jubeat, ut Philippo, si quam subito expeditionem 
fecerit, occurrere et obsistere possint, tamen ante omnia 
copias (§21) mitti vult, quae in vicinia Macedonia? collects 
(§ 32) regem vexent eaque re domi sua? detineant." Franke. 

— M.rj //of| Understand elnys or leyiro) ng. — rug kiriGToltiiaiovg 
. . . . dvvu.fj.eie'] " those paper-forces." ravrag implies notoriety, 



164 NOTES. (4) 

as in § 17. For its position, see K. § 246, R. 2. By epis- 
tolary forces, the orator means such forces as they were in 
the habit of promising their leaders abroad in letters, but 
never sent. — ukTJ rj . . . . earai] " but which shall be of the 
city" (a city force). The reading rj for y is by conjecture 
of H. Wolf. — ibv 6eiva] See III. § 35, note. 

20. 'Earai .... dvvafucj " but this force shall be what ? " 
See § 10, note. — Metyaei] "shall be willing." There would 
be no want of ability if they were only willing. — naff enacTov 
Tovruv'j " by each one of these," — individually. Used almost 
as an adverb. So II. § 24, and often, diegiuv, then, must 
be taken in a kind of absolute sense, without any definite 
object ("going over the ground," "giving my views"). 
tcad' eva, nad' inacrov, often seem to have the force of a sim- 
ple substantive or pronoun (" each one ") and hence are fol- 
lowed by a gen., which should be either the subject or ob- 
ject of the verb ("going over these individually"). See II. 
§ 24. — Sivovg [ilv Aeyw] " mercenary soldiers, indeed, I 
name," i. e. he meant to include this kind of soldiery in his 
proposed armament, although he had just alluded to them in 
somewhat contemptuous terms. To propose such forces was 
always a popular move among the pleasure-loving Athen- 
ians of the time of Demosthenes. The orator names them 
first, then, in order to conciliate his hearers, and show them 
that, although he had not a very good opinion of such troops 
by themselves, still he did not intend entirely to exclude 
them. But having it in his mind to propose what he knew 
would seem but an insignificant force to the magnificent 
notions of the Athenian legislators, who were famous for 
voting great things and executing nothing (III. § 14), he 
throws in, in a parenthesis, a reason for so doing, and then, 
when he resumes the subject (§ 21, leyu 6fi), proceeds to 
speak of the force as a whole, commencing as though noth- 
ing had been said upon the point before. — vo/xifrvrec~] " while 
considering." K. § 312. 4, a. — rov diovrog^ " what is nee- 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 165 

essary," " what the case requires." — aAAu] This stands 
opposed to onus (iq ; but being separated from that by a long 
intervening parenthetical clause, and influenced by the con- 
struction of that, it assumes the form of direct discourse, and 
hence the imper. TcpoarideTe ; or, perhaps we should consid- 
er b-Kuq as hortatory, depending upon Spurs understood. See 
VIII. 38. 

21. ?£yo <5f/] "I name then," or "I say there should be." 
fy resumes the discourse after a digression or interruption, 
as often. See § 22. — oTparujTag'] "pedites, nam equitibus 
opponuntur. Cf. §§ 28, 33." Franke. For the position of 
nuvTag between this word and the article (" the whole body 
of soldiers"), see K. § 246. 5, (3. — fa ... . tlvoq .... rfkiKia<;~\ 
lit. " from what any age," or " from any age from which." 
The orator proceeds very gently in developing this unpopu- 
lar feature of his plan ; he will be very condescending and 
deferential to the sovereign people in the details, if only he 
may gain the main point. — e/c dtadoxm u2H]lot.g~\ lit. " by way 
of relieving each other," " upon the principle of relieving 
each other," = vicissim, " in turn." For the dat., see I. § 
22, note. — dcaKoalovc'] One tenth the number of the infantry, 
which, according to Vomel, was the usual proportion. These 
accusatives, expressing the different descriptions of the force 
to be raised, are governed by teyu, above. — " Attende vero, 
quanta brevitate et orationis simplicitate orator, in innu- 
merandis iis quae sibi fieri oportere viderentur, usus sit, ut 
celeriter et perspicue auditores omnia quae facienda essent 
animo perciperent." Saupp. — rovg -rce&vg J This is for the 
nom., it being attracted into the case of the subject of the 
principal sentence (cn-pareuo^evovf), as is often the case after 
tioirep, ug, ugte. K. § 342, R. 3. 

22. Elev2 " be it so," " so far, so good." It supposes his 
plan to be assented to thus far. See Plat. Gorg. 466, C. 
Taxelag Tpifjpeig'] " fast-sailing vessels." Opposed to Urnrayuyovg 
and orpanto7 ideg Tpi7]peig, i. e. to transports, whether for cavalry 



166 NOTES. (4) 

or infantry. The purpose for which they were wanted is 
described in what follows. " Duo raillia militum igitur, 
quos Demosthenes vult mitti, non puguaturi sunt nisi in 
terra. Ut naves orpanurideg, quibus vehuntur, tuto navigent, 
naves decern ad certamen navale instructs addenda? sunt." 
Saupp. — dioTt] " why," " wherefore." It here expresses 
the final cause, instead of the reason, which it generally 
expresses, when used causally. In this sense it must be de- 
rived from 6C 6 tl, and not from did, rovro cm. — 7r/?anav77]v~J " so 
small." Thus also roaavrrjv, below. These pronouns express 
the general idea so great, and if the degree of greatness hap- 
pens to be low, they may properly be translated " so small." 
— tovc; oTpa.T£vofihovc~\ The article is used because the citi- 
zens, though not the whole force, were the most important 
part of it, and, indeed, the only soldiers who could be said 
to make an expedition, since the mercenaries were generally 
procured abroad. 

23. tt]v sKeivo) Trapara^ofiivfjv^ " to confront him in battle," 
"to meet him in just battle." Opposed to lyarevetv, below. 
Observe the force of the fut. part. Strictly, these words, 
being connected with the preceding noun by the articles, 
bear an attributive relation to that noun (" the competent-to- 
meet-him force"). See II. §§ 16, 27. — lyoTevuv] "to priva- 
teer," " freeboot it," i. e. to carry on a vexatious petty war- 
fare, depending upon plunder, rather than regular pay, for 
their support. See De Coron. § 145. — r?> irp&Triv] See 
III. § 2. — nporepSv'] " Id est 01. 96. 3. De re cf. Schneid. 
ad Xen. Hellen. IV. 4, 14." Franke. — aKovo'] For the 
pres. see III. § 21. Hence the infin. pres. following, refer- 
ring to past events (rpedeiv), or, perhaps, because the identity 
of the state continues from age to age, and hence that an ac- 
tion of a former generation might be attributed to the pres- 
ent generation, as in III. § 20. See note 1. c. 

24. naff avru] " by themselves," "alone." — vylv arpaTeverai^ 
"make expeditions for you," "serve in the field for you." 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 167 

— olfffyepoi] "Maxime Phillippus, praeterea Thebani, Chii, 
Rhodii, Coi, Byzantini, allii." Franke. The Athenians', 
besides their war with Philip, were in the midst of the Social 
War. See De Coron. § 17, note. — veifrvs tov diovrog'] lit. 
"greater than is required," "too great for convenience." 
An Attic euphemism, used to avoid expressing the true 
character of something very disagreeable or undesirable, 
just as we, in a similar case, sometimes say, worse than 
could have been desired, too plentiful for convenience, etc. 

— TrapaKvfavra] lit. "taking a side-glance at," hence, "neg- 
ligently attending to," "neglecting." It refers to fm/ctf, 
alluding particularly to Chares, who, a few years before, 
had left the service to which he was appointed, on an ad- 
venture to the East, as here mentioned. See II. § 28. 

■Kavraxof] "every whither," "to every place." Used in- 
stead of navraxov with verbs of motion. — iiallov~\ " rather," 
" in preference," i. e. rather than where they were sent. — 
uK.olov6ei~\ That is, his mercenary troops. That he might 
not seem to reflect upon the generals, the orator represents 
them merely as following where the unruly mercenaries 
led. — ov yap ... . fua06v~\ An important maxim in military 
affairs. 

25. Tug Tzpo^doELg'] "the pretexts." See II. § 27. — h-Kortrag] 
" overseers," " witnesses." — t&v aTparjiyovfievuv^ " of the events 
or conduct of the campaign." See § 47. — Elpi/vTjv ayetej 
" are you in a state of peace ? " We have here a passage 
of great keenness and spirit : — " They knew there was war, 
and made all the necessary arrangements for war, and yet 
did nothing." The war referred to was for the recovery 
of Amphipolis, which was never formally declared, and 
prosecuted but feebly. 

26. Ovk kxupoTovelre] The orator here resumes the dis- 
course himself, after the supposed dialogue. The Athenians 
were in the habit of choosing ten generals (oTpaniyovg) an- 
nually, one from each tribe, who shared among them the 



1G8 NOTES. (4) 

chief command of the army and management of military af- 
fair?. Also, ten taxiarchs, under the generals, each of whom 
led the infantry of his tribe in war ; then two hipparchs, who 
led the cavalry, and under these ten phylarchs, one for the 
cavalry of each tribe. It is worthy of remark, that, in nam- 
ing these officers, the lower officer is mentioned before the 
higher, just as we say captains and generals, and not the re- 
verse. For a fuller explanation of the duties of these offi- 
cers, see the words in Smyth's Diet. Antiq. — w av enTre^Te^ 
"whom you may have despatched." This is a relative 
clause, the principal clause being implied in nk^v evbc uv5pog. 
Thus, " only one general goes to the war, whomsoever you 
may have despatched," i. e. " if you have despatched one, 
he goes to the war " (see K. § 333. 3). It is merely a sup- 
posed case (see § 28), but one which was liable to take 
place at any time, on being required, and may have taken 
place in the present instance. Perhaps they had voted to 
send out some particular general, or that only one of the ten 
was generally expected to go. See De Coron. § 38, note. 
— ol Iol-oI . . . . lepoTiOLuv^ "the rest conduct the processions 
for you in conjunction with the masters of sacrifices." The 
generals and subordinate military leaders seem to have 
acted as marshals on these occasions, and to have exercised 
their skill in ordering, arranging, and conducting the proces- 
sions at the numerous festivals at Athens, so as to give 
greater eclat to these popular entertainments. In this way 
they pleased the people, who, in consequence, readily ex- 
cused them from severer service. — rovg ttt/TiIvov^ " those 
earthen ones," i. e. those images of the taxiarchs, etc., pre- 
pared by the KoponTMarat (see Becker's Charicles, pp. 182, 
183), and seen exposed for sale about the agora. Now, just 
as the potters made these for the aogra, so, he goes on to 
say, they made their military leaders for the agora, — for 
parading processions there, and not for the war. 

27. Trap' lyzwv] " by means of you." Expresses the author 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 169 

after apxovrar, which is intrans., and hence admits the same 
construction, in this Tespect, as the pass, ("holding their 
office through you"). — Wlp] "that it might be." The 
orator is speaking of what ought to have been, but was not. 
It was proper, in choosing their military leaders, to appoint 
citizens, that the force might be truly a city force ; but this 
purpose of the appointment had been defeated by their 
remaining at Athens, exhibiting shows, etc. In such a case, 
that is, to express a purpose contrary to fact, the Greek uses 
Iva or &c with the indie, of a historical tense (" was it not 
proper that the leaders should be citizens, that the force 

were [might be] most truly of the city?"). K. § 330. 5. 

dg f&v Ar][ivov~] That is, to conduct the procession thither, 
which is supposed to have been sent out from Athens every 
year. The citizen hipparch, the orator goes on to say, must 
be sent to conduct this, while a foreigner (Menelaus) led 
those who defended their possessions abroad. This is said, 
of course, in sarcasm. — ibv avdpa] That is, Menelaus. Noth- 
ing certain is known of this Menelaus, beyond what is here 
said of him, though Harpocration says he was the son of 
Amyntas, the brother of Philip. He seems to have been a 
mercenary leader of that time of some notoriety, and perhaps 
served in the recent expedition to Thermopylae, in which 
the Athenians foiled Philip in his attempt to force that pass. 
— ogtlq uv $] Pres. subj. after an imperf., because stating a 
general principle. 

28. 6r] . . . . Tolvw'j The one resumptive and the other tran- 
sitional See § 22 ; I. § 25. — Xp^ara irpdg] "money 

then, — there is indeed the support, i. e. ration money for 
this force, ninety talents and a little more." This was the 
usual allowance for a force of this size. (See Boeckh. 
p. 273.) Xprjiiaia merely introduces the general subject to 
be spoken of. (iev is responded to by <K (El Si). It will be 
seen that he proposes to provide only for the bare support 
of the .troops, leaving them to obtain their pay from the 

15 



170 NOTES. (4) 

enemy; just as lately we heard that a large part of the ex- 
penses of our army in Mexico might be supplied by levying 
upon the inhabitants, etc. The details of his scheme of 
payment are well presented in a note upon the passage by 
Yomel, thus: — "20 minae per mensem X 12 menses = 
240 X 10 naves = 2,400 minse, sive 40 talenta ; porro 10 
drachma? per mensem X 2,000 pedites = 20,000 drachmas 
X 12 menses = 240,000 drachmas, sive 40 talenta; denique 
30 drachmas per mensem X 200 equites = 6,000 drachma? 
X 12 menses = 72,000 drachmas, sive 12 talenta. Peditem 
igitur per diem accipere jubet Demosthenes 2 obolos, equi- 
tem 1 drachmam, quod minimum erat." — nal funpov -i 7rp6f] 
lit. " and a little something more," = and a little more, -npog 
is used as an adverb, as several of the prepositions are occa- 
sionally, even in Attic writers, and especially in connection 
with ye, 6e. K. § 300. 1, examples. The whole sum, it will 
be seen, is ninety-two talents. The estimate is evidently for 
a year, though this is not expressly mentioned. 

29. aoop(ir]v~\ "means," "pay." — cLr-npeaov'^ "ration-mon- 
ey," not " the ration-money." Hence without the article. 
— tovt' av y£v7]TaL~] " if this shall be," " if it can only have 
this," i. e. if the soldier can only be sure of his ration-money. 
The subj. always has a future meaning in Greek, especially 
with kav and av (K. § 339, R. 2). The aor. is used here of 
an independent momentary action, instead of the present, 
which would represent the action as continued. Hence it is 
accompanied by the future in the principal sentence. K. 339. 
II. b. — exy~\ " shall have themselves," " shall be." Fut. in 
sense ; see above. — noPOT AIIOAEI3I2] " Talentis 92 opus 
fore dixit, quas uti probabile est, populus conquiri jussit a 
quasstoribus, qui ratione inita exposuerunt, unde ea pecunia 
petenda esset. Catalogus autem de scripto, ut apparet, 
recitatus hie prastermissus est, ut et leges et decreta et tes- 
timonia et alia scripta complura." Wolf. 

30. dedwijueda evpelv~\ " have been able to discover," i. e. 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 171 

by a report or expose (as Wolf supposes, in the above note), 
obtained by Demosthenes from the proper financial officers 
(xo(uoTai), of the means at the command of the government. 

— emxeipoTov^re rug yvuuac] " may vote upon the resolutions 
or bills," i. e. the different bills or plans for conducting the 
war which would be proposed by different orators. Observe, 
the force of em in composition, by comparing the compound 
with the simple verb immediately following. — x £l P 0T0V vo £T£ ~\ 
" you will vote, I am sure." Instead of the imperat. but 
much milder (K. § 225. 4). He wished them to adopt the 
measures which pleased them, because they would be more 
likely to carry them out, and this was the main thing. — 
k-KLGTolaif^ See § 19, note. 

31. Aon£iTe~] For the construction here, see I. § 10. — rbv 
tottov] " the locality," " situation." — ra itoAAa .... dtawparreTai] 
"the greater part taken unexpectedly (or by anticipating 
you) he accomplishes," i. e. taking advantage of the winds 
and seasons in anticipating the Athenians in any enterprises 
which they were deliberating upon, he had accomplished 
the greater part of what he had accomplished. See II. § 9, 
Vomel's note. — 'Errjaiac , venti anniversarii, plerumque 
dicuntur ii, qui diebus canicularibus ab occasu solstitial! 
flare solent et septentriones versus navigaturis mare in- 
festum reddunt." Saupp. — yxi Scvaifieda] (iij is used instead 
of ov, because it is the view of Philip. 

32. fioridriaig'] " auxiliary forces," " temporary forces." — 
vGTepcovfiev'j " we shall fail of." — ^a/za&'y] " as a winter sta- 
tion." — ry Swufcei^ " fop the force." Dat. of advantage. 
See I. § 22. — tottw] " regione sive tractu. XX. 60. rbv 
tcepl QpaKTjv tokov." Franke. That is, in the vicinity of 
Thrace and Macedonia. For to-kov in this sense, see § 4. 

— ttjv 6' &pav rov hove'] " while (&) in the season of the year." 
This sentence is closely connected with the preceding, as is 
indicated by the 6e corresponding to the fciv in that, upav 
expresses the time without a preposition. — Trpof] With dat. 



172 NOTES. (4) 

denoting rest at or before, hence " near." — yeveadai^ Aor., 
and hence denoting the action as independent and momen- 
tary, " to have been," i. e. " to approach," but not " to be," 
" to remain"; this would require the pres. — to tuv TrvevfiuTov^ 
" the power of the winds," " the winds." — fiadiug earai^ Un- 
derstand tj tivvafiLg (" while at the season of the year when the 
approach to the land is easy, and the wind is right, it shall 
easily be on the very borders of the country and at the 
mouths of the emporiums "). This seems to me to be the 
true interpretation of this difficult passage, which is substan- 
stantially that of Franke. 

33. n A iilv obv~] " for what then." Ace. of aim. K. § 278. 
4. — napa .... fiovAevGsraL^ " the one established by you over 
these affairs (the general) according to the occasion will de- 
termine." For this use of -aapd, see II. § 22. — ysypa^a^ That 
is, in the decree, suppose, the passage of which he was en- 
deavoring to procure. — a Aiyw] " which I speak of," i. e. the 
ninety-two talents mentioned in § 28. Observe the order of 
the words in this sentence. — hrelff\ " entire," " as a whole." 

— KaTaKMaTjTE^ " shall bind." The apodosis commences at 
navced'. For the use of the aor. subj. here and in the pre- 
ceding sentence, in a fut. sense, see § 29. — rbv Tubyov] " Ra- 
tiones, quas imperator munere suo defunctus reddere debet." 
Franke. 

34. *E<m 6' obrog rig{] See § 10. — 'A™] "from," "by 
means obtained from." — dyuv ml Qspov'] lit. " driving and 
bearing." The first referring, originally, to that kind of 
plundering which consisted in driving off cattle, and the 
second to that which consisted in carrying off things without 
life. But by use it became a phrase applied to all sorts of 
plundering. See De Coron. § 230, note. Most of the allies 
of the Athenians were islanders, and engaged in commerce. 

— 'E7T£i-a] Expressing the second point after Trptirov fiev. — 
Tov TraaxEcv .... yevvoeode'] " you yourselves will be out of 
danger of suffering indignity." — ov% tionep .... xpbvov2 The 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 173 

demonstrative clause, corresponding to this clause, is not ex- 
pressed, except in a general way by the verb of the pre- 
ceding clause. The same verbs which here stand in a 
past tense must be supposed to be repeated in the fut. (viz. 
oixvcerat ex uv , e/defa, also, uTrojSf/oerat below). The time here 
referred to was 01. 10G. 2. — TepaioTu] " Promontorium 
Euboere, ubi templum Neptuni celebre erat." Riid. — 
t?> kpuv .... Tpiijp7]~\ That is, one of the two sacred galleys, 
kept by the Athenians for making the annual theoric pro- 
cession to the island of Delos, in honor of Apollo. As this 
service was required but once a year, these galleys were 
often employed in some of the more honorable and less 
hazardous duties of war; as in carrying out or bringing 
home generals, ambassadors, etc. — (f>x £lT ' &X UV ~\ See K. § 
310. 4, 1. — ifislg d'] "but you," or "whereas you," i. e. as 
they were at the time of his speaking, and hence the pres. 
(tivvaade) . — elg roi)g xpovovg .... (3o7]detv^ " to bring aid at the 
times which you have appointed." For elg with ace, instead 
of ev with dat, after. (Sorjdelv, see I. § 18. 

35. Uavadrjvaluv .... Acovvo-cuv^ These were great national 
festivals at Athens, held at stated times. For an account of 
them, see Smyth's Diet. Antiq. — xp6vov~] Gen. of the time 
within tvhich any thing takes place. K. § 273. 4, b. — 
uv re . . . . av re] " whether .... or." Coordinate disjunctive 
particles, taking the subj. (K. § 323. 1). Translate the two 
clauses, " whether those skilled in these matters may have 
obtained the management of them, or those superintending 
each of them be unacquainted with the business." — ox^ov^ 
Governed by £x £C , which has for its nom. a, to be supplied 
from elg a. " ox?mv de choreutis, tibicinibus, choregis, gymna- 
siarchis, omnibus iis qui ad varia certamina prodirent vel 
pompas ducerent, intelligendum est. Tzapaonevr) vasa pretios- 
issima, vestitum, exercitationum varia genera alia complec- 
titur." Saupp. — ri rtiv cnravTuv'j " any of all things," i. e. 
he knew of nothing which drew together such crowds of 
15* 



174 NOTES. (4) 

people. — Medifoyv'] The expeditions to this place and to 
Pagasce were undertaken 01. 106. 4, and that to Potidoea, 
01. 105. 3. 

36. ex 7To?JiOv^ "from a long time," "for a long time." 
See § 1, note. — xopvyog] A person appointed by each tribe, 
in order to prepare and defray the expense of all choruses 
at the scenic and musical exhibitions during the term of his 
appointment. — jvfivaalapxog'] " superintendent of the gym- 
nasia." This officer was appointed in the same way as the 
above, and performed very much the same service in the 
superintendence and management of the gymnastic exer- 
cises, as he did in the scenic and musical entertainments. 
Both services belonged to what were called the regular 
liturgies, or public duties performed in turn by the rich or 
ambitious, without charge to the state. — napa rov . . . . icomv^ 
" from whom and what receiving what is necessary for him 
to do." " Graecis non solum liberas enunciationes, sed etiam 
aliunde pendentes, i. e. finales, temporales, conditionales et 
relativas interrogative efficere licet." Kriig. See § 3. — 
fifie?i,7]Taf\ " has been neglected." The employment of this 
verb instead of MhenrTai shows that ave^eraarov and aopLGTOV 
are used in a predicative sense (" so as to be unexamined 
and unsettled"). — Toiyapovv^ "for this very reason, then." 
A compound deductive particle, embracing three deductive 
words. K. § 324. 3, c. — ck^Koa/^] Nearly in a present 
sense, but better adapted to express, in connection with the 
following presents, the rapidity of action, the crowding to- 
gether of things, which is here intended ("we have no 
sooner heard of any loss than we appoint trierarchs," etc.) 
— avTidoaetf^ " actions for an exchange of property." Any 
one who had been appointed trierarch might call upon any 
person passed by, whom he supposed to possess more prop- 
erty than himself, either to take his place or exchange prop- 
erty with him. The investigation of the case before the 
courts was called dvndoacg. ■ — hpaivetv'] " to embark," i. e. 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 175 

for the war. The verbs must be understood with each of 
the ace. which follow. — fisroiKovg'J " metics" i. e. foreign- 
ers resident at Athens. — edo£e] Aor. to express a single 
independent act ("it has pleased you," i. e. "you decree"). 

— rovg x u pie oiKovvrag^ " Sc. ruv vrpdr/v deoTroruv a7re?ievdepovg, 

libertinos, qui relicta patroni familia suum ipsi negotium 
gerunt." Wolf. — airovg avre^L^uv~\ " to substitute them- 
selves," " to go themselves." But the common reading is 
avrovg -Kakiv (sc. e[i[3aivetv^ elr' avreiij3i(3d^eiv. — hv bao~\ " while." 

— liellerai] See § 9. — to If 6] " that for which," i. e. some 
place or some object of public interest. FoV this use of t6 } 
as demonstrative, see K. § 247. 3, c. 

_ 37. fcivovaij " wait for." — elpoveiav'j See § 7, note. — 
ibv nsra^v %p6vov~^ " in the intervening time," i. e. while a 
larger force is collected. — olai te] See II. § 17, note. — 
e7r' avrcov Tcjv Kacpuv'j " at the favorable junctures themselves," 
i. e. they had been proved to be unable to avail themselves 
promptly of favorable opportunities, e?r' seems to be used 
here very much as in the phrase en' tfwv. See III. § 2, 
note. — roiavrag'j That is, such as the one which he was 
about to read. But some editions have EIII2TOAAI, above. 
" 6 GKOirbg rfjg eTUcroTJjg hartv ovrog' 6 $i?U7TKog eireoTEtTiEv Fjv(3osv<jiv 
cv/ifiovXevuv fj.rj delv Ekrri&LV elg tt/v 'Adrjvaiuv ovfifiaxiccv, on ovdk avrovg 
dvvavrai ou&tv." Schol. 

38. &g ova eSei'] " as they ought not to be," i. e. it was a 
shame that such things could be said of them with truth. 
This is a parenthetical clause, and hence the following ad- 
versative particles (ov firjv all', for which see I. § 4) do not 
refer to it, but to al^n eon. — vrrepBy rti loyu] " may pass over 
in word." Referring to the unwelcome truths in the letter 
just read, which, that they might not offend (tva $ Xwr/or)), 
might have been omitted. — ia irpayfiara vtrep^Tjaerat] " the 
things themselves (the realities) shall pass away," i. e. the 
disagreeable or disgraceful things supposed to be described. 

— hv ?} pri 7rpoo7iKovca] " if it be not appropriate or fitting," i. e. 



176 NOTES. (4) 

the agreeableness of the words used by an orator, the cau- 
tious, mealy-mouthed style of addressing the people, which 
he is here inveighing against. — &pa] " loss," "injury." — 
Qevcud&iv'] " to deceive," " humbug." — avapallofievovs] " put- 
ting off," " winking out of sight." 

39. oi'K uico?,ovddv rolg Trpuyfiaoiv^ " not to follow affairs," 

i. e. not to make temporary provisions from time to time, 
as suggested by one unfortunate event and another, but to 
make preparations for the future, so as to be able to take 
advantage of favorable opportunities and circumstances. 
An important military precept, undoubtedly, and applicable 
to other than military affairs. — ng uv] For the position of 
av here, after ng, see I. § 14, note ; also, Philip. II. § 37. 
— row TrpayfiaTuv^ Understand vyeloQau — zKELvoif^ Used in- 
stead of avrolg, in order to form a stronger contrast with 
ovfj.j3uvTa. 

40. elg deov rf] See § 14. — ovdev 6' a-Kole'mETE, k. t. A.] 
"Nihil reliquum facitis, quin ut barbari luctan- 
tur, sic cum Philippo bellum geratis. Cf. Plat. Phred., 
p. 69, D ; uv 6rj ml eyuye . ... ovdev a.Tre?iiirov . . . . yevEGdat." 
Saupp. — oi fiapfiapotj Originally barbarian, or other than 
Greek ; but afterwards the word acquired a meaning gen- 
eralized from this, viz. ignorant, rude, unskilful. It is thus 
used here, — those unacquainted with boxing. This illus- 
tration of the tardy, patchwork policy of the Athenians, in 
carrying on their wars with Philip, from the unskilful and 
ludicrous movements of a raw hand in protecting himself 
from the blows of an expert boxer, is so ingenious, and at 
the same time so apt, that it seems to illuminate the whole 
subject, and render all further explanation or argument un- 
necessary. It has not only been admired by scholars, but, 
drawn forth from its concealment and applied to other sub- 
jects by some popular orator, has not unfrequently been 
made to tell with great effect upon modern audiences. We 
find it in the mouths of some of the fiery orators of the 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 177 

French Revolution, and Camille Desmoulins thus uses it to 
stir up the people to protect their rights : — " Foolish peo- 
ple ! The Parisians are like those Athenians to whom De- 
mosthenes said, ' Shall you always resemble those athletes, 
who, struck in one place, cover it with their hand,. — struck 
in another, place their hand there ; and thus always occu- 
pied with the blows they receive, do not know how to strike 
or defend themselves ?'" Hist. Girondists, Vol. I. p. 119. — 
TTjg izlrjyrjg exerat] " holds on to the wound," i. e. brings his 
hands up to the part of the body struck. — irarat-ys'] The 
second person indefinite, " if you strike," " if one strike." — 
npofiuXkeoOai .... evavnov~] " but to extend the hands to fend 
off, and look his antagonist in the eye." This is as one ac- 
quainted with boxing would do. 

41. uvcj /caro] " up and down," i. e. hither and thither, 
without any order, wherever the prospect of success called 
him. See II. § 16. — vrpd] "Videtur ab eo displicuisse quas 
sequuntur : nplv .... nvdrjade^ sed soepissime similem epex- 
egesin addi non est quod exemplis demonstremus. Cf. Orat. 
V. 2." Saupp. — kvTjv'\ "were possible." — eyx^pel~\ That is, 
ravra ("that they no longer admit it"). On the personal use 
of verbs, generally impersonal, see Funkhanel, Quaest. Dem. 
pp. 30, 31. 

42. umxpr/v .... <5oksI~] " it seems to me that these things 
would have satisfied some of you." av belongs to the infin. 
a-rtoxprjv, and gives it an optative meaning. See § 13. — 
u^rjKoreg av fyuv'] "should have incurred." — eKKaleaaid''] "might 
call out," " arouse." 

43. nepl .... vnep'] A good illustration of the difference 
between these prepositions. With irepi the object appears as 
passive, as with de ("concerning," "about"), while with 
imp it appears as the cause or ground of the accompanying 
action ("for the sake of," "out of regard to," "in defence 
of," etc.). See I. § 5.— a^aerdt'] " Ne quis enim speret 
ilium iis quse circa Macedonian! sunt expugnatis finem im- 



178 NOTES. (4) 

positurum esse bello ; certum est nos ipsos petitum iri." 
Saupp. — Eira] Expresses indignation. See I. § 24. — i&vug] 
" i. e. irolauKTJG 6vvdjj.tug icevag. Cf. III. 0." Franke. — rrapu rov 
6elvof\ That is, of some popular orator, who encouraged 
them to think that Philip could be conquered by a very 
small force. See § 45. — «h>] This particle generally stands 
at the first of the sentence, but occasionally after several 
words, immediately before its verb. See § 29 ; also, iEsch. 

I. 17. 

44. fiipei yi tlvl] " as some part at least." — Upero nf] 
" some one asked," i. e. I seemed to hear one say. — Evpf/aa 

rd cadpaj See II. § 21. — ?iOi6opovftevcjv .... aiTiufj.ivuv'j See 

II. § 25, note. — ovSettot' ovdev .... SeovTov^ " be assured,"(strict- 
ly, "never fear")"that nothing desirable will ever be to 
you." Observe the extraordinary accumulation of nega- 
tives, ov (iri (the first of which has been rejected from the 
text by some editors) are explained by supposing a verb of 
fearing to be understood between them. See Jelf 's K. § 
748. 2, a. 

45. fiipog n rfjg 7ro?iwf] That is, as citizen soldiers. See § 
44. — rovg rotovTovq uxoot6?mvs'^ In the ace. after diet, as though 
it were a verb. K. § 279. 5. 

46. eva avdpa] That is, simply a leader, without citizen 
soldiers with him. — Trore] " ever." — vrroaxeadat^ " Pollicita- 
tionum vanitate non unus, sed maxime insignis fuit Chares. 
Zenob. 2. 13 : al Xap?;rof vTrooxeoeLq." Saupp. — e/c tovtuv'J "by 
these means." — ddliov uTroij-icdov ££vwv] " wretched mercena- 
ries without pay." cmo/iLodoL means often (Dem. Contr. Aris- 
tocr. § 154) "paid off," "discharged," emeriti, but cannot 
have that meaning here. — virep'] Much like nepc, but used, 
perhaps, because he is speaking of the readiness with which 
certain enemies which a general might have at Athens, 
would lie against him (out of regard to the evil which he 
had done, rather than out of regard to him). See § 43 ; 
also I. 5. — rl naT\ "what also," "what under these circiun- 



(4) PHILIPPIC I. 170 

stances." The Greek often uses a copulative where Ave 
should not. See § 8. 

47. els rovff .... aiaxvvrji] See II. § 8. — rm gtj>, 
iicaaroc, a. r. a.] "Duces, qui quidem non semel accusati et 
damnati sint, plures cognovimus, ut hac ipsa a^tatc Iphicra- 
tem et Timotheum a Charete accusatos. Illi vero pugnam 
cum hoste ineundam neutiquam detrectabant. Itaque Chare- 
tern et non semel accusatum et absolutum et helium justum 
fugientem ejusque similes hie significare putamus." Vom. — 
txOpovg~\ " Raro pro iroM/zcoc dicitur." Kriig. — tov Tcpoof/KovTog~] 
Understand davarov ("the death which becomes them"). 

48. Trepuovreg'] See § 10, note. — //era] "in conjunction 
with." The Thebans were envied and hated, both by the 
Athenians and the Lacedaemonians, on account of the great 
military preeminence which they had enjoyed since the 
battle of Leuctra (see De Coron. § 18, note). The pros- 
pect of their destruction, then, even by Philip, must have 
been a matter of interest to the Athenians, especially as it 
promised to give him occupation for some time. — Ttolirdai\ 
See I. § 5. — dtaairdv'] " to tear asunder," " annihilate," i. e. 
in order to establish in their place either monarchical or 
oligarchical governments. — old' ... . ol 6l~\ The proper pred- 
icate is not expressed. The orator breaks off suddenly 
at last, and changes the construction. But the predicate is 
contained in nTiarrovTEg .... Treptepxofxeda. — "koyovg kauttovtzq 
EKaarog] " forging account, each for himself." See De Coron. 
§121. 

49. loiavra] That is, such as before described. — bveipo- 
tto1eIv~\ " to dream." " noivbv yap ecu rtiv fisdvovTOV to oveipoiroheiv." 
Hermog. — ttjv ■? ep^fiiav'] See III. § 27. — ov fiivrot .... 

pa Ai'] Understand olfiau — vote .... elSivaL] " Philippi erat 
consilia callidissime tegere et dissimilare, ut saepe prius per- 
fect, esse quam inita viderentur." Saupp. — Aoyo7ro«wvre?] 
" news-mongers." 

50. ekeIvo] Refers to what follows. See II. § 24, note. — 



180 NOTES. (4) 

(mooTepef\ "is depriving," "keeps depriving." A common 
meaning of the pres. — nva] " Ut Charidemum Oritam, is 
enim, qui Atheniensibus se favere simulabat magnasque 
spes Chersonesi recuperandae excitaverat, Philippo fidem 
obtulit 01. 106. 4." Vom. — evprjrat] Understand rrpa^ag. — 
hi] " Id est. penes. Vide Matth., § 577. 6." Franke. — 
nal ru deovra, k. r. l.~\ " we shall both know what should be 
done and be freed from vain accounts." This forms the 
apodosis or conclusion of the sentence occupying all the pre- 
ceding part of the section. For the periphrastic form, see I. 
§§ 7, 14, etc. — arret, nor' ecraC] " what possibly will be," i. e. 
what possibly might happen in the future. Referring to the 
surmises and predictions of the news-mongers as to what 
would probably occur. 

51. 'Eyco fiev'] " Tacite opponit alios oratores. Yid. ad III. 
8." Franke. — ovr' .... re] Connecting a negative and a 
positive clause. See Jelf 's K. § 775. 3, a. — viroo-reilaftevog'] 
See I. § 16, note. — 'EjSou/lo^v] See I. § 15. — ovvoioov~\ Fut. 
part., agreeing with rb ru, (IDaLora eIizeIv, understood, and com- 
pleting the verbal idea of elSevai, taken in the sense to know 
(and not to know how). K. § 311. 2. The orator fears 
danger to himself for speaking freely what he deemed for 
the public good. See I. § 16; III. § 32, et alias. — &r'] 
" upon condition " (" even upon condition of what shall hap- 
pen to me on this account being unknown"). Or, for con- 
venience' sake, it may be rendered here " although," and 
the other words to correspond. — em~] " in consequence." A 
slight modification of its meaning in the preceding case. t<3, 
following it, belongs to mTreladtu (" in consequence of having 
become persuaded that these things will benefit you," etc.). 
— Ni/co^] Opt. expressing a wish. See II. § 36. 



(8) ON THE CIIERRONESUS. 181 



ON THE CIIERRONESUS. 

The Thracian Cherronesus was an ancient possession 
of the Athenians, but, after the Peloponnesian war, fell 
for a time under the protection of Sparta, and afterwards 
under that of the king of Thrace. The Athenians had re- 
cently recovered it, and in order to make the possession 
more sure, had sent out Diopithes with a company of Athe- 
nian settlers. They were kindly received and permitted to 
make settlements by all but the Cardians. These Diopithes 
raised a force to subdue, and, in consequence of their being 
aided by Philip, proceeded even, during his absence in the 
interior of Thrace, to ravage his possessions on the coast. 
Philip sent a letter to Athens complaining of these injuries, 
which was the signal for the orators of his party to assail 
Diopithes, and demand his recall and the disbanding of his 
army. It was in reply to such a demand that Demosthenes 
delivered this oration (B. C. 342), in which he attempts to 
show that the most urgent question for their consideration 
at the present time was, not the conduct of Diopithes, but 
how they should protect themselves against the dangers with 
which they were threatened by the restless ambition of 
Philip. The course of thought is something as follows : — 

1. That an impartial view of the subject before them, and 
a regard for the interests of the country, would lead him to 
dwell upon an aspect of the question which had been studi- 
ously kept out of sight by most of the speakers who had 
preceded him, — the dangerous attitude of Philip towards 
the city ; since this was much more important, and required 
much more immediate attention, than the conduct of Dio- 
pithes. § 1-3. 

2. That what had been said about keeping the peace with 
Philip was to no purpose, since Philip himself had so gross- 

16 



182 NOTES. (8) 

ly violated the peace as to leave them no choice whether to 
resist him or not, unless they were prepared to say that he 
could not violate the peace if he did not invade Attica it- 
self. 4-8. 

3. It was improper, then, to demand the recall of Dio- 
pithes and the disbanding of his army, of however desperate 
a character, unless they at the same time showed that Philip 
would disband his forces ; sinceit would only be giving him 
an opportunity of doing what he had often done before, seiz- 
ing upon their possessions when they had no force in the 
field to protect them. 9-12. 

4. That this complaint about Diopithes by Philip and his 
favorers was a mere pretext to get the Athenian force out 
of the field, that he might take possession of Byzantium, in 
the vicinity of which he was then collecting a large force, 
and then descend upon the Cherronesus itself, or some other 
possessions of the city. 13-18. 

5. Could any thing be more unwise, then, than the at- 
tempt which had been made to excite the public indignation, 
at this critical time, against Diopithes, and thus procure the 
disbanding of the only force which they could avail them- 
selves of for protection? 19, 20. 

6. And yet that they were doing nothing to encourage 
and sustain him, but only slandered and suspected him, till it 
seemed almost useless to attempt to arouse them to a proper 
sense of their duty in the case. 21-23. 

7. That Diopithes, in levying upon the enemy and the 
allies for contributions to support his army, had done no 
more than all generals were in the habit of doing, as it was 
the only way to provide for the support of their soldiers 
abroad. Hence, that nothing could be more pernicious than 
the course of crimination and suspicion which the opposite 
faction had pursued towards Diopithes, except it were that 
disposition in the people themselves, which had been fos- 
tered by these same orators, to be savage towards their own 



(8) ON THE CTIERRONESUS. 183 

general?, but mild and timid towards the enemies of the 
State, till their quiet submission to the encroachment of 
Philip had become matter of astonishment to all the 
Greeks. 24-37. 

8. That, if he were asked what he proposed should be 
done, he would answer in general, any thing rather than 
what they were then doing; but more particularly, that, hav- 
ing settled it in their minds that Philip was their determined 
enemy, especially of their democratic institutions, and hence 
that, wherever they met him, it was in their own defence, 
even if it were in Thrace (where his ultimate designs most 
unquestionably were upon Athenian possessions), they 
should arouse themselves from their inactivity, raise funds 
for the support of a standing army in the field, and make 
all the necessary arrangements for making this force ef- 
fective. 38-47. 

9. That if this should seem to any to require great ex- 
penditures and much exertion, they should consider what 
would be the consequences if they did not do it, and whether 
any thing would ever be likely to occur better calculated to 
arouse them to their duty, till they felt the blows and scorn 
of slavery. 48-51. 

10. So, also, those who advocated peace on account of 
the hardships of war and the danger of peculation, should 
think rather of the hardships which would folio w if they 
now sacrificed their safety to ease, and of the wholesale 
peculation which Philip was carrying on upon Grecian in- 
terests, and especially their own. 52-55. 

11. That, obvious as it was that Philip was making war 
upon them, none of his partisans would allow it, but accused 
those who advised resistance to his encroachments, of design- 
ing to make war, in order to turn against them the indigna- 
tion occasioned by any unfavorable event in the war, and 
thus keep the people from opposing Philip, as well as from 
inquiring into their conduct. And that if they waited for 



184 NOTES. (8) 

Philip himself openly to declare war, they would wait till 
they were destroyed. 56-60. 

12. That their first duty was to hate and destroy these 
traitors, since, as long as Philip was sure of their coopera- 
tion at Athens, he would go on boldly from one aggression 
to another, as he had done hitherto. 61-67. 

13. That although he did not pretend nor desire to have 
the impudent daring possessed by these traitors, he claimed 
to have much more real courage, since the proposing of what 
he deemed the best measures, instead of the most agreeable, 
for the time being, not only rendered his services far more 
useful, but required also much more courage than to arraign 
eminent citizens before a public which would rejoice in their 
downfall. 68-72. 

14. Neither was it any thing against him that he merely 
laid before the people plans of action, without carrying them 
out personally, since the orator was only responsible for 
good counsels ; the people should execute them. 73-75. 

15. The sum of what he had said, then, was, that they 
should raise funds, keep an army constantly in the field, cor- 
recting and guarding against all abuses connected with it, 
send ambassadors in all directions to secure cooperation, 
and especially punish and despise the traitors, that the 
wholesome counsels of good men might be better appre- 
ciated. If they did thus, perhaps they might still recover 
themselves. 76, 77. 

§ 1. /j-fjre TTpdg exdpav .... fxTjre Trpof x"-P LV ~] The exordium is 
of the conciliatory kind, and hence aims to prepare the 
minds of the people for a favorable hearing. To effect this, 
the orator represents himself as free from personal feel- 
ing in what he is about to say, and influenced only by the 
public good and what seemed to require immediate attention. 

— f&Jusg re Kai~\ See I. § 5. — ^uvid^Tror' alrla'j " Quamvis 

aliam ob causam, quam qua? virum bonum patriaeque aman- 



(8) ON THE CHERRONESUS. 135 

tern decet." Franke. For this use of Swore in connection 
with relative words, implying something improper, and cast- 
ing suspicion upon the manner or motive of an action, see 
III. § 7; also, De Coron. §§ 21, 261. — rovg nollovg"] "the 
many," i. e. " the people." In apposition with ifiag. See III. 
§ 30. — a<t>el6vTag~^ " having set aside." 

2. cnovd?j~] " interest," " stress of the question." The sub- 
ject for their deliberation was twofold; having reference 
partly to the proceedings of Diopithes in the Cherronesus, 
and partly to the expedition of Philip into Thrace. Most 
of the orators, he goes on to say, had dwelt chiefly upon the 
former topic, but he should speak principally of the latter, 
since it seemed to require much more immediate attention. 
— ai.TiaTai"] The ace. baa is the attributive of the cognate 
idea ("what accusations") , instead of the gen. See K. §§ 
278. 2, and 274. 2 ; C. § 53. R. 10. — ef hylv karlv~\ " it is in 
your power." For this use of em, see § 55. Diopithes was 
an Athenian subject, and hence might be punished for his 
misdeeds at any convenient time ; but the aggressions of 
Philip required immediate attention. — kuv . . . . eyxcopelv'] 
" that it is permitted you at once, if it seems best, and de- 
laying, if it seems best, to consider upon them." The ad- 
verbial idea opposed to i'/dv, i. e. leisurely, is expressed by the 
part, in the dat. (emaxovci, " while delaying," " at your lei- 
sure"). 

3. dwufiei] Dat. of accompaniment. K. § 283. 2, b. — 
■npolafielv'] See IV. § 31, note. — 'Kept tovtcjv <$'] The demon- 
strative here, as often, is placed after its relative (boa) for 
oratorical effect. (K. § 332. 8). It resumes the subject 
with emphasis, and to increase the emphasis repeats the de. 
Jelf 's K. § 658. — pepovlevcdat] In the perf. to express the 
duty with emphasis, by speaking of it as already accom- 
plished. K. § 255, R. 7. — tcov ul\uv~\ " Scil. nepl cov AtOTreidvs 
rrparreL mi \1eKke1, -KotelvT Franke. — Qopv$oi<;~\ Causal dat. 
("on account of the clamors"). So also Karnyopiaiq. K. § 

16* 



186 NOTES. (8) 

285. 1. (1) ; C § 60. 1. — utto tovtuv a~odpuvai] " to run off 
from these," "be diverted from these." 

4. ovdevbg t)ttov~\ " less than nothing," i. e. " most of all." 
See I. § 27. — &s &pa] "that then," "that to be sure," "that 
forsooth." Often used thus, to represent as untrue, con- 
temptible, or ridiculous, some opinion or statement of an- 
other put forth with confidence, and generally received. See 
§§ 57, 73. 

5. "Era <5e] " But the case is." Thus Schaf. and Vomel. 
Others explain the passage by an anacoluth, or change of 
construction, making the last part of the sentence depend 
upon del rather than ean. For an explanation of the nature 
and uses of this figure, see K. § 347. 5. — cvanevu^eTat\ " pre- 
pares," " excites." — aal rd ye ... . dpu'] " and matters, at 
least on your side, I see prepared for this," i. e. for keeping 
the peace. See § 54. 

6. a fiev ufj-ooa/xev'] " what we swore to," i. e. the articles 
of the treaty of peace made with Philip at the close of the 
Amphipolitan war. — mvg ii?,7]povxov^ The settlers sent out 
with Diopithes, to squat upon the Cherronesus. — v-n-ep uv 
.... ravn'] "for which here are your ratified decrees com- 
plaining of him." Understand 'early. " Vult Athenienses suo 
ipsorum gladio jugulare, quasi dicat: nos ipsi decrevistis, 
pacem esse a Philippo violatam, et tamen dubitatis adhuc, 
an pro hoste sit habendus ?" Wolf. 

7. vTvo7ieircerai] " there is left," " there remains to us," i. e. 
they were compelled by the aggressions of Philip to turn 
their attention to this part of the subject, which had been 
so studiously passed over by the other speakers. — lilrjv el~\ 
See III. § 18. 

8. El 6' ... . 6pl&vTaL~\ " but if upon these principles they 
establish our rights and define the peace thus," i. e. as is 
implied in the supposed case which precedes. — 6r]-ovdev] 
Nearly the same as fy-ov. See III. § 17. — ov fir/v aXA'] See 
I. 4. " Construe : ov (jfiv u22m ovp,fialveiv avrovg Aeyeiv nal avra 



(8) ON THE CHEER ONES US. 187 

ravra evavrla ralg narrjyoplatg, ag Aio-eidovg." Kriig. That is to 
say, as appears from what follows, the very license which 
they claimed for Philip was calculated to destroy the force 
of their accusations against Diopithes. — ^vrore] " I should 
like to know now." A meaning derived directly from that 
of the separate words of which it is composed. 

9. 'A/Ua .... k^eAeyxov-aL~\ " but in these things, perhaps you 
will say, they are refuted," i. e. the orators who were for 
punishing Diopithes. For this use of vrj Ma, see IV. § 10. 

— TrepiKOTTTovTeg'] " laying waste," " ravaging." From the prac- 
tice of cutting down the fruit-trees in ravaging an enemy's 
country. — nardyov'j " taking into port," " detaining." Thus 
generally. See De Pace, § 25 ; De Coron. § 73. The /card, 
in such cases, seems to have reference to the fact of their 
being brought to a goal or stopping-place {Kara, lit. " down 
through to some conceived limit"). 

10. wf azotic'] " really." Strictly ovrug is understood (" thus 
as really"). But, as often with relative words, the corre- 
sponding demonstrative is understood. See I. § 21 ; also, 
Jelf 's K. § 870, R. 4. — hvt ttuol ducalo^ " upon condition of 
entire justice," " in good faith." For this meaning of km with 
dat., see IV. § 51. — rbv tyeorrjicora nal nopi^ovra xpr}[Lara~\^ That 
is Diopithes, who seems to have received or to have taken 
a sort of general commission to plunder from Philip, and 
thus recruit his finances. . — dcalvdvoof^iv^v'] " about to be dis- 
banded also." Above, it will be observed that the form of 
the verb compounded with Kara is used, but here with did, to 
denote the idea in turn, also. See diallayrj, naraXXayr], II. § 
1. — av i'/ielg .... Tveiadijre] " if you are persuaded thus," " if 
you listen to them." For this meaning of ravra ("thus"), 
see I. § 10, note. — EZ 61 yaf\ That is, if Philip's forces were 
not to be disbanded. — rp6nov~\ " manner," " attitude," " state." 

— rd -napovra .... uTzoluleKev'] " it has lost all the present op- 
portunities." 

11. obdevf] Dat. of instrument. K. § 285. 1. (2). — r£> 



188 . NOTES. (8) 

-porepog, k. r. /..] See II. § 9, note. — 6vvau.iv GvveorTjKvlav^ 
"perpetuum exercitum, quern alibi (IV. 32) noniinat 
cwexn napaGnevvrjv ." "Wolf. — e<? off] " against whom." ix>' is 
used with an ace. after a verb of rest (-apecnv) on account 
of the previous motion implied in it (" he goes and is pres- 
ent"). Seel. §§ 8, 14, 18. 

12. vcTepi*oi>7as~\ In the ace, to agree with the subject of 
7rpoGo$?uoKavuv, although referring to vfiiv, and generally, in 
such cases, would be in the dat. K. § 307, 11. 2; C § 70. 
10. — ■7rpoGo$?MJKuv£Lv'] " incur in addition" (~p6f). 

13. on koI .... rovro] " that these other things are but 
words and pretexts, while this is what is really attempted 
and plotted." /loyot and Trpo^dcei^ belong to the predicate, 
and hence are without the article, viv properly qualifies 
Xeyd/xeva, understood (lit. " the now-said other things," " the 
other things now said "). 

14. ol -ap6i>7ff] That is, those present from where Philip 
was occupied, or who were acquainted with his movements. 

— -pu-ov iiiv~\ "Non sequitur l-eira, sed mntata structurse 
ratione, cujus mutationis causa est in verbis interpositis, per- 
gitur his verbis: «*2 y.nv old' kudvo, k. r. /.., $ 1<*>. Yid. De 
Pace, § 7." Franke. — fuv&v l-l . . . . airriis'] "will adhere to 
the same foil}'." u will persist in the same folly," i. e. would 
continue to reject the alliance of Athens, as they had since 
the Social War. 

15. 'E}w fuv oik olp.ai^ "I for one do not think so." fth is 
here used alone, as often. See III. § 8. — tad el] -'even if." 

— nal ruvruvr ua6pijaec0cu\ "even these they would 

i. e. as coadjutors, allies, or protectors. — <*>daoy ?m{3dv] -shall 
anticipate in taking," -take first" See K. § 310. 4. (1). 
- — imdXuXevai] Intransitive, " to perish," and in the perf. to 

denote the certainty of the act, as if already accomplished- 
See § 3. 

1G. N?? Am] "yes. and well they may." It supposes some 
one to approve of letting the Byzantians perish on account 



(8) ON THE C HE H RONES US. 139 

of their perverseness. See §9. — ILuw ye] " most assuredly," 
" no doubt." Thus generally in answers. See Plat. Gorg. 
453, D., et passim. — Kal $v] "furthermore." See II. § 9. 
— kmaroT^g"] A letter which he sent them from Thrace, 
complaining of the conduct of Diopithes. 

17. ?/ to ovveo~rjK.us~\ "if there may be the existing army," 
"if the existing army may continue," i. e. the army already 
raised and under Diopithes. — vr) Am] "to be sure, you will 
say." See § 10. The supposed dialogue between the ora- 
tor and an opponent is continued to the end of the section. — 
i»?r6] " by," " on account of." Used as with the pass, after 
the intrans. dwuiitda (" we should not be able on account of" 
"we should not be allowed by"). K. § 249. 3. 

18. T7/v k-iovaav upav~\ "the approaching season," i. e. the 
winter, when it would be impossible to send aid thither. — 
«'c v v ~\ "into which," i. e. advancing into, or approaching 
which. elg is used from the influence of tmovaav, which, by 
a singular construction, is made to agree with upav, rather 
than with the subject of the principal verb (" the advancing 
season/// which," instead of "into what season advancing"). 
For this blending of sentences, see K. § 347. 3. — r/vef] 
Those who were for recalling Diopithes and his army. — 
tt^V] "Ol. 109. 2, De re cf. § .V.i; Philip. III. 33, 59." 
Franke. 

19. 7/v . . . . dvvafttv] The relative clause often stands thus 
before the principal clause, containing the substantive of the 
principal clause transferred to it, with which the relative 
seems to agree directly, like our what (" what force, this," 
instead of -the force, which"). K. § 332. 8 ; C. § 52. 11. 
avror\~\ "ourselves." — \i>! l uuTuv'] Partitive gen. after avvev- 
TTopovviag. — oi'xetof] "Id est. d>g del, ut usus postulat." Wolf. 
Or. perhaps, as Jacobs renders it, "in a friendly or cordial 
way." 

20. -01V faoiov<mvaoovv] "those of whatever sort," "those 
represented as so bad" (see § 9). — evOevdv~\ "to flourish." 



190 NOTES. (8) 

Explained by the words which follow. This is Attic for 
the Ionic evdyvetv. — ccva-.uruouh-?^^ " cooperating with them." 

— Tot-r'] "this," ki the latter." So § 18: tyti fu-v olficu tovto. 

— Elf? .... E/ra] Expressing indignation. See I. § 24, 
note. 

21. rrj m>Ae*] u Dativus a verbo napovra pendet (cf. De 
Pace, 8), ne dativum pro genitive positum credas." Franke. 
onus .... avroi^ Referring to Trpuy/mra. — tCjv kocvuv~J "public 
money." Referring to the use of the public funds for theat- 
rical purposes. See I. § 19. — rag awru^&s] " s t i p e n d i a, 
pacta condita." Reiek. 

22. 7ro0ev] u whence." i. e. from what source he may ob- 
tain his means. Referring to the complaint which had been 
made of Diopithes for levying upon the country of Philip 
for the support of his army. — tv \ikv rotf Aoyw? J u in our 
Speeches indeed." Opposed U) Tdf tjnoir. — roli; havnovfiivoic 
Toinoir~] "horn in a d v e r 9 a r i i s. Nota hunc concur>um 
duorum dativorum, quoram utrique sua est owra&c, n Schaf. 

2>). oin 1\cj ri >t;tj] M 1 have nut (I know not) what to Bay." 
H is for 8 «, the direct for the indirect. See II. § 27. note. 
Kal .... Kai^ " even .... even." For the general structure 
of the sentence, see ?' 19, note. 

24. divarai .... xwav] "an- able to effect or bring about." 

— Tavra] That i>. the course pursued towards Diopithes. — 
v/ujvj Partitive gen., governed by tviovg. — //.... rifxcj/xut J 
"ant (i. e. si mendax deprehendar) quovis me i u p- 
plicio dignuni fateor." Franke. — 'Epvdoaiw'] u ( 
Krythne, prbifl [onicse, dieit." Franke. — xpty**™ Xapftutmmm] 
That is, for the support of their Boldiers. The.-.- levies were 
called benevolences (ebveioc, § 2o), when made upon their allies. 
See De Coron. § 145, note. 

2o. urr' oi<hroc~] -for nothing" (see I. § 1, note). For 
these benevolences they received, in turn, as appears from 
what follows, protection to their commerce, etc. — umitifww,] 
"merchants," "traders." — Ttapantfnr&rttu'] "to be eecttted." 



(8) ON THE CHEERONESUS. 191 

— ra Toiavra] " Saepius Demosthenes, ubi res aliquot enurn- 
eravit, hoc pronomen in cumulum addit, articulo nunc prre- 
posito, nunc omisso. Cf. Philip. III. 49." Schaf. For the 
omission of the copulative before it (asyndeton), see K. § 
325. 1, e. — eivolac'] See above. 

2G. \irirz .... prfilv psyre] Used instead of the direct nega- 
tives (ovre, etc.), because not referring to Diopithes exclu- 
sively, but a general case is supposed, applicable to all in his 
situation. See I. § 10. — 6t60£v] The dependent interroga- 
tive form, correlative to -60ev. K. § 9-4. 3, b. — 7rpoa<ur«] 
"demands in addition," i. e. in addition to what he obtains 
as regular contributions or benevolences (aydpei). 

27. irpoAeyowatv] " proclaim." — rov (ieHf]Ga.L~\ " of what he is 
about to do." Understand -oieiv, to be supplied from -odjaavri. 

— (iii tl nuu/oavrl ye] "not at all to him having actually done." 
For an explanation of the construction, see II. § 23 ; C. § 53. 
R. 9. — robe 'V.'/'/.i,var kttdidejot] " he is .-oiling the Greeks," i. e. 
to the king of Persia, perhaps ; for it appears, from what 
follows, that the Asiatic Greeks are specially referred to. — 
tlvc roww] " Soil. tup dtapaXovrov AioireiOiiv. Qui sequitur 
genitivus a verbo petei pendet." Franke. For the con- 
struction of //•>' with a gen. and dat., see K. § 271. 1, b. — 
'A/ielvovc .... tcqdeofku] "better, indeed, would they be to care 
for others than U>v their country." Kqdeodai is governed by 

uiirunrc. ]£. ?} 306. 1, C. 

28. Kd n ;..-, a. r. >.] "Nam et hoc adversarii rogasse 
videntur, Bive observandi Diopithis causa, Bive ut vi cogi 
posset B6 imperio abdicare." Franke. — toot' iariv'j "is this," 
4v is to be judged of thus," i. e. by what follows. — ncvamov^ 
" hill of denunciation." It was the table! on which was writ- 
ten the eloayyeTuO) for the specific meaning of which, see De 
Coron. § 13, note. — Tovra rods aduLOvvrac~] " Vocabulis ora- 
torio more transpositis, pro vulgari ioquendi more rods ravra 
IAkowtoc" Reisk. — rnaavraic'] That is, as would be re- 
quired if they sent out another general aud army. — yudc 



192 NOTES. (8) 

avrovs~\ " ourselves," i. e. citizens, such as were with Dio- 
pithes. See below, § 29. 

29. lapelv vnb rails vS/wis'] " to take under the laws." Or, 
perhaps, the verb is used in a pregnant sense, " to take so as 
to keep under the laws." — TrdpaZoj-] " a sacred vessel." Often 
despatched to bring home generals for trial, etc. See IV. 
§ 34. — Tavr' ecriv~] " these are the things." — eTrepea^ovrcov'J 
" Scil. AiomWei, insultantium malitiose et cum voluntate no- 
cendi, quod fere sycophantarum est." Franke. 

30. rovruv^ Partitive genitive governed by rwds. The 
whole phrase is used as a noun, as is indicated by the article 
(to), but the individual words have the same government 
among themselves as though they sustained barely their sim- 
ple relations to each other. — detvbv bv ov detvbv kanv'j " hor- 
rible as it is, is not horrible," i. e. compared with some other 
things, especially their own readiness to charge all the blame 
upon Diopithes or other citizens, rather than upon Philip. — 
aXTJ vpels~\ Properly, in order to correspond to the preceding 
part of the sentence, we should have here rb 6e ifi&s .... ovrus 
Tjdri diaKeladac detvbv eartv; but the construction is changed, in 
order to avoid expressing so unwelcome a truth, which is 
left to be inferred. — nadf/ftevot] " sitting," i. e. in the Assem- 
bly, and hence " hearing," which is the meaning here. See 
Philip. II. § 3. — 'Apicroftiv'] Not Aristophon of Colyttus 
(see De Coron. § 75), but Aristophon of Azenia. — (pare nal 
6opvptir£~\ "you assent to it and applaud." 

31. 67-4] Often used thus before a quotation given in its ex- 
act words. K § 329, R. 3. — izpayfia] " trouble," " difficulty." 
Thus often. See De Coron. § 246. — &s] "that." Intro- 
duces a substantive sentence, forming the object of uvn?ieyeiv. 
K. § 329. — ko2 tianep .... vo(xL&v~\ " and as if you thought 
you had lost something," i. e. by fixing the blame upon 
Philip, and exonerating their own general, they lost an ob- 
ject upon which to vent their hatred and envy. — evena rov 
BeXr'to-rov^ " for the highest good." Ivena may either precede 



(8) ON THE CHERRONESUS. 193 

or follow its word, but, perhaps, more frequently follows it. 
K. § 288, R. 

32. TvapccKevanaciv bfw£~\ " have prepared you," " rendered 
you." — 6v lore .... avTolg~\ " Id est, si civis aliquis accusa- 
tur, qui vobis elabi non potest." Wolf. — fare ml fiovXecde'] 
" you say yes, and wish for him," i. e. wish to take and 
punish him. — bv . . . . bnXocg'] Supply edit KoXdaat, from the 
following clause. — t^eleyxo^ievoL] " being convinced," i. e. that 
they could do nothing, that they had lost the object upon 
which to vent their rage. See above, § 31. 

33. yap] Seems to refer to some clause to be supplied 
after the preceding sentence ; as, and well you may be en- 
raged. — rovvavriov t) vvv~] "just the contrary of what now 
is." 7] is often used thus after havriog and other words de- 
noting difference, even to the degree of entire opposition, as 
here. K. § 323. 2. — kv ravratg] "in these," i. e. the assem- 
blies. Here the rights (rd d'tnaia) of the citizens and allies 
were discussed and decided. — knelvog .... ayuv] " that is the 
action," i. e. war. 

34." coot'] Followed by the infin., because the result is one 
which has its ground in the very nature or condition of the 
cause. K. § 341. 3, a ; C. § 70. R. 2. — rpv<pav nal Kolaxeveadatj 
" you are fastidious and receive flattery." — h 61 ... . 
yiyvoftevotg] " T« npayfiaTa sunt respublicas, adminis- 
trate reipublicoe, rd yiyvo/ieva ea quae forte fiunt 
vel accidunt." Franke. — $epe] " come." Used, in such 
cases, like elite (see IV. § 10), without reference to the 
number of persons addressed, whether one or many. See 
K. § 242, R. 13, a. — loyov'] "account." — Trapei/care] "you 
have omitted or neglected." Perf. act. of napirmc — /cat 
Epocvd' visas'] "and should interrogate you thus." The in- 
terrogatory is not complete till the last part of the sup- 
posed address, § 37. 

35. tte[itcete~] Indie, pres. — ug v^dg~\ &c == ^pof? as often 
with designations of persons. — kadaTOTE'] " in each case," " on 

17 



194 NOTES. (8) 

each occasion," i. e. of the aggressions of Philip, 'kvaynri] 
Understand ion, which is commonly omitted with this word. 
K. § 238, R. 8, b ; C. § 50, n. — anoyevofzevov Tuvdpa)Trov~] "al- 
though the man (Philip) has been absent," i. e. from Mace- 
donia, away from his home. Opposed to oIhol fievovruv, below. 
— (irj uv dvvaoeai] The llv refers to a conditioning clause un- 
derstood ("he could not, if he would"). 

36. rr}v ~Ev[3mav2 " In qua insula Philippus nuper (01. 109. 
2) duos tyrannos, alterum (Clitarchum) Eretriae, alterum 
(Philistidem) Orei constituerat." Franke. — rbv fiev . . . . 
eTrireixcoac'j "having established the one (Clitarchus) as a bul- 
wark right opposite to Attica." See De Coron. § 71. — 
em iKiadov'] Id est rbv 6' a~avnnpv Ziaadov (cf. De Coron. § 
71), alterum (Orei) versus (adversus) Sciathum (insulam 
parvan Eubosensibus ad septentrionem prope a litore Thes-- 
salise sitam), in qua insula Atheniensium prassidia fuisse 
videntur. Cf. IY. 32." Franke. 

37. ifielQ & . . . . uTrelvaaade'] " but you have not even freed 
yourselves of these," i. e. the outworks which Philip had 
established around them, to annoy and overawe them. — 
a^earare .... avrci] " you have relinquished them, as is evi- 
dent to him." For this use of on without a predicate ex- 
pressed, see De Coron. § 293, note. — imodavri~] That is, 
Philip. — tl upovfiev .... <j>7/oo t uev'J " what shall we say or what 
shall we assert?" An oratorical expansion. — 'Eyd ^ev~\ "I 
for one" (perhaps others do). In such cases the corre- 
sponding adversative clause is sufficiently implied by the em- 
phasis fdv gives the concessive clause, and hence is not ex- 
pressed. There are two other cases in which de is omitted 
after \iiv : either when the opposition is expressed by other 
adversative words (IV. § 4), or when, by the insertion of 
intervening clauses or qualifying circumstances, the writer 
loses sight of the antecedent uev, and consequently does not 
employ the corresponding de. 

38. tot'^ Opposed to eneidciv ("then, when"). — efrleyxeiv'J 



(8) ON THE CHERRONESUS. 195 

"refute," "silence." — rbv naptovra] "the one who comes for- 
ward," i. e. the orator who came forward to the bema to 
speak. — ov p> uXku\ See I. 4. — nad' Enaarov] " individual- 
ly," i. e. he would not barely make the general reply made 
above, but would go into particulars. See IV. § 20. — oirwg] 
This is what is called the hortatory dxtog (5pa or bpafe being 
understood). K. § 330, R. 4 ; C. § 79, R. 

39. UpCoTov /iev] The second point is introduced by 6ev- 
repov 6', § 43. But at the commencement of that section, 
having singled, out, as the most important feature of his hos- 
tility, the hostility which he bore to their democratic institu- 
tions (ndfaTeia), in summing up, he introduces it there again 
by Tzpurov /lev. — yvuvac] " Infmitivus pendet a verbo xpn, 
quod tacite repetendum e verbis t'l ovv xpv kolsiv, § 38." Wolf. 

— nanovovg /iev"] The corresponding adversative sentence is 
ovSevI (ievtol, § 40. For the omission of &? there, see § 37, 
note. — oXy] o/Lof is usually placed in a sort of predicative 
relation to its noun, either before the noun with its article, 
or after them both ("all the," instead of "the whole"). K. § 
246.5, 7; C. § 49. 10. 

40. eiSe fir/] That is, if they do not believe me. — EvdvKparrj 
.... AaadevTj] Olynthians who betrayed their city to Philip. 
See De Coron. § 48. — nug] For okcjc The direct for the 
indirect. See II. § 27. 

41. ovd' av] "not even should he." — iug] "as long as." 
Introduces an adverbial sentence of time. K. § 337. 1. 

— cv/iftri] That is, to himself (Philip). — malo/ia] See II. 
9. — nollu] Understand rcraia/iaTa. — tj^el] " Scil. irpbg v/iag 
ex insequentibus." Reisk. — ra vvv Gv/if3Ef3iaa/i£va] " Qua3- 
cunque nunc a Philippo coacta, i. e. undecunque vi collecta 
et in unum (Philippi regnum) conjuncta sunt." Franke. 

42. ev iredvKoreg] " well adapted." The Athenians are 
here represented as less fitted for extending or retaining 
their possessions, than for annoying any one who may have 
taken or was endeavoring to take them from them. They 



196 NOTES. (8) 

were tardy, and little more than defensive in their policy, 
and hence often lost their possessions (see IV. § 40), but 
would never relinquish their right to them, or consent that 
any other than democratic institutions should be established 
over them. They were the great defenders of democratical, 
as the Lacedaemonians were of oligarchical institutions. — 
OiKow'] "not therefore." For a fine exhibition of the various 
usages of this word, see K. § 324, R. 7. — Kaipolg] Dat., gov- 
erned by tyedpevetv ("to lie in wait for"). — rr/v nap' fyufr 
elevdepiav'j "the liberty proceeding from you."— ovds ttoIIov 6el] 
" not simply much does it want " (but all) = not at all. See 
Orat. De F. L. § 30. — Xoy^op-evog^ "considering," or rather, 
" since he considers." 

43. (5?)] Resumptive. See IV. § 22. — vneikrityEvat] For 
the perf., see § 3. — 7ov-o~] "of this," "thus." See § 10, 
note. — Ka-aoK£vd&Tai .... 7rapaoKevu&TaQ Observe the differ- 
ence between these two words, corresponding to the differ- 
ence in meaning between the prepositions with which they 
are compounded; okevu&iv means "to prepare;" hence, with 
Kara (" down," "against"), generally with the idea of under- 
handedness, or against, to the hurt of some one, but with -n-apu 
(" by," " parallel to "), " to prepare with reference to or as 
parallel to something." They are in the mid., because he 
did it for himself." 

44. 6f] Stands for vote av-6g. See K. § 334. 2, a ; also, 
I. § 14. — /ca/twv] " worthless places." The idea is taken up 
again, after the parenthesis, by rovruv, which is what is called 
the retrospective use of the pronoun. See II. 6. 

45. <5e] " while." Corresponding to (j.ev above, and so 
closely connecting the sentences that they form but different 
parts of one general statement. See III. § 20. — Ipyuv tuv 
upyvpELuv~\ "silver works," "silver mines." At Laurium. 
— a/Jid] Stands opposed to ovk EmdvfiElv (" does not want, 
but"). — ctpocg'] "pits," "caves," i. e. where their grain was 
kept. See Tac. Germ. 18, where he speaks of the same 



(8) ON THE CHE KRONE S US. 197 

practice among the Germans. — h r<p papudpu'] " in that pit 
of death." The term properly refers to the yawning cleft 
behind the Acropolis, into which the Athenians plunged 
malefactors. But Demosthenes here applies it to the disa- 
greeableness of a winter's residence in the cold and dreary 
country of Thrace. — naiceiva .... toitwv] The former refers 
to his operations in Thrace, the latter to Athenian posses- 
sions and resources which he was aiming at. 

4G. Eldorag . ... ml kyvumoTag'] " knowing and feeling these 
things." The latter refers to internal knowledge or con- 
sciousness. See De Coron. § 48. — h%iovv~\ " Scil. x?W&™ 
eloipipetv." Franke. — onag'] " that." Followed by the fut. 
after Tzparreiv ("to effect," "look out for"). K. § 330. 6; 
C. § G7. 4. — rd GvvEarrjKof^ See § 17. — lv\ k. r. A.J For a 
similar sentiment and construction, see De Coron. § 177. 
The student will notice the force of the future participles. 

47. fioi]Qdaig~\ See IV. § 32. So for rafuag, which follows, 
see IV. § 33. — 6i](j.oalovg~\ "public servants." See II. § 19. 
— nal oirog evl\ " and how it is possible." Depending upon 
noiyaavrag, in the same sense as TrpurTecv, above ; hence the 
indie — tovtov~J That is, raficuv, 6e/j.oalo)v. — ug akr)dCog~^ See 
§ 10. — kH laov~\ "seqjais viribus, quia et ille non por/de'iag, 
sed cmvexel 6wufj.ee bellum gerit." Franke. 

48. lvoiTt\ovv~] Part., not infin. (see K. § 310. 4, b). It 
agrees with the following infinitive clause, used as a noun. 

49. r&teuTdw] " at last," " finally." Thus frequently used, 
in the relation of an adverb. See Soph. Antig. 261 : 
kuv tyiyvsro Tzhp/?) TeTievrua' ("and there would have been 
a blow at last"). — tCov vizapxovrov .... -Kpoybvoig~\ " of the hon- 
ors belonging to the city and obtained by our ancestors." 
This passage is happily illustrated by a passage in the De 
Coron. § 95, which see. — eigqKfou] "to have mentioned," 
" to have proposed." — oi fiyv u?Ji~\ See I. § 4. 

50. rovvavriov'] " Hie, ut toties alias, adverbialiter dicitur : 
e contrario." Schaf. See § 33. — npoiouev'] "know be- 

17* 



198 NOTES. (8) 

forehand." From rcpboida. — 770? uvadvofieda^ " -whither do we 
escape ? " " how can we escape ? " i. e. from action, from do- 
ing something. 

51. "Orav . . . .f\ See IV. § 10. — uvayicr/v'] This is in the 
predicate after sl-ot. r,v agrees with it by attraction. K. 
§ 240. 3. — Acaoepec 6e rf;] "but what is the difference?" 
i. e. between the necessity of a freeman and a slave. See 
the phrase used in the same way, De Coron. § 205. — [irj-e 
.... ovte~\ Observe the change of the negatives with the 
change of moods (" which neither should be nor is it meet 
to mention"). 

52. elTruv av~\ " although I might speak." For this use of 
uv with a part., see III. § 27 ; C 73. 5. — ijiag .... aara- 
noTurevovTat] "Id est, vos perdunt administratione 
reipublicae." Franke. Observe the force of Kara in com- 
position. See § 43, note. — tig ayadbv . . . . ug x a ^~ov^ " how 
good .... how difficult ! " — &ap7ra£kv] Not violently, per- 
haps, but by peculation, as is always the case in times of 
war. Those overzealous for war may generally be sus- 
pected of having scent of the loaves and fishes. — uvaj3u/Aovac 
ulv vfidg^ " while they put you off," " defer your action." 
More commonly used without an object. See III. § 9. For 
the plur. after rig, see II. § 18, note. 

53. & dtdotx' .... yeyevrjcdat^ " which I fear you may one 
day think have existed at great cost " (or " you have en- 
joyed at great expense"). — »™f p/] "lest." A final sub- 
stantive sentence, having its predicate in the indie, to de- 
note a reality. — tovtois] The advisers of this course. — rrjv 
fj.£v elpf/v7]v^ " Respondent verba voul^eiv 6' slvat, § 54." Franke. 
— -e-elghevol] " having been persuaded," " already persuad- 
ed." — rbv . . . . -n-paTTovra] Philip. Governed by -nudav. 

54. ra 7' a6' i'fj.uv'] See § 5. — v7zapx£Lv~] Depends upon 
oJ/iac. — nal -b ... . xpw<z~a^\ " and this plundering of the mon- 
ey which is to be." Used as a noun governed by Kdkveiv. — 
raj tfwXcuajv ei-elv^ " by naming a guard." 



(8) ON THE CHEEEONESUS. 190 

55. avrd tovto'] " this very thing." Governed by ayavanTij, 
as an ace. of the equivalent notion. See Jeff's K. § 549. c. 

— si tu, fiev^ el is for on here, as commonly after nouns express- 
ing wonder, indignation, etc. K. § 329, R. 7. — rovg admovvTag'] 
" the wrongdoers," i. e. the peculators. — vf e/xlv eem] " it is 
in your power." km here = penes. See De Coron. § 215. 

— nal tuvt'^ " and that too." 

56. to rov fiev, k. t. A.] The whole sentence, to § 57, is 
used as a noun, expressing the object of ahiov, and would 
be in the gen. if a simple substantive, but when an infin., is 
always in the ace, whatever case the word upon which it 
depends requires. This is what is called the use of the in- 
fin. with the article for the infin. without the article. K. § 
308, R. 1. For a fuller account of the construction, see 
Jelf 's K. § 670. In the present case, however, the infin. is 
not used, but by a change of construction, ug with the indie, 
is used in its place. — GTparevovTa, udinovvTaJ Philip. — fj.7j6eva 
rov7G)v~j That is, " no one of the orators who favored Philip." 
They admitted that there was war, but charged it upon those 
who opposed Philip, rather than upon Philip himself. — 
rovg Je] That is, Demosthenes and those thinking with him, 
that Philip was at war with the city, and should be resisted 
as such. This clause is closely connected with the preced- 
ing by the influence of fj-ev and 6e. See III. § 20. — tovtovq] 
The retrospective use of the pronoun, referring to rovg de, 
taking up the subject after it has been once mentioned, and 
thus making it emphatic. See § 44. 

57. eiiwg koTi~\ " it is natural." — uv tl Ivnrjode tu ttoM/xg)'] 
"si quam e bello molestiam ceperitis." Franke. 

— sk tovc^\ " against those," i. e. such as himself. — nal /ca- 
T7}yopwaLv~\ "Ut ipsi (nos) accusent, non aceusentur 
(a nobis) pcenasque proditionis dent, id quod certo 
futurum vident, si vobis Philippum hostem esse persuaseri- 
mus." Franke. — Tovt' . ... to leyetv~] u thus much to them 
avails the saying," i. e. it kept the people from seeing that 



200 NOTES. (8) 

Philip was already at war with them, and thus saved them 
from being brought to trial for treason, for having advocated 
the cause of an enemy. — ug apa] See § 4. — rives] Such as 
Demosthenes. — 8ua8iKaoia] " contest," " dispute," i. e. as to 
who caused the war. 

58. 7tw] "as yet," i. e. before the time of his having 
taken certain places belonging to Athens. — ual . . . . nal~] 
"not only. . . . but also." — p/ irpoairoieiadai] "dissimu- 
lare." Franke. — ef-elisyxoC] "should expose," " make evi- 
dent." 

59. 'Entivoc fzev .... TroAc/tav] There is no de correspond- 
ing to nzv here, but, after intervening clauses, the structure 
of the sentence where it would be required (II nal rure) is 
changed (see § 37, note), of/an is understood before nohe- 
ueiv; and after damp both elm and ttoas/iuv arc understood. — 
'QpetTotf] Dat. governed by noXeuelv. Fur the event, see 
§ 36, note. — tuv arpartuTuv bvrufv~\ That is, " idt/touyh his 
soldiers," etc. K. 312. 4, d. — irporepov] "PheraBOfi enim, 
qui OL L08. 2 defecerant, priusquam Oritas, 01. 109. 1, in 
potestatem suam redegit. CY. Philip. III. 11. seq. npinipov 
enim el t§ &pxvs adjecta sunt, ut ordo rerum temporis uota- 

tioiie deliniretur." Franke. — afrrwv] That is, the Fhem an-. 
— afivveaeai] " to repel," i. e. Philip. — uKKd y> odder/] " nothing 
else surely," i. e. no intermediate position. 

GO. Kal /i?/v] See II. § 8, note. — bnep tuv icuv] "Quia 
nos de salute civitatis (imep ruv eaxdTuv t § 63), reliqui de 
libertate periclitantur." Franke. For a parallel passage, 
see De Coron. § 3. — Trpdy/mro] "troubles," "difficulty." See 
§ 31. — av Kaipdv '/ui/jTt^ "if you should take occasion," u if 
you should be disposed to." 

Gl. 'ftf} ' k as if." The gen. absolute after this particle 
stands in the place of an ace. with a part, or an infin. Iv. § 
312, lv. 12. — kneiv<ft~\ Pliilip. — krcorvfntaviacu] "to cudgel to 
death." No one would have ventured to use such severe 
language as is used here and in many other places by De- 



(8) ON THE CHE KRONE SITS. 201 

mosthenes, against a class of his fellow-citizens, unless there 
was very strong evidence of their corruption, and he was 
conscious of carrying along with him the convictions of the 
majority of his hearers. — Kplv] Followed by the finite verb 
rather than the infin., because the principal clause is nega- 
tive, and is conditioned by the clause with irpiv. See III. § 
12, note. — d/u'] Refers especially to ovk egtl. — tovtolq'] The 
traitors at home. Opposed to kneivuv ("foreign enemies"). 

— npoffj3oXotg] " projecting rocks." The progress of the state 
is represented by that of a ship. 

62. TLoBev] "whence?" " on what ground?" "why?" — 
/itv .... (5'] " while .... yet." — rf> xoiovvra'] "bestowing 
favors upon," "by bestowing favors." The part, expresses 
the manner of the action. K. § 312. 4, e. — Olov~] lit. 
" such as," the corresponding demonstrative being under- 
stood, = " for instance." — baa] " in how many things," 
" how greatly." Ace. of the attributive of the cognate idea 
after i^j-urnoe. 

<;:;. v-uyei] "lie is bringing under his influence," "is 
deceiving." — Boionav] That is, the country around Thebes, 

— the control of the town- and villages of Boeotia, which, 
properly, were independent of Thebes. — iroXifiov] That is, 
the Phocian war, to which the Thebans were one of the 
principal parties. See De Coron. § 18, note. — nva . . . . 
TT/javi^ar] "some advantage." See II. § 9. — brav] " Non 
dubimn est, quin eos male traetaturus sit: quando autem, 
id est incertum." Franke. — h abrw . . . . iroiijoaodat] That 
is, the peace which they made with Philip at the close 
of the Amphipolitan war, 01. 108. 2, B. C. 346. See chro- 
nological table. — noaa] For the government of this, see 
boa, § 62. 

64. Ilr/ar] He passed Thermopylae during the negotia- 
tions for the peace, and thus secured the conquest of the 
Phocians (see De Coron. § 33, seq.). These ace. depend 
upon &«, below, —tu brl Qp4ms~\ "the places upon the coast 



202 NOTES. (8) 

of Thrace." These he took during the negotiations cone* ru- 
ing the peace. See De Coron. ^ 69. — ' - 

I. § 13. — I'-ip] "in behalf of." See I. }j •">, nod-. 

" himself," " one." Thus often. — - : abrunij " your 

own possessions." K. ^ 302, B. -1. 

05. tvl QtXLinrov] "the affairs or in - of Philip. 1 * — 

p/ ovv . . . . KOfmovadat] "unless the great body of the Olyn- 
thian< had been benefited at the same time (<riH ) by enjoy- 
ing Potidaea." (4 is used instead of oi here, because the 
part, when resolved, makes a conditional sentence (" unless 
they had," or -if they had not"). Jelf'a K. | 746. 2.— 
tu rovr . ...•;■ -- :] "by Philip's having expelled tf 
rams from them," i. e. the tyrants of Pherae. 

'-- See 36. — Mtpiovrog] "Propius ad By- 

zantium a , silicet, ul occupet." Riid. Be was then 

on his expedition to Thrace, and in the vicinity of Byzan- 
tium. — T "for this eeryreason" (K. § 824. 8. c) 
They had become rich, etc, from this very impunity of ad- 
iting the c 1 'hilip. — S 83. 

67. -- - ;j " His bonis, quibus modo dixit civitatis divi- 
tias emci." Franke. — r • <•• " Vilitatem anno- 
nse el copiam intelligo, qua? populo gratior « s( quam decus 
et l:ui-." Wolf. Athens, as might be supposed from its 
position, was a greal emporium u>v trade. S< e Boeckh's 
Pub. Boon. Ath., Bk. I. Ch. 9. — i Understand 
napar- For the omission of the demonstrative, and the 
attraction of the relative into the case which the demonstra- 
tive would have been in, see K. § 332. 6. . . . . 

jjovxiav] That i<. not to be merely ; They actually 

iemi< s, as, for instance, that 
of Demosthenes, in v. hat follows. 

68. E/ru] "then," "accordingly," i. e. when they could 
no longer keep quiet. — napeTJiuv] That i-. to speak in the 

mbly. — ] That is, by bringing to trial obnox- 

ious fellow-citizens (like Diopithes), which seemed to be at- 



(8) ON THE CHER RONES US. 203 

tended with personal danger, but was always agreeable to 
the populace, who would protect the prosecutor. See IV. § 51. 
This was what these traitors taunted him with. — ovt' dpi 
/ir/re yevoi/ir}v~] " neither am nor would be." He contends that 
he was avdpeioe, but not dpaovg. Observe the use of the opta- 
tive in expressing a wish, and the change of negative which 
it requires. K. § 259. 3, b. 

69. uptvei, Srjfievei, k. r. l.~\ These words are thrown to- 
gether without any regard to their natural order, to express 
the varied and hurtful employments which the advocates of 
the cause of Philip pursued at Athens, in trying, confiscat- 
ing, bribing, etc., those engaged in public affairs. See § 
57.— ro/./a] « Id est, saepe. Cf. Philip. 11.35." Franke.— 
tr //.... Xoytapjoi] " in which fortune has the control of more 
things than calculation." That is, a bold, decided policy, 
involving war if the case demanded it. and hence giving 
Bcope for innumerable casualties. — nal xpfowbs ye 7ro/tm?f] 
"and a good citizen too." }t is often used thus in introduc- 
ing emphatically a Bort of addition or afterthought. See 

riat. Gorg. i in, a. 

70. -■ irap* . . . . x*ipi™s] Gen. of price after arroXuXeK&res 

("having ruined," "bartered away"). See III. § 22. — 
Tooofa •• I am so far from envying." K. § 307, 

K>. <;. _/},/// r] AVhat is called the ethical dat K. § 284. 3. 
(10),d.— • See IV. § 36. — riac] "humani- 

tatis officia." Schaf. Thus, generally, the plur. of abstracts 
expresses instances, conditions, etc., of the quality. K. § 
243. ::. (3); C. § 17. 7. 

71. /..] "bul on the contrary, although I 

mighl be able." S § 52. — V .... tuavrbv fralja] "did I 
place myself at," "did I devote myself to." See De Coron. § 
62 : 6 yap \vrai 9a kavrbv rui-ac r/jg noh-Telac elpl tyu. — 
~/"",\" r ] [Jnderstand Torrent kftavTov. — -o/aji'] Those who 
were careful to please the people in what they said and 
proposed. 



204 NOTES. (8) 

72. e£ 6v~\ " by means of which." — h/d /j.ev'] That is, " I, 
the proposer." He introduces himself as an example, 
merely to illustrate the case. — ruv u/jmv vararoi] " the last 
of the rest." This genitive includes all nations except them- 
selves. As now, even when the genitive includes all, the 
subject of the superlative is really excepted (since a thing 
cannot properly be said to be greatest, least, etc., of itself), 
this case, except in the mere form of the language, is equiv- 
alent to that in which the superlative is commonly used. 
In such cases, the superlative is occasionally used with very- 
happy effect. So in Latin : " ii ceterorum Britannorum 
fugacissimi" (Tac. Agric. 34). In English, also : "fairest 
of her daughters Eve" (Milton). On this use of the super- 
lative, see Viger, p. 717. — Ikuvo'] This refers to to p'ao-ov, 
although standing nearest, on account of its being more re- 
mote in thought, since it is what was to be rejected. But 
rovro refers to to peXnoroVj as what was to be preferred, and 
hence, logically, the nearer object. — padm-cu'] "will go," 
" will be sure to go," " always goes." What is called the 
aorist use of the fut. See Jelf's K. § 400. 2. 

73. us apa] See § 57. — tov ovfiftovtevavTosJ Possessive gen., 
governed by uvea. — a/./.'] d/>: seems to be for u/mj here 
("nothing else than"), but is always written thus before n 
after a negative expression. K. § 322. R. 10. 

74. &h'ov~\ See III. § 17. — -or'] "01. 105. 3. Vid. IV. 
17." Franke. — teyov'] " in speaking." — EL-Q See IV. §10. 
— tyrf] Not unfrequently repeated thus after el™, in earnest 
appeals. See Xen. Mem. I. 4. 2, et passim. — *p?o-ea0f] Un- 
derstand avTolg. 

lb. ug olov -e tu upiara] " as it was possible (to speak) the 
best," = " the best possible." See the same usage, Plat. 
Gorg. 449, D. — frrarrigpp] "with knowledge," "understand- 
ingly." 

76. i-avopdovvrag .... Kara'/lovrac'] Agree with the subject 
of awixetv (" correcting, not destroying"). — baoig] " ob ea, 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 205 

quaequaa sunt, qu aa quis incus et." Franke. — -napa] "be- 
sides." — £7u] " upon," " upon condition of managing for their 
master." See § 10. — iavroig^ Because unattended with dan- 
ger from the traitors. 

77. uxpt rov, k. r. A.] "usque ad applausum et lau- 
dationem rebus intenti, hoc est, si tantum laudabitis 
oratorem, ejus vero consilium non sequimini." Wolf. — 
uvadvofievot^ See § 50, note. 



FOR THE LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 

The Rhodians, having deserted the alliance of Athens and 
united with the other disaffected allies in the Social War, 
were afterwards drawn under the dominion of Persia, and 
subjected to an oligarchical government, through the machi- 
nations of Mausolus, satrap of Caria, a country of Asia 
Minor in their vicinity. At length, after the death of Mau- 
solus, and during the reign of his widow, Artemisia, the 
democratical party applied to Athens for aid in restoring 
liberty to the island. It was on occasion of this application 
that Demosthenes delivered this oration, B. C. 351. The 
course of thought is as follows : — 

1. That it was never difficult to make them understand 
what was best, but to persuade them to do it. And it was 
matter of congratulation, that in the present case there 
was so strong an inducement to do their duty, since it af- 
forded them an opportunity of refuting the calumnies of 
their enemies, and of making alliance with them appear 
more desirable, by exhibiting magnanimity in a fallen ene- 
my. § 1-4. 

2. That it was surprising to see some manifest so much 

18 



206 NOTES. (15) 

fear of the king of Persia, when the question was about 
assisting the Greeks of Rhodes in recovering their liberty, 
who were ready to assist the Egyptians against him. For 
his part, he had only to reiterate here views which he had 
expressed on a former occasion, when anticipating a Per- 
sian invasion, and what he would express also to the king 
of Persia, were he his counsellor, to confine their military 
operations to the defence of what properly belonged to 
them. 5-8. 

3. That their general, Timotheus, on a former occasion, 
and under similar circumstances, had liberated the island of 
Samos from the Persian rule, without provoking a war, since 
it properly belonged to them and not to him. i», 10. 

4. That Artemisia would not oppose them, smce, as the 
king's power WB8 very much weakened by the revolt of his 
provinces, she would have no occasion to conciliate him by 
retaining the island lor him. and hence would be rejoiced 
to see it go into the hand- of the Athenians, that it might 
not serve the king as a citadel to overawe ami keep her in 
subjection. 11—13. 

5. That he did not, howi ommend the liberating 
of the Rhodians out of any regard to them, who had shown 
themselves entirely unworthy of all sympathy or assistance, 
but for the L r o<>d of the general cause of Grecian freedcws, 
and recollecting that all were liable to be deceived b\- Ike 
arts of the designing. 14-16. 

6. That while their wan with democratiea] states had 
been for private injuries and had generally been eaeSy ad- 
justed, those with oligarchies had been a contest for tin 
premacy of different constitutions, and hence implacable. It 
was greatly for their interest, therefore, to prevent oligarchies 
from increasing around them. 17, 18. 

7. That it was strange every one did not see, that, if all 
the Greeks around them were allowed to come under the 
influence of oligarchical principles, they must themselves 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 207 

be destroyed, that there might be none left to restore free- 
dom. Hence, they should consider oligarchies the common 
enemy of free institutions, and do by the unfortunate Rho- 
dians as they would like to be done by under similar cir- 
cumstances. 10-21. 

8. That even the Argives, at a much greater risk, had 
manifested a sympathy for them, when oligarchy was estab- 
lished at Athens, which should stimulate them to do the same 
fop the Rhodians. 22-24. 

( J. That those who were always advocating the rights and 
claims of others should first advocate the rights of their own 
country, especially a- other nation- were not over-scrupulous 
about invading their rights a tame submission to which 
would he cowardice, not justice. 2o-2'J. 

1<>. Thai, a- he was aware, it was more difficult for them 
than for others to do what they ought to, since, besides their 
public enemies, they had to encounter and overcome in all 
their deliberations these orators of an oligarchical leaning; 
f<»r which, however, they were somewhat responsible, as 

they should have prevented their prevalence, by holding one 
who had deserted bis pool in politics in ;is great disgrace as 

one who had deserted hi- pOSl in war. 30-33. 

11. Bui that correction of evils, and not crimination, was 
needed ; nor was i; necessary to speak of all that was wrong, 
hut rather to execute vigorously the case in hand, as the 
Bnresl way of arriving at the correction of the other evil-, re- 
membering that the illustrious deeds and trophies of their 
ancestors were sel before them, not only for admiration, but 
for imitation. '•'> 1, '■'>'>. 

§ l. ] "boldness," "perfect freedom of speech." 

That they might the better get at the truth. — &s ;<)/> unelv 

\ "to -peak plainly." '-Alia- fa htos eliteiv eodem 

sensu." Wolf, «> is to he explained here as with adverbs 

and superlatives. See I. s 21; VII I. § 1<>. — v-dpx^v lyvu- 



208 NOTES. (15) 

no-so] Not exactly the same as the periphrastic infin. con- 
sisting of the part, with elvai. vTvapxct-v means, not simply 
" to be/' but " to be ready," " to be at hand ; " hence, with 
eyvonorec, " you know spontaneously," " are ready furnished 
with a knowledge of" (see De Coron. § 1, note). The 
Athenians were remarkable for their quick apprehension 
and ready understanding of things, but inefficient in action. 
See III. § 15. — 66%r,~] lit. " may please," = " may be resolved 
upon." Like the Latin placet. — loov] " an equal distance," 
" the same distance," " to the same extent." looc often means 
"the same." Thus De Coron. § 3: ov yap lo-iv loov vvv kfiol 
("for it is not now the same to me"). Hence it may be fol- 
lowed by relative words, as it often is. 

2. 6ujl rnv clvtuv vfipiv'] " on account of their own violence or 
restiveness." The Rhodians, in connection with the Chians, 
Byzantians, and other allies, had revolted from Athens a few 
years before (ov TrdXat), in what was called the Social War. 
— tt]s airuv ouT7)plag^ Having lost their liberty through the 
machinations of Mausolus of Caria (see § 3), now, after the 
death of Mausolus, under the reign of Artemisia, his widow, 
the popular party had applied to Athens for aid. — avrov'] 
"Referring to aa-Lpti ("occasion," "favorable opportunity"). 
The orator considers this a favorable opportunity for refut- 
ing the calumnies of the traducers of their city, by the ex- 
hibition of magnanimity towards a fallen enemy. — epycS] " by 
act," " deed." Opposed to faaofafuac 

3. empovheveiv avToig] It seems that the allies alleged, as 
the cause of their revolt, the purpose of the Athenians to de- 
prive them of their liberty. They had cause of complaint 
against Athens, undoubtedly, on many grounds ; but espec- 
ially on account of the misapplication of the contributions of 
the allies to the adorning of Athens, and the overbearing con- 
duct towards them of many of her generals, while engaged 
abroad. Indeed, it is most probable that the immediate cause 
of the revolt was the overbearinsr conduct of Chares, who 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 209 

had lately been invested with very extensive powers against 
Charidemus. See Thirlw. Chap. XLII. — Tcpvravevcag'] " the 
one having taken the lead," "the instigator." The" word 
properly expresses that particular kind of precedency and 
initiative enjoyed by the presiding tribe at Athens. See De 
Coron. § 29, note. — MawoAof] Satrap of Caria, but was aim- 
ing to make himself entirely independent of the King of Per- 
sia. He pretended to be the friend of the Rhodians, but was 
really their enemy ; and, as the orator says, would appear 
such if they now did their duty. The contrast between 
the conduct of the several parties is brought out with 
great strength and skill. — 'ol 6' . . . . Bv&vtiqi] That is, who 
had made them their allies in the Social War. <5', " while," 
here ; below (ifielg <$') " whereas." See I. § 28. 

4. rove 7ro/Um)f] " the masses." Differs from ixolT^i, as " the 
many " does from " many," in English. — ov] " of which," 
" from which," not " than which." Governed as possessive 
gen. by yivoiTo. The double comparative here is merely ap- 
parent. See Jeff's K. § 780, R. 2. 

5. rovg amovg'] That is, " the same orators." — vnep [ilv kiyv- 
nriuv'] The king of Persia was engaged about this time in 
a war against Egypt and other revolted provinces, and it 
seems the Athenians had been deliberating about sending 
them aid. — ruvavria irpciTTeiv'^ u evavTiovcdcu." Schaf. — pacnlel^ 
The king of Persia. Generally spoken of thus, merely as 
king, without the article, since it was sufficiently obvious who 
was meant, as he was the great enemy of the Greeks, and 
was often spoken of. — (leuepcaftevovg'] " Id est, fiepog bvrag rrjg 
kneivov upxw" Reisk. 

G. tuv j3aai?uKCjv'j " the affairs of the king," i. e. of Persia. 
Referring to their deliberations relative to the expected at- 
tack of the king of Persia, Artaxerxes Ochus, a few years 
before (B. C. 354), during which he delivered his speech De 
Symmoriis. — napelddv'] See VIII. § 68, note. — izaprjveaa] 
" I advised," " suggested." — \ibvoq fj devrepo? elnelv^ " the only 

18* 



210 NOTES. (15) 

one or one of two to say it." The ordinals often signify, 
thus, one out of a certain number. See De Coron. § 104: 
itcTog nal 6 euros ovvTetyg (" one out of sixteen contributors"). 

— doKElTE^ This is more in accordance with the usage of the 
language than SoKolre, the reading of Bekker (" you seem to 
me you would," instead of "it seems to me you would"). 

See § 11 ; also, I. § 10 ; II. § 1, notes. — vnupxovrag exOpovg'] 

" existing enemies," i. e. those already openly declared, such 
as Philip, for instance. The attack of the king of Persia was 
only anticipated. — Kal ovk ... . Aiyav] Translate fiev . . . . & 
here, "indeed .... and yet," or "while." This arrangement 
of sentences, in expressing successive steps which stand re- 
lated to each other by pairs (a sort of pacing movement), is 
a favorite one with Demosthenes. It is specially adapted to 
the climax. See the celebrated climax, De Coron. § 179. 

7. fioi] Ethical dat. See VIII. § 70, note. — tu tots p'nOtvn'J 
Governed by uKoAovdog (''consistent with what I then said"). 
K. § 284. 3. (3). — Tap' av-bv ovra~\ " being with him," " being 
one of his subjects." 

8. 6Awf] " in general," " in short." — ^yvw/care] " you have 
thought," " determined." — Qducac i) irapaKpovcufiEvb^ Aor. 
part, and hence, "by having anticipated or having deceived." 

TOVTUv'] " Scilicet TOV TTOfcfXElV KOX TOV IXUGXtLV driOVV." Sclliif. 

— baoi] " by how much," " by as much as." The correspond- 
ing demonstrative (tooovtu) is omitted with the preceding 
comparative, as is frequently the case, especially when the 
relative clause follows. K. § 343, R. 1. — lyvuKoreg t]TE ravra'] 
"statueritis haec, scilicet Sri i~ip tuu dmaiuv T7o?^/xelv xph" 
Wolf. 

9. 'On] Refers equally to l£yu and ttolt/oete, just as obdev 
naivbv form the object of both these verbs. — tuv -yeyevrffievuv 
. ... Kal cvvev7ivoxbTuv~] " of transactions which have taken 
place and proved profitable." As both part, refers to the 
same things, and do not express each a separate idea, the 
article is used only with the first. Just as in English we 



(15) LIBEETY OF THE RHODIANS. 211 

say, "the things said and done." K. § 245. 2. — Ti^odeov -kote] 
See Isoc. De Antidosi, p. 69. — 'Apioi3ap&vy~\ A Persian sa- 
trap of Asia Minor, in a state of rebellion against the king. 
" Hujus in Aristocratea fit mentio, quern Ulpianus Persicum 
satrapam fuisse scribit. Alius est ille 'Apiopap&vr/g 6 evaej3^g 
nal (pttopu/iaiog (SaGL?,evg tuv KaTTTradoKiJv, a Cicerone defensus." 
Wolf. — $ . . . . paai/Ja] He was to assist him in every way 
he could without violating their treaty stipulations with the 
king. But when he arrived, he found hirn so openly in re- 
bellion against the king, that he thought it not safe to assist 
him, and so he turned his arms against Cyprothemis, who 
had been appointed tyrant of Samos by Tigranes, viceroy 
of the king. And as the island was properly theirs, and 
they had a clear right to rescue it, as he goes on to say, the 
king had never made war upon them for it. See Grote's 
Hist. Greece, Chap. 79. — ypovpovfuvjjv'] "guarded," "kept in 
subjection." — tu p.ev~\ Ariobarzanes. — aizeyvu ^ (iondelv~\ " he 
relinquished helping him." After negative verbs, the Greek 
repeats the negation, where we do not. K. § 318. 8 ; C. § 
81. 5. — rrjv 6e~\ Samos. — npoGKaOe&nevog'] "blockading." 

10. Ob ... . obdelg] For the double negative, see III. § 5. 
The distinction here made, between the efforts which a ruler 
will make to extend his possessions and to retain what prop- 
erly belongs to him, is acute and just. — uVC v~ep .... kkar- 
Tovvrai] "but for what they have been deprived of," i. e. of 
their own possessions. — kfyievTai] "they covet them." 

11. 6okeZ~\ Has for its noun 'ApT?fii<7ca. For the construc- 
tion, see § G, note. — nfc n6?,eug .... Trpay/zarwv] " if the city 
should enter upon the undertaking," i. e. of liberating the 
Rhodians. The condition implied in uv, above, is expressed 
by the gen. absolute, instead of el (K. § 312. 4. d). See also 
the same thing below (rrpdrrovrog .... jSaotteug) — elre nal [ii]~\ 
"or possibly not." Implies the greater probability of the first 
hypothesis. See De Coron. § 58, note. — ug up/Mine'] " as he 
has been intent upon," " as he has desired." — nepcnoi^Gai'] 



212 NOTES. (15) 

"to reserve," "retain." — irhjaiov .... kneivov'] "since he 
dwells near by her." 

12. tie /Jyerat'] That is, "indifferently," "badly." — birep 
egtlp] "ut res vere se habet."* Schaf. — r^gd' . . . . irapa- 
Kivelv^ " while it would be a fortress overawing (kmTdxiapa, 
see IV. § 4) her command to prevent all revolt " (lit. " against 
disturbing any thing whatever"). (iy& is *a mere repetition 
of the negative idea contained in hzituxua^o. 7rp6f. See § 10, 
note. — 'nelvov'j The king. — por/dfjoetv'j That is, the king's 
faction in the island. 

13. 'Eirel oUa] " since also the king, too, while I would 

not say that I know what he will do." This is an idiomatic 
construction, by which what is properly the subject of the 
subordinate clause is drawn into the principal clause as an 
object (instead of " since also while I would not say that I 
know what the king will do"). K. § 347. 3. — fievrot] 
"yet." Supersedes the necessity of employing &£. See 
IV. § 4. — 6t)7j)v 7]6ti yevecdai\ " for it at length to have be- 
come evident," = " for it to be now known." Whether he 
would defend his title to the island or not could be ascer- 
tained only by their proceeding at once to assist the inhabi- 
tants in throwing off the yoke. Having proved, in what 
precedes, that there was no valid objection to doing so, and 
no immediate obstacle in the way, he supposes them urged 
to do it, and hence presented this sentence in the form of a 
motive to such a course (" let us go to their aid, then, since" 
etc.). — fi6vov~] Not only the Bhodians, but all the Greeks, 
were interested in the question, because it was, whether a 
portion of the Greek race should be free, or be deprived of 
their freedom and subjected to a foreign power, and that, 
too, the old hereditary enemy of the Greeks. 

14. Ov fiijv ot(5'] "not in truth not even." See IV. § 18. 
The uv following is repeated after naprjveca. C. § 73. 7. — 6i 
ai>T<M>2 " by means of themselves," i. e. independently of the 
king of Persia or his agents, and, consequently, without any 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 213 

danger of meeting with resistance from him, if they restored 
liberty to the island. See De Coron. § 18 : ol Trporepov 61' ka'- 
v uv hpxovreg (" those ruling by means of them," i. e. in de- 
pendence upon them). — ol vvv . . . . T66lol] That is, the Per- 
sian party in actual occupation of the city of the Rhodians, 
either in subjection to, or, at least, in sympathy with, the 
rulers established there by Persian influence. The popular 
party had been banished, and were now seeking for aid at 
Athens. — kUodai^ That is, as friends and allies. See 
cvfifiuxovg^ below. — to [iev npurov^ The article gives npcJTOv 
more of a substantive idea, to npuTov differs from 7rpwrov, as 
" at the first" differs from " at first" or " firstly." See De 
Coron. § 87. — tov <%ov] " the people," i. e. as a political 
body, " the popular government." — Tivag tuv •koIit&v'] The 
party intrusted with reducing the island under the Persian 
yoke at first associated with themselves some of the citizens, 
so as to conceal their purpose, whom they rejected as soon 
as they had accomplished it. — (j.7]deTepoig'] That is, neither 
the people nor their associates. 

15. el-KOV av] " would have said." — Trpo!jevif\ " irpo^evoL dice- 
bantur, qui publice in hoc constituti erant, ut exterarum civi- 
tatum legatos exciperent. Sed usitatissima et huic loco apta 
significatio vocabuli hcec est, ut is intelligatur, qui exteroe 
civitati est amicus ej usque negotia curat. Et sic accipien- 
dum esse declarat id, quod sequitur, ovi 3 ISia %evog, cum quo 
propter privatas rationas amicitia vel hospitium intercedit." 
Wolf. — el olov re~j " if it is allowable." — owayopevovTt^ " ad- 
vocating," " speaking in behalf of." Referring to himself. — 
cvyxalpu'j "una vobiscum gaudeo. Ordo verborum : 
croyxatpu tuv yeyevrjfievuv 'Yodiotg" Schaf. The Rhodians were 
justly unpopular at Athens, and hence the orator is careful 
to clear himself of any suspicion that he is advocating 
their cause out of any sympathy with them by themselves. 
— on ... . (j>Qov7]oavTeg~] " because, in consequence of having 
envied you the reception of what belonged to you," i. e. the 



214 NOTES. (15) 

custom aiy. tribute paid by the allies for protection, etc.; or 
perhaps the reference was merely to their alliance and co- 
operation. This was probably one of the principal causes 
of the Social "War (see § 3, note). For the gen. and dat. with 
ddovi/oavTs, see K. § 274. 1, e. — "K/lrjat .... fp] " Greeks 
and you their superiors " — -napelvTat] "admiserunt, r e- 
ceperunt, a trapaiia.'' "Wolf. The allusion is to the Per- 
sian rulers which they admitted. 

1G. tog Kal .... avrolg] " that these things have even been 
for their good," i. e. the bitter experience which they had 
passed through. — ev fiev yap TTpuTTovreg . . . . ev Qpovr/oai^ See I. 
§ 23, note. — owes 'Pudioi^ " Id est, homines pertinaees et 
superbi. Homerus Todlovg uyepuxovg cognominat. Vid. et 
Livium Decad. 5, lib. 5." Wolf. — ^pyv\ "by reality," "by 
sad experience." — v uvoia] "their folly," i. e. in rejecting 
the alliance of Athens and throwing themselves into the 
hands of the king of Persia. — el rvxoiev'j lit. " if they should 
happen to," = u possibly," " perhaps." The personal forms 
of this verb seem to be used thus, in parenthetical sentences, 
very much like the impersonal form. See II. § 10. — Ay] 
Resumptive. See IV. § 22, note. — 6'tKaioi] Referring to 
the subject of dvat, but in the nom. by attraction, because the 
subject is the same as that of the principal verb (K. § 307. 
4; C. § 70. 9). Besides, tlie personal form is used instead 
of the impersonal ("you are just," instead of "it is just"). 
This is common with ouuuoc, a$iog, etc. K. § 307, It. G ; also, 
De Coron. § 4,^/m. 

17. cKorepwf] "each of the two." In the masc. because 
persons are implied in dqp.0Kpa.Tiag and 6?.tyapxlag. K. § 241. 1 ; 
C. § 52. 2. — t} A7.////u-Gjr] See I. § 7. By priwtfa injuries 
must be understood injuries done to other States by individ- 
uals or sections of the country, which were unauthorized by 
the city, and which could not safely be assumed or repaired 
by it. — ^L?.oveiKtag^ "rivalry." — i/yepoviar~J "primacy." See 
De Coron. § 202, note. — vxep 6e . . . . i/.evVepiar'J " concerning 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 215* 

democratical institutions and freedom." Wars arising from 
difference in forms of government are always of the most san- 
guinary character. The Peloponnesian war was of this kind. 

18. ov yap, k. t. A.] Observe the pairing off of the words 
into antithetic groups, — " few, to many," " those seeking to 
rale, to those preferring to live on terms of equality." 

19. ttjv nap' rjfjlv Txoltrdav~^ For lad' orrwf, see C. § 52. R. 8. 
" our free government." — el 6c' ... . ava-niaeTcu] " if by means 
of oligarchies all things shall subsist," — " if all things shall 
become established upon oligarchical principles." — "laaat~\ 
That is, the oligarchs. — kxavaZovraq^ " will bring back," " re- 
store." The Athenians were the great defenders of demo- 
cratic institutions in Greece. See VIII. § 42. — bdevl That 
is, from Athens. 

20. Tovg [iev ovv u./iXovg'] That is, all but oligarchs. Such 
should be considered as enemies only to those whom they 
injured. This is the ace. of the whole, instead of the gen. 
K. § 266. 3. 

21. avToi>c~] " yourselves." The sentiment here is similar 
to that expressed in what is called " the golden rule " of 
Scripture. — 6 //// yivoiro] " which Heaven forbid ! " The wish 
is implied in the opt. — Kal yup~\ See I. § 23. — ova imrrjdecog 
.... e^Tjcdr/va^ " the occasion is not a fitting one for rejoic- 
ing." It was too serious for that. 

22. LvTavdl~] Attic, strengthened by i, instead of evravda. — 
ore ijTvxvcev'] Referring to the reign of the Four Hundred to- 
wards the close of the Peloponnesian war, when democracy 
for a time was abolished at Athens, and only maintained by 
the armament at Samos. — ovvefiovlevdiiodv~\ "resolved." " Sic 
niulto rarius dicitur av(ifiov?Leveadai, quam av/ifiovTieveiv. avftpov- 
Xevo/xivuv hoc sensu bis usurpavit Xenophon Hellen. VI. 5. 
34." Schiif. — oUovvTeg, dpuvreg ] That is, " although they in- 
habited," etc. K. § 312. 4, d. — a^raf] That is, to the 
Argives. — anaTilaTTuvrat'] " take themselves off," " depart," 
i. e. the Lacedajnionian ambassadors. 



216 NOTES. fl5) 

23. Kairavra ym ■ _ ••and that. too. a woman." i. e. Ar- 
temisia. The term mvOpuimc is of the common gender, mean- 
ipg a human being, whether man or woman. and, besides, is 
often added in designating classes of men. so that 3ap3apov 

-.-. means simply " a barbarian." — o;>£v] The Argives. 

— dovkuvj That is, his satraps, viceroys, generals, etc. It is 
gen, after yn gg flg. — o&roi kebw] For the position of these 
words relative to each other, see IV. § 7. — el -.op 3c - 

u Hoc non ad excidium Athenarum bello Xerxis, Bed 
ad alias clades bello Peloponnesiaco acceptas pertinet." 
Wolf. 

24. awEvipwxev] That is, he received no particular benefit 
from these advantages which he had gained over them by 
unfair means. — aXk 1 iiu-z, k. t. /..] That is. even while at- 
tempting to injure them by unfair means, he was almost de- 
prived of his kingdom by two Grecian adventurers. The 
adventures of Cyrus, Clearehus, and their companions, are 
related in the Anabasis of Xenophon. 

25. rates] Referring to the venal orators employed by 
Philip, the king of Persia, or any other power, to defend 
their interests at Athens. — rrpdc vudc] •■against you." "to- 
wards you." — nwnww] Refers to what follows. See De 
Coron. § 60. — dm*] " they themselves." i. e. the venal ora- 
tors. They should first do their duty as good citizens, before 
they attempted to teach others their duty. — airrdv] u him," 
;; one." — tcKEidai] •'•' to have considered,"' " prepared." 

26. -or] See I. § 14. This is designed to show the im- 
propriety of so scrupulously defending the rights of others, 
as some did, since others were far from being scrupulous of 
their rights. — uxere] That is, formerly. Observe that it is 
the imperil — cidcuo*-*'] "from no source," "'on no ground." 

— us ton - --/ " Kauai] u uc pro ~poc, — sibi vindicare, 
obnoxiam face re." "Wolf, cwres.Tj agrees with 1rf/xa3piax. 

— Bufjaanioos epuatv, k. t. /..] K Yidentur illo temporis arriculo 
Bvzantii asrum Selvmbrianum metati in Atheniensium 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 217 

damnum novis finibus circumscripsisse." Schaf. — h> ak~] 
That is, in the stipulations of the treaty (ovvOTjuag'). 

27. kneivuv~\ Mausolus and Artemisia. — fateatrf] "gave 
up," " relinquished." — EL & upa] si autem forte. See III. § 
26, note. — Ujel^ That is, as described above. — uptyoTEpotA 
Artemisia and the Byzantians. — <&a/J " yet." — ye] For its 
position, see I. § 2. Its force may be given here by a sim- 
ple accent ("yet those who will listen to them "). — tovtolc! 
Counsellors of the class referred to above. For the plur. 
after t%, see II. § 18, note. 

28. narayeiv'] "to restore," "reinstate," i. e. the popular 
party, which had been banished (see § 14, note). For this 
use of Karayetv, see Xen. Anab. I. 1. 7 ; and for the force of 
Kara, see VIII. § 9, note. — ov prjv ulla] See I. § 4, 
no!e. — ovtol~\ That is, the Byzantians, Artemisia, etc. 
— dppr/KOTuv'] That is, " if all were intent upon." See 
§ 11, note. In such case, he says, it would be base for 
them not to allow their demands, but as all were bent upon 
overreaching, not to assert their rights by vigorous action 
would be cowardice, rather than justice. See Tac. Germ. 
36 : " Inter impotentes et validos falso quiescas ; ubi manu 
agitur modestia ac probitas nomina superioris sunt. Ita 
qui olim honi cequique Cherusci, nunc inertes ac stulti vo- 
cantur." — 6nug~\ For the fut. indie, after this, see II. § 2, 
note. — TrapacKeva^opivuv'] " preparing themselves," " furnish- 
ing themselves with the requisite means and forces." See 
Jin. — Trporelveadat] " to demand," i. e. by words merely ; to 
rely solely upon the justice of their claim. — pTjdevbg avrir 
2,ap(3avop£vovg~\ " taking nothing in hand," " while we enforce 
or claim nothing vigorously." — rnv napovaav dvvapcv^ On the 
principle that " might makes right." 

29. avvdfjKaL .... 6ittoL] One of these treaties was made 
by Athens, at the close of the Persian war, and the other 
by Sparta, at the close of the Peloponnesian war, common- 

19 



218 NOTES. (15) 

ly called the peace of Antalcidas. The former, dictated by 
the victorious Athenians, stipulated for the independence 
of the Asiatic Greeks, and in other respects imposed very 
humiliating terms upon the Persian king ; while the other, 
entered into by the servile Lacedaemonians, sacrificed the 
independence of the Asiatic Greeks to Persia, declared the 
dependencies of each State independent, and committed to 
Sparta the enforcing of the conditions of the treaty. It was 
very unpopular at Athens (&v 6?j narriyopovcHv). As to the 
question of the existence of the first peace, known as the 
peace of Cimon, or Callias, see Grote's Hist. Greece, Vol. 
V. pp. 335-342. — fiera raid' varepov'] An oratorical expan- 
sion. Thus De Coron. § 137. — /cdv] A crasis for aal kv. 
— kv raXg -KolLreicug] " in the constitutions," i. e. of the indi- 
vidual States. — dpcaral'] " determiners," " arbiters." For the 
dat. which follows, see I. § 22, note. 

30. h/vonevcu .... noielv'] " to know how to do justice," 
Tiotelv, and not 7rpar-ctv, is used, because the result of the 
purpose is viewed as something to be made or brought 
about. See III. § 15. — 7rpd|ai] "to execute," "carry 
out in practice." — "Ec-cu de tout'] " but these things will 
be," i. e^ they would have power to execute justice, — 
they would be awakened to greater energy by such a 
view. — Kvpiotg~\ Belonging to the predicate after dvai, 
but in the dat. by attraction, to agree with airolg. K. § 
307. 2. 

31. fiovlevofiivovg'] " in deliberating," i. e. before they could 
pass any measure. — rtiv ruvavria .... rcporip^fiavuv'J That 
is, the venal orators before alluded to. — y~\ " may be," or 
" may be possible." Not a mere copula, but used as Zotl 
often is, as an independent verb. — 6ui rovrovf\ " on account 
of these," i. e. the venal orators. — elkotus] "justly," "natu- 
rally." 

32. Tov (dvroi .... Tco?,iTeiag^ A combined substantive 



(15) LIBERTY OF THE RHODIANS. 219 

idea in the gen., governed by alnat. But the individual 
words have a separate government among themselves. 
The allusion here, also, is to the venal orators, who advo- 
cated oligarchical views and foreign interests. Tavrr/v t/> 
r'a^w T7/c TToltreiag means, " this part of the administration," 
" this kind of service in the administration," i. e. opposition 
to home institutions and interests. -Kolnua means, literally, 
" the duty of a citizen," hence, " the management of the 
state," " administration," " policy," and, by a further step, 
" the constitution of the state." especially that which is man- 
aged by the citizens, i. e. "a democratical constitution." 
— ob fj.?jv d/Ua] See § 28, note. — dtuvoiav'] " state of mind," 
"feeling." See De Coron. § 192. — Trep] See IV. § 8, 
note. — drifiov'] " disgraced," " deprived of all political priv- 
ileges." Explained by what follows. See also De Coron. 
§ 55, note. 

33. rov ov(j,pov2,ev£iv'] Separative gen., governed by dnfiovg, 
in the sense " incapable of," " disqualified for." — t&v [m> 
ovfifidxuv'] ftev may be rendered " while." See I. § 2, note. 

rovTovg'] For this retrospective use of the pronoun, see 

VIII. § 44, note. 

34. 'A2,W] " but indeed," = at enim. These^ particles 
are commonly used in checking one's self. See De Coron. 
§ 42 note. — tovtuv'] The class of politicians spoken of 
above. It is governed by Karriyo^Gu. K. § 292, R. ; C. § 
49 R. 11. — rots akloLs .... kmirMi&i] " shall charge upon 
you the other party." For this meaning of dWoi with 
the article, see K. § 246. 8, b; C. § 53, R. 11 ; and for 
its being in apposition with v/uv, see III. § 30. — naipov] 
Possessive gen. after tori understood. K. § 273, 2, c; 
C. § 54, 11. — aM kav . . . . cxoiv~] "but what you have 
selected out from other cases (i. e. the case of the Rho- 
dians), if you are able to consummate by some useful ac- 
tion, perhaps, also, the other things, one after another, 



220 NOTES. . (15) 

would continually grow better" (lit. "have themselves 
better "). By the opt. with dv, after the subj. with edv, the 
result is represented as doubtful or undetermined. K. § 
339. 3, a. 

35. dvnla/i(3dveGdat] See § 28, note. — raSr'] That is, 
" these trophies." 



TABLE 



OF THE LIFE AND TIMES OF DEMOSTHENES. 



B.C. 

*382 
381 



Olymp. 



381 



379 



379 

378 



99.3 



99.4 



100. 



100.2 



Archon. 



Evander 

or 
Menander. 



Demophilus. 



Pytheas. 



Nicon. 



Age 
Dem. 



Demosthenes born, about July, 382. — 
The Lacedaemonians, in conjunction with 
Amyntas, king of Macedonia, make war 
upon Olynthus, and send an army thith- 
er, under Phoebidas, in the spring of 382. 
He takes the Cadmea on his way, for 
which he is recalled, and Teleutias is sent 
to take his place, in the spring of 381. 

Teleutias is conquered and slain before mid- 
summer, and Agesipolis sent out to take 
the command. 

Agesipolis dies in midsummer (380), and is 
succeeded by Polybiades, who takes Olyn- 
thus and unites it to the Peloponnesian 
confederacy, in the spring of 379. 

The Cadmea recovered by the Theban ex- 
iles under Pelopidas. Cleombrotus sent 
out by the Spartan government to reduce 
the Thebans to subjection again. He 
returns without succeeding, and leaves 
Sphodrias in command, who makes an 
unsuccessful attempt upon the Piraeus, 
which arouses Athens and certain other 
allies to unite with the Thebans in carry- 
ins: on what was called the Boeotian war 



* The Attic year commenced in July ; hence, according to our mode of reckon- 
ing, it included about a half of each of two years. 
(221) 19* 



222 



TABLE OF THE LIFE AND 



B.C. Olymp 



37 

.376 
376 
375 



375 
374 



374 



373 
372 



100.3 



100.4 
101.1 



101.2 



101.3 



101.4 



Archon. 



Callias. 
Charisander 



Hippodamas 

or 
Hippodamus. 



Socratides. 



Astoius. 



Age 



10 



against the Lacedaemonians. Agesilaus 
is sent to Bceotia, with a large army, dur- 
ing the summer of 378. 

Agesilaus, after some indecisive battles, re- 
turns to Sparta, leaving Phcebidas in com- 
mand, who is conquered and slain by the 
Thebans. Agesilaus retui*ns, in the spring 
of 377, and conquers the Thebans at Tan- 
agra. On his way home he falls sick. 

Cleombrotus is again sent out to Bceotia, 
but with no better success than before. 

Chabrias conquers the Lacedaemonian fleet 
at Naxos (Sept. 376), and Timotheus, 
after having taken Corcyra and other 
Lacedaemonian islands and cities, gains 
another naval victory over them at Aly- 
zia, in June, 375, which restored the 
naval supremacy to Athens. — Demos- 
thenes left an orphan. 

The Lacedaemonians are overcome by the 
Thebans at Tegyra, in the summer of 
375, and Cleombrotus is sent to their aid. 
This increases the pride of the Thebans 
and awakens the jealousy of the Athen- 
ians, so that they make peace with the 
Lacedaemonians, and recall Timotheus 
from Thrace, where he had reduced sev- 
eral cities to subjection to Athens. 

Timotheus, on his way home, stops at 
Zacynthus (in the summer of 374), to 
reinstate a band of exiles, who had 
been banished by the oligarchical gov- 
ernment of the place, which leads to a re- 
newal of the war between Athens and 
Sparta. In the mean time, the Thebans 
destroy Plataea (in the summer of 374), 
and soon after Thespiae and Orchomenus 
(the latter not till 364). Timotheus is 
sent to oppose Mnasippus in Corcyra, 
but, before he sails, is superseded by 
Iphicartes, who has Callistratus and Cha- 
brias as colleagues. 

Iphicrates reaches Corcyra in the summer 
of 373, just as Mnasippus had been slain, 



B.C. 



Olymp 



371 

370 



370 
369 



102.1 



102.2 



102.3 



TIMES 

Archon 



OF DEMOSTHENES. 



223 



Alcisthenes. 



Phrasiclides 



Dyscinetus. 



Age 
Dem. 



12 



13 



and carries on the war successfully against 
Sparta. In the autumn of the same year, 
Timotheus is tried and acquitted, and 
leaves to join the king of Persia in the 
spring of 372. 

The Athenians, indignant at the course of 
the Thebans towards the Boeotian Towns, 
proposes a peace with the Lacedaemon- 
ians, which is concluded (July, 371), in a 
common council at Sparta, which the 
Thebans also attended, but would not 
sign the treaty, because it required, not 
only that each of the belligerent parties 
should disband their forces, but should 
acknowledge the independence of all the 
other Grecian cities (they were not wil- 
ling to acknowledge the independence of 
the Boeotian towns). 

Cleombrotus is ordered to move from Phocis 
upon Bceotia, where, twenty days after the 
peace, he encounters the Thebans under 
Epaminondas, and is overcome in the fa- 
mous battle of Leuctra, which gave the 
Thebans the supremacy of Greece. — Me- 
galopolis founded and Mantincea restored 
by the aid of the Thebans, to be the rivals 
of Lacedaemon in the Peloponnesus. 

Agesilaus is sent into Arcadia (in the winter 
of 370) to check the spirit of independence 
which seemed to be rising there, but re- 
turns without having accomplished much. 
In the same winter, while Pelopidas was 
assisting the Thessalians against the Mace- 
donians, the Thebans, under Epaminon- 
das, make an expedition into the Pelopon- 
nesus to assist their friends there against 
Agesilaus, but not meeting him, they 
invade Laconia and remain there three 
months. After this they restore Mes- 
senia, and return home in the beginning 
of 369, having been hurried home by the 
pressure of want, and the forces sent by 
Athens to aid the Lacedaemonians, under 
Iphicrates. After the Thebans withdraw, 



224 



TABLE OE THE LIEE AND 



B.C. Olymp. 



102.4 



367 



103.1 



103.2 



365 



103.3 



103.4 



364 
363 



104.1 



Archon. 



Lysistratus. 



Nausigenes. 



Polyzelus. 



( Cephisodo 
( rus. 



Chion. 



Timocrates, 



Age 
Dem. 



14 



15 



16 



17 



18 



19 



the Athenians complete a treaty with the 
Lacedaemonians against Thebes. 

The Thebans again enter the Peloponnesus, 
but as the Lacedaemonians receive aid from 
Dionysius, they return after a few days 
(summer of 369). — An unsuccessful em- 
bassy from Ariobarzanes, king of Persia, 
to negotiate a peace between the Lacedae- 
monians and Thebans. — Death of Amyn- 
tas, king of Macedonia, and accession of 
his oldest son, Alexander, to the throne, 
by the aid of Iphicrates, who was in those 
parts on account of Amphipolis. 

Archidamnus gains a great victory over the 
Thebans (367), in consequence of which 
Pelopidas goes on an embassy to the king 
of Persia for aid. — Ptolemy Alorites ob- 
tains the throne of Macedon, having slain 
Alexander. 

After the return of the Persian embassy, 
Epaminondas makes an expedition into 
Achaia (366), in order to secure the fidel- 
ity of his allies in the Peloponnesus . 

Oropus is wrested from Athens by Themison 
and Theodoras, and delivered over to 
Thebes. Callistratus, with Chabrias and 
others, accused of treason for advising the 
rebnquishing of Oropus, makes that cele- 
brated speech, which first incited Demos- 
thenes to the study of eloquence. — The 
Athenians and Arcadians form an alliance. 
— Demosthenes enrolled as a citizen. 

War between Arcadia and Elis. — Perdic- 
cas, the second brother of Philip, gets 
possession of the throne of Macedonia, 
having, by the aid of his mother, de- 
stroyed Ptolemy. 

War between Arcadia and Elis continued 
into this year, and battle of Olympia dur- 
ing the games (July, 364). — Demosthe- 
nes prosecutes his guardians. — Pelopidas 
overcomes Alexander of Pherae in a 
bloody battle, and makes him dependent 
upon Thebes. — Timotheus takes Torona 



TIMES OF DEMOSTHENES. 



225 



B.C. Olymp 



361 



3U0 



iiW 



104.2 



104.3 



104.4 



105.1 



105.2 
105.3 



S57 



105.4 



Archon. 



Age 
Dem, 



Chariclides. 



Molon. 



Nicopb 



Callimedes. 



Eucharistus. 



( Cephisodo- 
( tus. 



Agathocles. 



20 



21 



22 



23 



26 



and Potidgea, opposed by the Macedon- 
ians and Olynthians. — War with Per- 
diccas concerning Amphipolis, which is 
brought to a close by a truce made by 
Callisthenes, which left the place in the 
power of the Macedonians. 

Fourth expedition of the Thebans into the 
Peloponnesus, in which the battle of Man- 
tinea is fought (June, 362), and Epami- 
nondas slain. 

The Athenians undertake two expeditions, 
— one against Alexander of Pherae, con- 
cerning Tenos ; the other to Thrace, in 
support of Miltocythes, who had revolted 
from Cotys. 

A general peace among the Greeks, which 
the Lacedaemonians refuse to enter into, 
because the Messenians are included. 

Timotheus repulsed from Amphipolis by 
the Olynthians, in whose possession it 
then was. — Philip ascends the throne of 
Macedonia ; defeats Argasus, the Athen- 
ian candidate ; declares Amphipolis free, 
and makes peace with Athens. 

Philip subdues the Pseonians and reduces a 
great part of Illyria under his authority. 

Amphipolis threatened by Philip, and, not 
being protected by Athens, under the 
promise, that, if he took it, he would de- 
liver it to them, is taken by him, soon 
after the celebrated expedition of the 
Athenians to Euboea, to expel the The- 
bans thence. He soon after took Pydna, 
also. A war ensued with Philip in con- 
sequence, which lasted eleven years. — 
Near the end of 357, before Amphipolis 
was taken, the Khodians, excited by the 
overbearing conduct of Chares, and urged 
on by Mausolus of Caria, unite with the 
Byzantians, Chians, and Coans in revolt- 
ing from Athens. Thus arose the So- 
cial War, which lasted three years. 

Philip, after taking Amphipolis, takes Po- 
tidsea, and, in order to reconcile the Olyn- 



226 



TABLE OF THE LIFE AND 



B.C. 



Olymp. 



356 
355 



106.1 



355 
354 



354 



106.2 



Archon. 



Age 
Dem. 



Elpines. 



106.3 



S52 



Callistratus, 



Diotimus. 



27 



2S 



29 



106.4 Eudemus. 



30 



thians to his course, presents to them 
Potidsea. — Death of Chabrias at the 
siege of Chios. 

Iphicrates and Timotheus are sent out with 
a fleet of sixty ships to join Chares in re- 
ducing to obedience the rebellious allies, 
but are soon after removed from their of- 
fice, on the accusation of Chares, for re- 
fusing to engage the enemy in a storm. 
Soon after this, Chares, destitute of means 
to support his fleet, leaves for Asia, and 
assists Artabazus against the king in or- 
der to replenish his military chest. The 
Athenians, learning that the king, indig- 
nant at this conduct of Chares, was about 
to send aid to the rebellious allies, make 
peace with the confederates in the sum- 
mer of 355. — Philip suppresses the de- 
signs of the Thracians, Pagonians, and 
Illyrians to unite their efforts against 
him. — Demosthenes makes his speeches 
against Androtion and Leptines. 

The Sacred or Phocian War, carried on by 
the Locrians and Thebans since 356, be- 
comes a general war, and engages most 
of the Grecian States. — Philip seems to 
have invaded, during this year, the is- 
lands of Imbros, Scyros, and Lemnos. 

Philomelus, the Phocian general, severely 
beaten by the Thebans, and, apprehending 
that he should not long survive, delivers 
up the command to his brother Onomar- 
chus. — Demosthenes commences his po- 
litical career by delivering his oration 
Hepl 2v/j.[j.opi£)v, in which he dissuades 
the Athenians from undertaking a war 
against the king of Persia. — In the spring 
of 353, Philip lays siege to the Macedon- 
ian city Methone, which was in alliance 
with Athens. 

Philip takes Methone, and soon after Pagasae 
and Magnesia in Thessaly, whither he had 
been invited by the Thessalians to expel 
the tyrants of Pheree and their allies, the 



TIMES OF DEMOSTHENES. 

B.C. Olymp. Arclion. - Age 



227 



352 
351 



351 

350 
350 



349 



107.1 



107.2 
107.3 



107.4 



108.1 



Aristodemus, 



Thessalus. 
Apollodorus. 



Callimachus, 



Theophilus. 



31 



34 



35 



Phocians. After succeeding in part, he is 
repulsed, but immediately returning with 
•a larger army, he effects their complete 
expulsion, and, in order to transfer the 
war to Phocis, attempts to pass Thermop- 
ylae, but is prevented by the Athenians 
(in the summer of 353). — Demosthenes 
delivers his orations against Timocrates 
and for the Megalopolitans. 

War of Lacedaemon and Megalopolis. — De- 
mosthenes (summer of 352) delivers his 
first Philippic, in which he urges the Athe- 
nians to form some definite plan of resist- 
ance to the dangerous aggressions of Phil- 
ip. — Philip repulsed from Thermopylae, 
enters Thrace and lays siege to Heraeum, 
in order to open the way to Byzantium. — 
Demosthenes delivers his oration against 
Aristocrates. 

Demosthenes delivers his speech for the 
Ehodians. 

While Philip is still occupied in Thrace, Pho- 
cion conducts an expedition to Eubcea, in 
aid of Plutarchus, against the tyrant Cli- 
tarchus, and, in the end, ejects Plutarchus 
for his treacherous conduct. — Demosthe- 
nes x°pyy°S in this y ear > an( i delivers his 
orations against Bceotus and Phormio. 

The Olynthians, who had made peace with 
the Athenians in 352, threatened with war 
by Philip, sent ambassadors to Athens for 
aid. Three embassies are sent during the 
year, either by Olynthus or the Chalcidian 
towns, and as many armaments sent out 
by Athens, — the first under Chares, the 
second under Charidemus, and the third 
of citizen soldiers. It was on these three 
different occasions that Demosthenes de- 
livered his three Olynthiacs. 

Philip, having taken most of the Chalcidian 
towns, takes Olynthus, in the spring of 
347, about which time iEschines goes on 
his embassy to the Peloponnesians - , in ac- 
cordance with his plan of forming a gen- 



228 



TABLE OF THE LIFE AND 



B.C. 



Olymp. 



Archon. 



m 

346 



108.2 



Themisto- 
cles. 



Age 
Dem 



36 



eral alliance against Philip. — Demosthe- 
nes delivers his oration against Midias. 
The Athenians, having endeavored in vain 
to arouse the other Greeks to unite with 
them in prosecuting the war against Phil- 
ip, and learning that he was desirous of 
peace, send to him the first embassy (rrepl 
Elprjvrjs) to negotiate for a peace, which re- 
turns early in 346. Philip consents to a 
peace, and while his ambassadors are at 
Athens negotiating it, he proceeds to 
Thrace and takes the Athenian fortresses 
Serium, Doriscum, etc., and threatens the 
Cherronesus itself. Peace and alliance with 
Philip are voted at Athens on the 19th of 
Elaphebolion (March 18th, 346), and on 
the 22d, a second embassy is appointed to 
obtain the ratification of the treaty from 
Philip. In the mean time, the ambassa- 
dors of the allies which are at Athens (but 
the Phocians and Cersobleptes had no am- 
bassadors present) sign the treaty, and, as 
the ambassadors still remain in the city, 
Demosthenes procures the passage of a 
decree directing them to perform the em- 
bassy with all despatch. Still they do not 
leave Athens till the 9th of the following 
month (Munychion), and from various un- 
necessary delays, by which Philip gets in 
readiness to pass Thermopylae in order to 
finish the Phocian war before the peace is 
concluded, do not return till about three 
months from the time of their appointment 
(Scirophorion 13), three days after which 
(16) a decree is passed extending the 
peace and alliance to the descendants of 
Philip, to convey which to him a third 
embassy is despatched. About fourteen 
days after the return of the second em- 
bassy to Athens, Philip, having passed 
Thermopylae and hastened into Phocis, 
takes possession of the Phocian towns, 
which is announced at Athens by Der- 
cyllus, who, with others, had lately been 



TIMES OF DEMOSTHENES. 



229 



B.C 



346 
345 



345 
344 



344 
3-13 



•m 



Olymp. 



108.3 



108.4 



109.1 



109.2 



Archon. 



ArcMas. 



Eubulus. 



Lyciscus. 



Pythodotus. 



Age 
Dem 



37 



38 



39 



40 



sent on an embassy to Philip. The 
Athenians receive the news with indigna- 
tion, but refrain from declaring war. 

Thus the Phocian war is brought to a close, 
after ten years. At a meeting of the Am- 
phictyonic Council, convoked by Philip in 
the autumn of 346, but which the Athen- 
ians, indignant at the course of Philip, re- 
fused to attend, Phocis is doomed to de- 
struction, and Philip elected to fill its 
place in the council. Subsequently, the 
Athenians, when visited by ambassadors 
from Philip (among whom was Python) 
and the Thessalians, for the purpose of 
obtaining their approbation of the meas- 
ures of the council, at the instance of De- 
mosthenes (Orat. de Pace), acquiesce in 
them and keep the peace. 

Philip subdues the rebellious Illyrians ; en- 
ters Thessaly to quiet intestine troubles ; 
and, in order to reduce it to a greater 
state of obedience, divides it into tetrar- 
chies, each to be governed by ten men 
appointed by himself. 

Philip, having sent aid and encouragement 
to the Argives and Messenians, that they 
might make war upon Lacedsemon, and 
even being upon the point of going to 
their aid in person, Demosthenes is sent 
as an ambassador into the Peloponnesus 
to frustrate his designs. — Demosthenes 
delivers his second Philippic, on occasion 
of certain complaints being made against 
them by Philip and his friends in the Pe- 
loponnesus, advising a renewal of the war 
with Philip. But the Athenians first send 
an embassy to him, requiring, as a con- 
dition of continuing the peace, that he 
should restore to them and the other 
States of Greece the places which he had 
taken during the peace. He promised 
only the restoration of Halonesus. 

Philip is frustrated in his attempts upon 
Megaris by Phocion ; also in Ambracia 
20 



230 



TABLE OF THE LIFE AND 



B.C. Olymp 



342 
341 



Archon. 



109.3 



341 

340 1 



Sosigenes. 



109.4 Nicomachus, 



Age 
Dem 



41 



42 



and Acarnania, by a force despatched 
thither, and by an embassy, of which 
Demosthenes was a member, who visited 
both Ambracia and the Peloponnesus, 
everywhere stirring up the Greeks to re- 
sist Philip ; about which time, also, as is 
probable, a force under Aristodemus 
made an attempt upon Magnesia. — Phil- 
ip attempts to establish tyrants in Eubcea, 
to the prejudice of Athens. Demosthe- 
nes avails himself of the public indigna- 
tion excited by this event against Philip 
and his friends, to prosecute iEschines for 
treason, on the second embassy to Philip 
(Orat.de Falsa Legatione). In the spring 
of 342, Philip leaves for Thrace, upon 
what is commonly called his Scythian 
expedition, and sends ambassadors to 
Athens complaining of the course of Dio- 
peithes in disturbing his interests and 
possessions in Thrace, and again offering 
them Halonesus. Demosthenes, Hege- 
sippus (author perhaps of the oration on 
Halonesus), and others, advise the Athen- 
ians not to take as a gift what is their 
own by right. 

In the spring of 341, while Philip was pass- 
ing his tenth month in Thrace, Demos- 
thenes delivers his oration on the Cherro- 
nesus, which arouses the Athenians to 
send ambassadors to Philip, and also to 
Diopeithes, in order to endeavor to save 
Cersobleptes and the Cherroncsus. They 
succeed in saving the country, but Cer- 
sobleptes is conquered by Philip, and 
driven from his kingdom to Athens. 
Philip finally succeeds in establishing the 
tyrants Clitarchus and Philistides in Ere- 
tria and Oreus, having obtained posses- 
sion of Porthmus through the dissensions 
of the Eubceans. It was at this time that 
Demosthenes delivered his third Pbilip- 
pic. 

At the instance of Demosthenes, an expedi- 



TIMES OF DEMOSTHENES. 



231 



B.C. Olyrop., Archon. 



340 



sj^ 



S3.. 
335 



Age 
Dem, 



110.1 



110.2 



110.3 



111.1 



( Theophras- 
) tus. 



LysimacM- 
des. 



Choerondas. 



( Pythode- 
\ mus. 



43 



44 



45 



47 



tion, under Phocion, is sent into Euboea 
to expel the tyrants, and succeeds ; for 
which Demosthenes is publicly crowned 
by a bill proposed by Aristonicus. — 
Philip besieges Selymbria. 

Philip attacks Perinthus, and lays siege to 
Byzantium. — Philip ravages the Cherro- 
nesus. — The bill of Demosthenes, reform- 
ing the trierarchy, is passed. — -ZEschines 
sent as Pylagoras to the Amphictyonic 
Council ; procures the passage of the de- 
cree against the Locrians of Amphissas, 
which leads to the Amphictyonic war. 

The siege of Byzantium being still contin- 
ued, the Athenians are at length induced 
by Demosthenes, after the peace had nom- 
inally continued seven years, to vote that 
Philip had violated the peace, and send to 
the aid of the Olynthians forces under 
Chares, and afterwards under Phocion, by 
which Philip was compelled to raise the 
siege both of Byzantium and Perinthus. 
The command of the Amphictyonic war 
is given to Philip, and he takes Elateia in 
Scirophorion (June, B. C. 338), just be- 
fore the passage of the decree of De- 
mosthenes for negotiating an alliance 
with Thebes. 

Embassy of Demosthenes to Thebes, where 
he succeeds in adding the Thebans to the 
other allies which he had gained within 
a few years past for resisting Philip. — 
Battle of Chaeronea, August, B. C. 338. 
— Ctesiphon proposes to crown Demos- 
thenes, October, B. C. 338.— iEschines 
lodges his accusation against Ctesiphon 
with the archon in the following March 
(B. C. 337), at which time Demosthenes 
was repairer of the walls of Athens and 
treasurer of the theoric fund. Philip 
makes an expedition into the Peloponne- 
sus. 

Murder of Philip, and accession of Alexan- 
der at the age of twenty. 



232 LIEE AND TIMES OE DEMOSTHENES. 



B.C.Joiymp.' Archon. 



I Age 
Dem. 



335 111.2 Eiuenetus. 
33A 



808 



831 

380 



8-8 



328 



£22 
321 



111.3 Ctesicles. 



112 2 { Aristo P 1na - 



o^q 112.3 Aristophon. 



114.1 



114 2 i ^ephisodo- 
rus. 



114.3 



Philocles. 



48 



49 



52 



53 



59 



BO 



61 



Revolt of Thebes and its destruction by 
Alexander. The Athenian orators de- 
manded by Alexander. 

Alexander leaves Greece on an expedition 
to the East, on which he is absent till his 
death, in B. C. 323. 

Attempt of the Lacedaemonians, under Agis, 
to resist the Macedonian power, crushed 
by Antipater. 

JEschines brings on the prosecution of 
Ctesiphon, on which occasion Demosthe- 
nes makes his speech on the Crown. 

Demosthenes tried for taking a bribe of 
Harpalus, a refugee from Alexander, is 
condemned, and retires to Troezene and 
-ZEgina. 

Demosthenes, in banishment, joins the em- 
bassy sent out from Athens, on the re- 
ception of the news of the death of Alex- 
ander, to stir up the Greeks to another 
effort to throw off the Macedonian yoke, 
and when it has completed its circuit, is 
recalled to Athens. 

This effort at resistance proving unsuccess- 
ful, Demosthenes is pursued by the 
agents of Antipater, governor of Mace- 
donia during the absence of Alexander 
in the East, and being overtaken in the 
temple of Poseidon, in the island of 
Calaurea, puts an end to his life by 
poison. 



INDEX TO THE NOTES. 



I. NAMES AND SUBJECTS. 



Accumulation of articles, I. 4 ; — 
of treasures at Athens in the 
time of Pericles, III. 24. 

Accus. absolute, II. 24 ; III. 7. 

Activity of Philip, I. 3. 

Adjective expressing the result, or 
in a predicative sense, I. 28 ; 
IV. 8. 

Adverbs with feminine ending, I. 
7 ; II. 20 ; III. 2. 

Ambassadors from Olynthus and 
Amphipolis, II. 6. 

Amphipolitan war, its expense, I. 
27. 

Anacoluthon, VIII. 5. 

Aorist and imperf. interchanged, 
II. 24 ; — and imperf., dif!~, I. 
27; II. 25; III. 1.; — for pres. 
in comparisons, I. 28 ; — subj. 
in fut. sense, IV. 33 ; — in fut. 
sense, I. 14; — expressing gen- 
eral truths derived from expe- 
rience, I. 15 ; II. 9. 

Appositional ace. II. 1 . 

Article, possessive, III. 34. 

Athenians, the defenders of demo- 
cratical institutions, VIII. 42 ; 
— more given to talking than 
acting, II. 12: III. 14. 

Athens, a great mart of trade, 
VIII. 67. 

Attraction after uonep, ug, tocrre, 
IV. 21. 

Benevolences, VIII. 24. 

Boeotian war, II. 24. 

Career of Philip, I. 13. 



20 



Comparison of the times of De- 
mosthenes with that between the 
second Persian and the Pelopon- 
nesian wars, III. 23, seq. 

Compendious comparison, III. 32. 

Corinthian Avar, II. 24. 

Crimination among public men at 
Athens, II. 25. 

Dative after a noun, I. 22 ; IV. 
32 ; — ethicus, VIH. 70. 

Demonstratives often understood 
in Greek, I. 21. 

Direct for indirect question, II. 
27. 

Double comparative (apparent), 
XV. 4. 

Eagerness for news among the 
Athenians, IV. 10, 48, 49. 

Eleusinian mysteries, time of, III. 
5. 

Emphatic position of words," I. 2. 
21, 25. 

Etesian winds, IV. 31. 

Euphemisms, IV. 24. 

Factions at Athens, II. 29. 

Festivals at Athens, IV. 35. 

Forms of verbs in -vo and -vfa used 
interchangeably, II. 12. 

Fortune of Athens, I. 1 ; II. 22. 

Future for opt., I. 26; — in sub- 
ordinate clauses meaning would, 
should, II. 13; — in sense of 
aorist, VIII. 72. 

Generals and other military offi- 
cers at Athens, IV. 26. 

Greek and English idioms, I. 27. 
(233) 



234. 



INDEX 



Happy use of illustrations by De- 
mosthenes, I. 11; HI. 33; IV. 
40. 

Highly adorned state of Athens in 
her best days, III. 25. 

Infinitive expressing purpose or re- 
sult, I. 1, 22; — with ace. used 
for a finite verb in all sorts of 
subordinate sentences, II. 19; 

— with article, instead of iufin. 
without article, VIII. 56. 

Intrigue of the Athenians with 
Philip relative to Ainphipolis, 
II. 6. 

Liturgies, I. 36. 

Military age at Athens, I. 28 ; III. 
4. 

Negative, double in Greek, III. 5 ; 

— with a minutive form, instead 
of a direct positive expression, 
II. 1 ; — clause followed by a 
positive clause, I. 10. 

Neuter expressing contempt, I. 5; 

— used for comprehensiveness, 
II. 30. 

NomothetaB, III. 10. 

Optative in giving reasons, I. 22 ; 

— after a principal tense, I. 1. 
Oratorical pleonasms, I. 18. 
Parallelism, III. 2. 

Participle with ovvot,6a, construc- 
tion, III. 3. 

Peculiar use of relative and inter- 
rogative words in Greek, IV. 3, 
10. 

Perfect in -yita not used, I. 10 ; 

— implying "has and still con- 
tinues," II. 15 ; — implying cer- 
tainty or rapidity, VIII. 3. 

Periphrastic form of the verb, I. 7, 

14, 16; III. 6, 26. 
Personal for impersonal form with 

dinaiog, etc., XV. 16. 
Philip not a barbarian, III. 16 ; 

— invigorated by the irresolute 
and feeble resistance of the 
Athenians ; — never ceasing ac- 
tivitv of, I. 3. 

Plural of Abstracts, VIII. 70. 



Preposition with its case used as 

a noun, II. 6 ; — prefixed to one 

of two words and affecting both, 

II. 9. 
Present for past tense, III, 21, 22 ; 

IV. 23; — and aor. part, dif., 

IV. 6. 
Public slaves at Athens, II. 19. 
Reflexive of 3d person for 2d, I. 

2 ; — pronoun used reciprocallv, 

IV. 10. 
Relative clause having the force of 

an attributive, III. 27 ; — placed 

before the principal clause, VIII. 

19. 
Relative position of abrog and 

EKaarog, IV. 7. 
Repetition of words for emphasis, 

II. 10 ; III. 33. 
Retrospective use of the pronoun, 

II. 6, 18; VIII. 44. 
Rhodians, their character, XV. 16. 

j Sacred vessels at Athens, IV. 34. 
Samos liberated by Timotheus, 

XV. 9. 
Severity of Demosthenes on the 

traitors, VIII. 61. 
Social war, XV. 2, 3. 
Soldiers, pay at Athens, IV. 28. 
Subjunctive for optative after a 

historical tense, II. 24. 
Superlative for comparative, VIII. 

72. 
Talent of silver, III. 5. 
Tenses in impossible conditional 

sentences, IV. 1. 
Theoric fund, I. 19, 20. 
Thessalians, their character, I. 22. 
Variations in augment in Demos- 
thenes, I. 11, 15. 
Verbal used instead of ablative 

absolute with ug, IV. 16. 
Vessels drawn up by the Greeks 

and Romans, when not in use, 

III. 4. 

Words between the article and its 
noun, or following the article 
repeated after its noun, have an 
attributive meaning, II. 16, 27. 



INDEX 



235 



II. GREEK WORDS AND PHRASES. 



dyadg rvxy = quod bene vertat, III. 

18'. 
dyuv Kal (pepcov, IV. 34. 
ciKovetv, used in reference to what 

is past, III. 21. 
alia fiTjv, I. 15 ; — vvv y' en, III. 
^ 33; — yap, XV 34. 
alius f£ "-ay, I. 5 ; III. 12. 
afietvov TtpaTTetv, " to fare better/' 

III. 13. 

dv, repeated, I. 10 ; II. 14 ; IV. 1 ; 
— gives a conditioned meaning 
to part., III. 8, 27; — gives a 
conditioned meaning to infin., 

, IV. 13. 

dv tic and Tig dv, dif, I. 14. 

dvalioKO, both with and without 
augment in Demosthenes, I. 11. 

avTidooic, IV. 36. 

dpa ye, ironical, III. 27. 

dpyelv, axola^eiv, dif. III. 35. 

arrive, " in short," I. 23. 

avroc, "one," XV. 25. 

avTuv, used with the plur. posses- 
sive pronoun, II. 24 ; — recip- 
rocal, IV. 10. 

(Happapoi, " rude," "unskilled," IV. 
40. 

(3o7j6p6(j.ia, III. 31. 

ye, I. 2 ; — , " too," VIII. 69. 

6e, omitted after eha, II. 1 ; — re- 
peated with a pronoun in its re- 
trospective use, VIII. 3. 

del with infin. for the verbal, I. 21. 

delva, usage, II. 31. 

6r) and 7/6r/, I. 2; — resumptive, 

IV. 21, 28. 
driizoTe, III. 7. 
6t77vov, usage, III. 17. 

6ia tovto, expressing a final cause, 
III. 3. 

diallayr), KaTallayi), dif., II. 1. 

dedovat loyov, " to give an opportu- 
nity of speaking," II. 29. 

dion, "why," "wherefore," IV. 
22. 

Sonet, personal instead of imperson- 
al, I. 10; II. 1. 

edv, position of, IV. 43. 



e[3ovl6/j,r]v and 7jj3ovl6ij,i]v, I. 15. 

eyKl7](iara, " injuries," I. 7. 

el for on, VIII. 55 ; — tlc apa = 
si forte, III. 26 ; — = on after 
verbs of emotion, 11.23. 

eidevai, dedoaadac, dif. IV. 3. 

eUoc without a predicate expressed, 
I. 7. 

ehe, often used when more than 
one is addressed, IV. 10. 

a'c and ace. after verbs of rest, im- 
plying previous motion, I. 14, 
18; III.l. 

eha, expressing indignation, I. 24. 

e/c for ev, IV. 1. 

enel attracted into eiceldev by verbs 
of motion, I. 15. 

knelvoc, referring to what follows, 
III. 3 ; — referring to the nearer, 
ovtoc to the more remote object, 
VIII. 72. 

ev bpy?) Tvoielv, I. 16. 

evt, " it is possible," II. 4. 

evl T<p 7rpwT6j, " to the most impor- 
tant," I. 9. 

e£, " on account of," I. 7. 

em, " upon condition of," VIII. 
10;= penes, VIII. 55. 

£7r' efxov, " in my time," III. 2. 

earl omitted with dvdynr}, VIII. 
35. 

exdpoc for 7zo?\£^.ioc, IV. 47. 

7jdrj, I. 2. 

ijyeladec, oleadac, dif., II. 9. 

Tjfuavc with partitive gen., IV. 16. 

Oecopelv, GKorcelv, dif, II. 6. 

Iva fir) followed by subj. after his- 
torical tense, III. 6. 

laoc followed by a relative, XV. 1. 

nai in dependent clauses, where 
a copulative would not be re- 
quired in our language, IV. 8 ; 
— yap, I. 23 ; — fiyv, II. 9 ; Kal 
.... Kal .... Kai, IV. 7. 

koltoi Kal tovto, IV. 12. 

Kal&c TioiovvTec, usage, I. 28. 

Kad' eva, Kad' eKaowv, used as a 
noun, IV. 2. 

KaTa and dvd, dif, I. 10. 



236 



INDEX 



Kara in composition, VIII. 9, 52. 
k&tcl, "wherein," I. 21. 
KaTayeiv, " to restore," XV. 28. 
KCLTaoKEva^ecdai, TrapaaKevd^sadac, 

dif., VIII. 43. 
KUTodev, apparently for kutco, II. 

10. 
fia, use of, I. 20. 
(luaaov Si = immo vero, II. 2. 
fieAluv, "to delay," IV. 9; II. 

24. 
/iiv, solitary, III. 8 ; VIII. 37 ; — 

Si, I. 2; II. 7, 11;— 

<5e Si, I. 28 ; II. 7 ; III. 

24, 27; — and Si connect their 

clauses very closelv, III. 20 ; — 

— Si], II. 8"; — ovv, I. 12. 
(livTot and other adversative words 

supplying the place of Si, IV. 

4. 
fxeruaraaig, (ieTafio\r/, dif. II. 13. 
(if/ with infin. and article, I. 10 ; 

— with part., VIII. 65 ; — with 
aor. subj., III. 10 ; — why used, 
and not ov, II. 2, 16; —"lest," 
with finite verb after verbs of 
fearing, etc., I. 15 ; VIII. 53 ; 

— (fif/re) instead of ov (ovre), 
I. 10; — tl ye St) = nedum, II. 
23. 

(vr/re .... re, I. 10. 

(iovov ovxi, " almost," I. 2. 

veavmog, " noble," III. 32. 

vt/ Ala anticipates the answer of 
another, IV. 10. 

vwl stronger than vvv, I. 1. 

olfiac, ironical, II. 23. 

olov, "for instance," VIII. 62; 
oiog re, "able," II. 17. 

6/itig adversative to the conces- 
sive idea contained in a part., 
I. 26. 

onus, hortatory, VIII. 38; — fir) 
with fut., II. 2 ; III. 1 ; — fol- 
lowed by subj., I. 2 ; III. 2 ; — 
St/ttote, III. 7. 

ore, " since," I. 1. 

on before a direct quotation, VIII." 
31. 

ov, " where and when," IV. 7. 

ovSi tto/Jmv Set, " not at all," VIII. 
42. 

ovSevbg t/ttov, (e?mocov), I. 27 ; 
VIII. 4. 



ovk in one of two clauses connect- 
ed by Si affects both of them, 
III. 16; — weaker than ovxi, 

III. 1 ; — omitted before ovSe- 
(itag governed by a comparative, 
I. 27 ; — (ir/v, I. 16 ; — (ti/v aX/u, 

I. 4 ; II. 22 ; — (ir/v ovSi, XV. 
14. 

ovv joined to a word makes it more 

comprehensive, III. 2. 
ovtol oi'Si, ov {J.7/V ovSi, IV. 18. 
TzaAaL, " long ago," I. 10. 
iravraxol for Travraxov with verbs 

of motion, IV. 24. 
rrapa, " during the execution of," 

II. 22 ; — , " by," IV. 11. 
7rapa?,eiipu instead of pres., II. 4. 
Tzug and aixag, dif, I. 1. 

Trip, meaning of, IV. 8. 

"Kepi with ace. and gen. dif., II. 2. 

7iA7/v el explained, III. 1 8 ; VIII. 

7. 
Ttori = tandem, I. 14 ; III. 26. 
TTo/ureia, XV. 32. 
tco/Jm = scepe, VIII. 69. 
izparreiv, noielv, dif, III. 15. 
rzplv followed by infin., III. 12 ; 

— uv, usage, II. 27. 
Trpotjevog, XV. 15. 

npo-lveiv, "give away," "sacri- 
fice," III. 22. 
Trpog, " out of regard to," III. 3 ; 

— an adverb, IV. 28. 
TrpoaSel, kvSel, dif., I. 19. 

TrpeJrov and to Tzpurov, dif, I. 12 ; 
XV. 14. 

OTpariurat, = pedites, IV. 21. 

avve?i,6vTi elrrelv, construe, IV. 7. 

oxt/oelv, eE,eiv, dif, I. 9. 

to, oka Trpayfiara or ru. 6?m = sum- 
ma* res, I. 3. 

ra Tipayfia-a, meaning of, II. 9. 

teaevtuv, used adverbially, VIII. 
49. 

Tiug, for eug, II. 21. 

T7]?uKoi>rog, Toaovrog, " so small," 

IV. 22. 

ri St), " how now," III. 6. 

tI Txaox^v, " to meet with some 
disaster," IV. 11. 

rig for bang, direct for indirect in- 
terrogative, II. 27 ; — followed 
by the plur., II. 18 ; VIII. 52. 

toI, usage, III. 20. 



Sept 15 L 



INDEX 



237 



roivvv, usage, I. 25 ; III. 4. 

TO TlOLlTOV, TOV XoiTtov, dif, IV. 15. 

totvoc, " region," IV. 4. 
Tovvavflov, used adverbially, VIII. 

50. 
tovto, "thus," I. 10. 
vftetc 6 drjiiog, " you the people," 

III. 31. 
vnep, -Kepi, dif., I. 5. 
vivep ttjv atjiav, irapa ttjv u^iav, II. 

3. 
viro with intrans. verbs, VIII. 17. 
(j>Vfti } einov, III. 19. 



Xopeyoc, IV. 36. 

X&pa understood, I. 25 ; IV. 25. 

cjc with gen. abs. in place of ace. 
with part, or infin., VIII. 61 ; 
— with part, expressing the as- 
sumed ground, IV. 13; — with 
superlative, I. 21 ; — aTajdCtQ, 
VIII. 10 ; — upa, " that for- 
sooth," VIII. 4. 

ticre with infin., I. 1 j III. 1 ; 
VIII. 24. 

o) rav, I. 26 ; III. 29. 



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